Loligo reynaudii, commonly known as the Cape Hope squid, is a 20–30 cm (7.9–11.8 in) long squid belonging to the family Loliginidae. In South Africa it is known as either calamari or chokka.
Loligo reynaudii is a marine cephalopod characterized by its elongated slender body, eight short arms, and two long retractile tentacles adorned with suckers. With diamond-shaped fins spanning over half the length of its up to 40 cm (16 in) mantle, this species exhibits distinctive features. Its eyes are covered by a membrane integrated into the head's skin. Notably, the left ventral arm serves as a storage and transfer site for spermatophores, featuring modified distal parts with rows of 44 to 68 tiny outgrowths. Its expanded limbs display transverse rows of suckers, with an enlarged median segment and smooth horny rings. The mantle length measures around 78 mm. Along with reddish-brown pigment and light-reflecting cells on the head and mantle, Loligo reynaudii's coloration can range from dark red to nearly translucent while alive.[4]
Distributionedit
Loligo reynaudii is widely distributed in a diverse and variable environment, primarily found between the Orange River and Port Alfred, with significant populations also present in Southern Angola where spawning takes place (Guerra et al.). Its distribution is strongly influenced by the warm and fast-flowing Agulhas Current along the oceanography of South Africa's east coast and outer Agulhas Bank. Notably, more than two-thirds of the adult biomass of L. reynaudii is concentrated along the southeast coast of South Africa.[5] Loligo reynaudii can be found across a depth range from sea level down to 200 m (660 ft).
Ecologyedit
The South African squid is an important predator of small fishes. It forms dense breeding aggregations in bays between Cape Point and Port Elizabeth in summer, laying sausage-shaped bunches of egg bundles on the sea floor. The young are transported west by the Agulhas Current and mature on the Agulhas Bank. They then migrate eastwards as adults back to their spawning grounds.
The conservation status of Cape hope squid, Loligo reynaudii, has been evaluated using a biomass-based stock assessment model, with results measured in terms of person-days permitted in the fishery (DAFF, 2014). Recent assessments have shown a decline in squid biomass and limited resources compared to previous years, posing potential economic challenges for the fishing industry during periods of reduced production (DAFF, 2014). Consequently, it was recommended to reduce the current fishing pressure, as it was heavily exploited in 2014.[5]
In the updated stock assessment conducted in 2019, there has been a continued increase in biomass. However, fishing effort has remained below the recommended Total Allowable Effort (TAE) levels, despite an overall upward trend (DAFF, 2019). This suggests that fishing activity has not reached unsustainable levels and is being managed within acceptable limits.[6]
Referencesedit
^Allcock, A.L.; Taite, M.; Headlam, J.; Allen, G. (2019). "Loligo reynaudii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T190945A1961951. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T190945A1961951.en. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
^Julian Finn (2016). "Loligo reynaudii d'Orbigny [in Ferussac & d'Orbigny], 1839-1841". World Register of Marine Species. Flanders Marine Institute. Retrieved 24 February 2018.
^Vecchione, M. & R.E. Young. (2010). Loligo reynaudii Orbigny 1845. The Tree of Life Web Project.
^FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes (No. 4. Vol. 2 ed.). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. p. 277.
^ abMmethi, Mpho (23 November 2016). "Cape Hope Squid". South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI).
Vecchione, M., E. Shea, S. Bussarawit, F. Anderson, D. Alexeyev, C.-C. Lu, T. Okutani, M. Roeleveld, C. Chotiyaputta, C. Roper, E. Jorgensen & N. Sukramongkol. (2005). "Systematics of Indo-West Pacific loliginids" (PDF). Phuket Marine Biological Center Research Bulletin66: 23–26.
External linksedit
April 12, 2024
loligo, reynaudii, commonly, known, cape, hope, squid, long, squid, belonging, family, loliginidae, south, africa, known, either, calamari, chokka, cape, hope, squidconservation, statusleast, concern, iucn, scientific, classificationdomain, eukaryotakingdom, a. Loligo reynaudii commonly known as the Cape Hope squid is a 20 30 cm 7 9 11 8 in long squid belonging to the family Loliginidae In South Africa it is known as either calamari or chokka Cape Hope squidConservation statusLeast Concern IUCN 3 1 1 Scientific classificationDomain EukaryotaKingdom AnimaliaPhylum MolluscaClass CephalopodaOrder MyopsidaFamily LoliginidaeGenus LoligoSpecies L reynaudiiBinomial nameLoligo reynaudiid Orbigny 1841 2 SynonymsLoligo vulgaris reynaudiiIt was previously treated as a subspecies of Loligo vulgaris the European squid 3 Contents 1 Description 2 Distribution 3 Ecology 4 Fisheries 5 References 6 External linksDescription editLoligo reynaudii is a marine cephalopod characterized by its elongated slender body eight short arms and two long retractile tentacles adorned with suckers With diamond shaped fins spanning over half the length of its up to 40 cm 16 in mantle this species exhibits distinctive features Its eyes are covered by a membrane integrated into the head s skin Notably the left ventral arm serves as a storage and transfer site for spermatophores featuring modified distal parts with rows of 44 to 68 tiny outgrowths Its expanded limbs display transverse rows of suckers with an enlarged median segment and smooth horny rings The mantle length measures around 78 mm Along with reddish brown pigment and light reflecting cells on the head and mantle Loligo reynaudii s coloration can range from dark red to nearly translucent while alive 4 Distribution editLoligo reynaudii is widely distributed in a diverse and variable environment primarily found between the Orange River and Port Alfred with significant populations also present in Southern Angola where spawning takes place Guerra et al Its distribution is strongly influenced by the warm and fast flowing Agulhas Current along the oceanography of South Africa s east coast and outer Agulhas Bank Notably more than two thirds of the adult biomass of L reynaudii is concentrated along the southeast coast of South Africa 5 Loligo reynaudii can be found across a depth range from sea level down to 200 m 660 ft Ecology editThe South African squid is an important predator of small fishes It forms dense breeding aggregations in bays between Cape Point and Port Elizabeth in summer laying sausage shaped bunches of egg bundles on the sea floor The young are transported west by the Agulhas Current and mature on the Agulhas Bank They then migrate eastwards as adults back to their spawning grounds Its natural predators include Short tail stingray Diamond ray Spotted ragged tooth shark Cape fur seal cat shark and numerous species of fish and birds Fisheries editThe conservation status of Cape hope squid Loligo reynaudii has been evaluated using a biomass based stock assessment model with results measured in terms of person days permitted in the fishery DAFF 2014 Recent assessments have shown a decline in squid biomass and limited resources compared to previous years posing potential economic challenges for the fishing industry during periods of reduced production DAFF 2014 Consequently it was recommended to reduce the current fishing pressure as it was heavily exploited in 2014 5 In the updated stock assessment conducted in 2019 there has been a continued increase in biomass However fishing effort has remained below the recommended Total Allowable Effort TAE levels despite an overall upward trend DAFF 2019 This suggests that fishing activity has not reached unsustainable levels and is being managed within acceptable limits 6 References edit Allcock A L Taite M Headlam J Allen G 2019 Loligo reynaudii IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019 e T190945A1961951 doi 10 2305 IUCN UK 2019 2 RLTS T190945A1961951 en Retrieved 18 November 2021 Julian Finn 2016 Loligo reynaudii d Orbigny in Ferussac amp d Orbigny 1839 1841 World Register of Marine Species Flanders Marine Institute Retrieved 24 February 2018 Vecchione M amp R E Young 2010 Loligo reynaudii Orbigny 1845 The Tree of Life Web Project FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No 4 Vol 2 ed Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FAO 2010 p 277 a b Mmethi Mpho 23 November 2016 Cape Hope Squid South African National Biodiversity Institute SANBI Cape Hope Squid Loligo reynaudii Southern African Sustainable Seafood Initiative SASSI Vecchione M E Shea S Bussarawit F Anderson D Alexeyev C C Lu T Okutani M Roeleveld C Chotiyaputta C Roper E Jorgensen amp N Sukramongkol 2005 Systematics of Indo West Pacific loliginids PDF Phuket Marine Biological Center Research Bulletin 66 23 26 External links editCharles Maxwell videos Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Loligo reynaudii amp oldid 1189182479, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
