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Listerine

October 16, 2023

Listerine is an American brand of antiseptic mouthwash that is promoted with the slogan "Kills germs that cause bad breath". Named after Joseph Lister, who pioneered antiseptic surgery at the Glasgow Royal Infirmary in Scotland, Listerine was developed in 1879 by Joseph Lawrence, a chemist in St. Louis, Missouri.[1][2]

Listerine
Various Listerine products in Canada
Product typeMouthwash, toothpaste, fluoride rinse, quick-dissolving strips, chewable tablets, breath spray, dental floss
OwnerMcNeil Consumer Healthcare division of Kenvue
CountryUnited States
Introduced1879 (original formula)
1914 (over the counter)
Related brandsPlax
Previous owners
Tagline"Kills germs that cause bad breath"
"Bring Out the Bold"
Websitewww.listerine.com

Originally marketed by the Lambert Pharmacal Company (which later became Warner–Lambert), Listerine has been manufactured and distributed by Johnson & Johnson since that company's acquisition of Pfizer's consumer healthcare division on December 20, 2006.[3]

The Listerine brand name is also used in toothpaste, chewable tablets, and self-dissolving teeth-whitening strips.

History Edit

 
1925 advertisement

Inspired by Louis Pasteur's ideas on microbial infection, the English doctor Joseph Lister demonstrated in 1865 that use of carbolic acid on surgical dressings would significantly reduce rates of post-surgical infection. Lister's work in turn inspired St. Louis-based doctor Joseph Lawrence to develop an alcohol-based formula for a surgical antiseptic which included eucalyptol, menthol, methyl salicylate, and thymol (its exact composition was a trade secret). Lawrence named his antiseptic "Listerine" in honor of Lister.[4]

Lawrence hoped to promote Listerine's use as a general germicide as well as a surgical antiseptic, and licensed his formula to a local pharmacist named Jordan Wheat Lambert in 1881. Lambert subsequently started the Lambert Pharmacal Company, marketing Listerine.[4] Listerine was promoted to dentists for oral care in 1895[5] and was the first over-the-counter mouthwash sold in the United States, in 1914.[6]

Lambert's licensing agreement with Lawrence required that he and his "heirs, executors and assigns" be paid royalties by Lambert or its successors for each bottle sold in perpetuity, until such time that Lambert or its successors ceases manufacturing Listerine.[7] Most of these royalty shares are held by Lawrence's heirs. Real estate broker John Reynolds bought a roughly 50% stake in the royalties in the 1950's, which he then transferred to the Archdiocese of New York, and was later resold to other parties to help fund the diocese. The Salvation Army, American Bible Society, and Wellesley College also held shares in Listerine royalties.[8][7]

Listerine entered common household use after Jordan Wheat Lambert's son Gerard Lambert joined the company and promoted an aggressive marketing campaign.[4] According to Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner's book Freakonomics:[9]

Listerine, for instance, was invented in the nineteenth century as powerful surgical antiseptic. It was later sold, in distilled form, as both a floor cleaner and a cure for gonorrhea. But it wasn't a runaway success until the 1920s, when it was pitched as a solution for "chronic halitosis" — a then obscure medical term for bad breath. Listerine's new ads featured forlorn young women and men, eager for marriage but turned off by their mate's rotten breath. "Can I be happy with him in spite of that?" one maiden asked herself. Until that time, bad breath was not conventionally considered such a catastrophe. But Listerine changed that. As the advertising scholar James B. Twitchell writes, "Listerine did not make mouthwash as much as it made halitosis." In just seven years, the company's revenues rose from $115,000 to more than $8 million.

In 1955, Lambert Pharmacal merged with New York-based Warner-Hudnut and became Warner-Lambert Pharmaceutical Company, and incorporated in Delaware with its corporate headquarters in Morris Plains, New Jersey.[10] Following the merger, Warner-Lambert attempted to back out of the aforementioned royalty agreements with Lawrence by filing a lawsuit in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. The company cited that the payments were based upon Listerine's formula having initially been a trade secret, but that since the formula had been published in 1931, the property no longer had a value, and that the indefinite agreement was legally unreasonable. The court, however, ruled in favor of Lawrence and the defendants, citing that the conditions were plainly-worded, implicit, and could be waived by ending production of the product.[7][11][12]

In 2000, Pfizer acquired Warner-Lambert.[13] Among Lambert's assets was the original land for Lambert-St. Louis International Airport.[14]

 
Glass bottle with paper label. The screw top indicates that the bottle was manufactured post-1920s.

From 1921 until the mid-1970s, Listerine was also marketed as preventive and remedy for colds and sore throats. In 1976, the Federal Trade Commission ruled that these claims were misleading, and that Listerine had "no efficacy" at either preventing or alleviating the symptoms of sore throats and colds. Warner-Lambert was ordered to stop making the claims, and to include in the next $10.2 million worth of Listerine ads specific mention that "Listerine will not help prevent colds or sore throats or lessen their severity."[15] The advertisement run by Listerine added the preamble "contrary to prior advertising".[16]

For a short time, beginning in 1927, the Lambert Pharmaceutical Company marketed Listerine Cigarettes.[17][18]

From the 1930s into the 1950s, advertisements claimed that applying Listerine to the scalp could prevent "infectious dandruff".[19]

Listerine was packaged in a glass bottle inside a corrugated cardboard tube for nearly 80 years before the first revamps were made to the brand: in 1992, Cool Mint Listerine was introduced in addition to the original Listerine Antiseptic formula and, in 1994, both brands were introduced in plastic bottles for the first time. In 1995, FreshBurst was added,[20] then in 2003 Natural Citrus.[citation needed] In 2006 a new addition to the "less intense" variety, Vanilla Mint, was released. Nine different kinds of Listerine are on the market in the U.S. and elsewhere: Original, Cool Mint, FreshBurst, Natural Citrus, Naturals, Soft Mint (Vanilla Mint), UltraClean (formerly Advanced Listerine), Tooth Defense (mint shield), and Whitening pre-brush rinse (clean mint).[citation needed] In the United Kingdom, where in recent years the only option for most residents to obtain the original Listerine was to purchase from a dwindling number of larger branches of Boots the Chemist only the flavoured products are now obtainable as Boots has removed the Original from its selection.[21] Original is not listed on the Listerine UK website as among the Listerine products available in the United Kingdom.[22]

Composition Edit

According to the product overview, the ingredients are as following for Listerine Total Care.[23] Similar distribution is contained in other varieties, which also list the essential oils as active ingredients.[24]

Listerine Total Care Edit

Active ingredient Edit

Inactive ingredients Edit

  • Water
  • Sorbitol
  • Alcohol (21.6% v/v)
  • Poloxamer 407
  • Sodium Saccharin
  • Flavor
  • Eucalyptol
  • Methyl Salicylate
  • Thymol
  • Phosphoric Acid
  • Menthol
  • Disodium Phosphate
  • Sucralose
  • Red 40
  • Blue 1

Distributions in case of Listerine Antiseptic Mouthwash, Original-05/22/2008 for essential oils are: menthol (mint) 0.042%, thymol (thyme) 0.064%, methyl salicylate (wintergreen) 0.06%, and eucalyptol (eucalyptus) 0.092%.[25]

Benefits Edit

In combination all have an antiseptic effect[26] and there is some thought that methyl salicylate may have an anti inflammatory effect as well.[27] Ethanol, which is toxic to bacteria at concentrations of 40%,[28] is present in concentrations of 21.6%[23] in the flavored product and 26.9%[29] in the original gold Listerine Antiseptic.[30] At this concentration, the ethanol serves to dissolve the active ingredients.[31][32]

Research indicates that Listerine can reduce dental plaque by 22.2% and gingivitis by 28.2% at 6 months. Dental plaque by 20.8% and gingivitis by 27.7% at 6 months, when compared with vehicle in test. Vehicle was 26.9% hydroalcoholic containing all ingredients in Listerine Antiseptic except its essential oils.[33][34]

Listerine also sell a formulation called Listerine Advanced Defence Gum Treatment containing a common food preservative, ethyl lauroyl arginate (LAE) at 0.147%.[35]

Safety Edit

Alcohol misuse Edit

The addition of essential oils means the ethanol is considered to be undrinkable, known as denatured alcohol, and it is therefore not regulated as an alcoholic beverage in the United States. (Specially Denatured Alcohol Formula 38-B, specified in Title 27, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 21, Subpart D) However, consumption of mouthwash to obtain intoxication does occur, especially among alcoholics and underage drinkers.[36]

Cancer risk Edit

There has been concern that the use of alcohol-containing mouthwash such as Listerine may increase the risk of developing oral cancer.[37][38] As of 2010, seven meta-analyses have found no connection between alcohol-containing mouthwashes and oral cancer, and three have found increased risk.[39] In January 2009, Andrew Penman, chief executive of The Cancer Council New South Wales, called for further research on the matter.[38] In a March 2009 brief, the American Dental Association said "the available evidence does not support a connection between oral cancer and alcohol-containing mouthrinse".[40]

In 2009, Johnson and Johnson launched a new alcohol-free version of the product called Listerine Zero.[29]

A 2020 systematic review investigated the controversial alcohol-oral cancer question (or oropharynx or other head and neck cancers), saying that for example "this risk from alcohol consumption increases ten times in heavy drinkers compared to abstainers or irregular drinkers" but there is no consensus whether it is a risk factor. The authors of the study conclude that "alcohol-based mouthwash consumption significantly increases salivary acetaldehyde levels in the first few minutes. However, no evidence exists if long-term salivary acetaldehyde levels may increase with a high frequency of mouthwash use. There is still insufficient evidence of whether the use of alcohol-based mouthwash is an independent risk factor for oral or oropharynx cancer. Nonetheless, it does increase the risk when it occurs concomitantly with other risk factors such as smoking or alcohol.[41]

Contaminants Edit

On April 11, 2007, McNeil-PPC disclosed that there were potentially contaminants in all Listerine Agent Cool Blue products sold since its launch in 2006, and that all bottles were being recalled.[42] The recall affected some 4,000,000 bottles sold since that time.[43] According to the company, Listerine Agent Cool Blue is the only product affected by the contamination and no other products in the Listerine family were under recall.[42]

References Edit

  1. ^ Newton, David (2008). Trademarked : a history of well-known brands, from Aertex to Wright's Coal Tar. Stroud: Sutton Publishing. ISBN 978-0750945905.
  2. ^ "History of LISTERINE®". LISTERINE®. Retrieved 2021-06-04.
  3. ^ "Johnson & Johnson Acquires Pfizer Consumer Healthcare". Lexpert. December 20, 2006. Retrieved March 20, 2020.
  4. ^ a b c Hicks, Jesse. . Thanks to Chemistry. Chemical Heritage Foundation. Archived from the original on July 12, 2016. Retrieved 27 January 2015.
  5. ^ "Prescribe Listerine for Patients". The Pacific Dental Journal. 5 (2): 58. 1895. Retrieved 27 January 2015.
  6. ^ Casey, Wilson (2009). Firsts: Origins of Everyday Things That Changed the World. New York: Penguin. p. 155. ISBN 978-1101159460. Retrieved 27 January 2015.
  7. ^ a b c Susan, Decker (2020-07-13). "Bad Breath Offers a Rare Payoff in Listerine-Royalty Stake Sale". Bloomberg. Retrieved 2022-07-27.
  8. ^ "Corporations: Riches from Royalties". Time. 1966-12-16. ISSN 0040-781X. Retrieved 2022-07-27.
  9. ^ Levitt, Steven D.; Dubner, Stephen J. (2009). Freakonomics : A Rogue Economist Explores The Hidden Side Of Everything. New York: HarperCollins. p. 87. ISBN 978-0-06-073133-5. OCLC 502013083.
    Previous editions of Freakonomics incorrectly described halitosis as a "faux medical term", which this Wikipedia article previously reflected.
  10. ^ . GoAntiques.com. Archived from the original on 2011-09-27. Retrieved February 25, 2010.
  11. ^ "When the Secret Enables the Brand: The Long-Lasting Listerine License". IPWatchdog.com | Patents & Patent Law. 2021-11-23. Retrieved 2022-07-27.
  12. ^ "Warner-Lambert Pharm. Co. v. John J. Reynolds, Inc., 178 F. Supp. 655 (S.D.N.Y. 1959)". Justia Law. Retrieved 2022-07-27.
  13. ^ . Pfizer. Archived from the original on May 24, 2013. Retrieved February 5, 2010.
  14. ^ Mary Delach Leonard (Dec 25, 2016). "Lambert airport traces its history to an aviation visionary who knew how to sell mouthwash". St. Louis Public Radio. from the original on 2017-02-18. Retrieved 2018-04-28.
  15. ^ "Three by the FTC". Time. Jan 5, 1976. Retrieved 2006-12-05.
  16. ^ Business Its Legal, Ethical, and Global Environment by Marianne M. Jennings 8th edition page 324, Given these safeguards, we believe the preamble "Contrary to prior advertising" is not necessary.
  17. ^ Gardiner, Phillip (2004). (PDF). Nicotine & Tobacco Research. 6: S55–65. doi:10.1080/14622200310001649478. PMID 14982709. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-08-19. Retrieved 2014-08-15.
  18. ^ . Tobacco Documents Online. Archived from the original on 2011-06-15. Retrieved 2009-09-25.
  19. ^ Lambert Pharmacal (1930). "Listerine gets rid of dandruff". Popular Science. 116 (5): 17. ISSN 0161-7370.
  20. ^ . Chain Drug Review. 1995-07-31. Archived from the original on 2013-09-26. Retrieved 2014-08-16.
  21. ^ "Boots website: Listerine products selection".
  22. ^ "Products". LISTERINE® UK. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
  23. ^ a b "TOTAL CARE Anticavity Fluoride Mouthwash". LISTERINE®. Retrieved 2021-06-04.
  24. ^ "LISTERINE® Gum Therapy Antiseptic Mouthwash". LISTERINE®. Retrieved 2021-06-04.
  25. ^ "Listerine Antiseptic Mouthwash, Original-05/22/2008". CPID. Retrieved 6 September 2022.
  26. ^ Bachir, Raho G; Benali, M (September 2012). "Antibacterial activity of the essential oils from the leaves of Eucalyptus globulus against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus". Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine. 2 (9): 739–742. doi:10.1016/S2221-1691(12)60220-2. ISSN 2221-1691. PMC 3609378. PMID 23570005.
  27. ^ Mason, L.; Moore, R. A.; Edwards, J. E.; McQuay, H. J.; Derry, S.; Wiffen, P. J. (2004). "Systematic review of efficacy of topical rubefacients containing salicylates for the treatment of acute and chronic pain". BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.). 328 (7446): 995. doi:10.1136/bmj.38040.607141.EE. PMC 404501. PMID 15033879.
  28. ^ Reynolds, Scott A.; Levy, Foster; Walker, Elaine S. (March 2006). "Hand Sanitizer Alert". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 12 (3): 527–529. doi:10.3201/eid1203.050955. ISSN 1080-6040. PMC 3291447. PMID 16710985.
  29. ^ a b "Johnson & Johnson sued over mouthwash cancer fears". the Guardian. 2011-08-27. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
  30. ^ Block's disinfection, sterilization, and preservation. Gerald E. McDonnell, Joyce M. Hansen (6th ed.). Philadelphia. 2021. ISBN 978-1-4963-8149-1. OCLC 1149169039.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: others (link)
  31. ^ "Alcohol". Listerine Professional. Retrieved 2018-04-30.
  32. ^ "Alcohol in Mouthwashes & Rinses | LISTERINE® Professional". ListerineProfessional. Retrieved 2021-06-04.
  33. ^ "Removing Plaque from Teeth | LISTERINE® Professional". ListerineProfessional. Retrieved 2021-06-04.
  34. ^ Gordon, J. M.; Lamster, I. B.; Seiger, M. C. (September 1985). "Efficacy of Listerine antiseptic in inhibiting the development of plaque and gingivitis". Journal of Clinical Periodontology. 12 (8): 697–704. doi:10.1111/j.1600-051x.1985.tb00941.x. ISSN 0303-6979. PMID 3902908.
  35. ^ "Product profile". Listerine Advanced Defence Gum Treatment.
  36. ^ Cathleen Terhune Alty (March 12, 2014). "Do you want that mouthwash straight up or on the rocks?". RDH.
  37. ^ McCullough, Michael; Farah, C.S. (December 2008). "The role of alcohol in oral carcinogenesis with particular reference to alcohol-containing mouthwashes". Australian Dental Journal. 53 (4): 302–305. doi:10.1111/j.1834-7819.2008.00070.x. PMID 19133944.
  38. ^ a b Weaver, Clair (January 10, 2009). "Mouthwash linked to cancer". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 12 January 2009.
  39. ^ La Vecchia, C (2009). "Mouthwash and oral cancer risk: An update". Oral Oncology. 45 (3): 198–200. doi:10.1016/j.oraloncology.2008.08.012. PMID 18952488.
  40. ^ , American Dental Association, March 2009
  41. ^ Ustrell-Borràs, M; Traboulsi-Garet, B; Gay-Escoda, C (2020). "Alcohol-based mouthwash as a risk factor of oral cancer: A systematic review" (PDF). Medicina Oral Patología Oral y Cirugia Bucal. 25 (1): e1–e12. doi:10.4317/medoral.23085. PMC 6982979. PMID 31655832.
  42. ^ a b "McNeil-PPC, Inc. today issues voluntary nationwide consumer recall of Listerine Agent Cool Blue plaque-detecting rinse products" (Press release). McNeil-PPC. 2007-04-11. Retrieved 2014-04-10.
  43. ^ "Contamination prompts J&J recall of Listerine Agent Cool Blue plaque-detecting rinse". NBC News. Associated Press. 2007-04-12. Retrieved Aug 15, 2014.

External links Edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Listerine.
  • Official website
  • Official Listerine Middle East Website
  • Listerine Fluoride Animation

October 16, 2023
listerine, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, july, 2021, lear. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Listerine news newspapers books scholar JSTOR July 2021 Learn how and when to remove this template message Listerine is an American brand of antiseptic mouthwash that is promoted with the slogan Kills germs that cause bad breath Named after Joseph Lister who pioneered antiseptic surgery at the Glasgow Royal Infirmary in Scotland Listerine was developed in 1879 by Joseph Lawrence a chemist in St Louis Missouri 1 2 ListerineVarious Listerine products in CanadaProduct typeMouthwash toothpaste fluoride rinse quick dissolving strips chewable tablets breath spray dental flossOwnerMcNeil Consumer Healthcare division of KenvueCountryUnited StatesIntroduced1879 original formula 1914 over the counter Related brandsPlaxPrevious ownersLambert Pharmacal CompanyWarner LambertPfizerTagline Kills germs that cause bad breath Bring Out the Bold Websitewww wbr listerine wbr comOriginally marketed by the Lambert Pharmacal Company which later became Warner Lambert Listerine has been manufactured and distributed by Johnson amp Johnson since that company s acquisition of Pfizer s consumer healthcare division on December 20 2006 3 The Listerine brand name is also used in toothpaste chewable tablets and self dissolving teeth whitening strips Contents 1 History 2 Composition 2 1 Listerine Total Care 2 1 1 Active ingredient 2 1 2 Inactive ingredients 3 Benefits 4 Safety 4 1 Alcohol misuse 4 2 Cancer risk 4 3 Contaminants 5 References 6 External linksHistory Edit nbsp 1925 advertisementInspired by Louis Pasteur s ideas on microbial infection the English doctor Joseph Lister demonstrated in 1865 that use of carbolic acid on surgical dressings would significantly reduce rates of post surgical infection Lister s work in turn inspired St Louis based doctor Joseph Lawrence to develop an alcohol based formula for a surgical antiseptic which included eucalyptol menthol methyl salicylate and thymol its exact composition was a trade secret Lawrence named his antiseptic Listerine in honor of Lister 4 Lawrence hoped to promote Listerine s use as a general germicide as well as a surgical antiseptic and licensed his formula to a local pharmacist named Jordan Wheat Lambert in 1881 Lambert subsequently started the Lambert Pharmacal Company marketing Listerine 4 Listerine was promoted to dentists for oral care in 1895 5 and was the first over the counter mouthwash sold in the United States in 1914 6 Lambert s licensing agreement with Lawrence required that he and his heirs executors and assigns be paid royalties by Lambert or its successors for each bottle sold in perpetuity until such time that Lambert or its successors ceases manufacturing Listerine 7 Most of these royalty shares are held by Lawrence s heirs Real estate broker John Reynolds bought a roughly 50 stake in the royalties in the 1950 s which he then transferred to the Archdiocese of New York and was later resold to other parties to help fund the diocese The Salvation Army American Bible Society and Wellesley College also held shares in Listerine royalties 8 7 Listerine entered common household use after Jordan Wheat Lambert s son Gerard Lambert joined the company and promoted an aggressive marketing campaign 4 According to Steven D Levitt and Stephen J Dubner s book Freakonomics 9 Listerine for instance was invented in the nineteenth century as powerful surgical antiseptic It was later sold in distilled form as both a floor cleaner and a cure for gonorrhea But it wasn t a runaway success until the 1920s when it was pitched as a solution for chronic halitosis a then obscure medical term for bad breath Listerine s new ads featured forlorn young women and men eager for marriage but turned off by their mate s rotten breath Can I be happy with him in spite of that one maiden asked herself Until that time bad breath was not conventionally considered such a catastrophe But Listerine changed that As the advertising scholar James B Twitchell writes Listerine did not make mouthwash as much as it made halitosis In just seven years the company s revenues rose from 115 000 to more than 8 million In 1955 Lambert Pharmacal merged with New York based Warner Hudnut and became Warner Lambert Pharmaceutical Company and incorporated in Delaware with its corporate headquarters in Morris Plains New Jersey 10 Following the merger Warner Lambert attempted to back out of the aforementioned royalty agreements with Lawrence by filing a lawsuit in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York The company cited that the payments were based upon Listerine s formula having initially been a trade secret but that since the formula had been published in 1931 the property no longer had a value and that the indefinite agreement was legally unreasonable The court however ruled in favor of Lawrence and the defendants citing that the conditions were plainly worded implicit and could be waived by ending production of the product 7 11 12 In 2000 Pfizer acquired Warner Lambert 13 Among Lambert s assets was the original land for Lambert St Louis International Airport 14 nbsp Glass bottle with paper label The screw top indicates that the bottle was manufactured post 1920s From 1921 until the mid 1970s Listerine was also marketed as preventive and remedy for colds and sore throats In 1976 the Federal Trade Commission ruled that these claims were misleading and that Listerine had no efficacy at either preventing or alleviating the symptoms of sore throats and colds Warner Lambert was ordered to stop making the claims and to include in the next 10 2 million worth of Listerine ads specific mention that Listerine will not help prevent colds or sore throats or lessen their severity 15 The advertisement run by Listerine added the preamble contrary to prior advertising 16 For a short time beginning in 1927 the Lambert Pharmaceutical Company marketed Listerine Cigarettes 17 18 From the 1930s into the 1950s advertisements claimed that applying Listerine to the scalp could prevent infectious dandruff 19 Listerine was packaged in a glass bottle inside a corrugated cardboard tube for nearly 80 years before the first revamps were made to the brand in 1992 Cool Mint Listerine was introduced in addition to the original Listerine Antiseptic formula and in 1994 both brands were introduced in plastic bottles for the first time In 1995 FreshBurst was added 20 then in 2003 Natural Citrus citation needed In 2006 a new addition to the less intense variety Vanilla Mint was released Nine different kinds of Listerine are on the market in the U S and elsewhere Original Cool Mint FreshBurst Natural Citrus Naturals Soft Mint Vanilla Mint UltraClean formerly Advanced Listerine Tooth Defense mint shield and Whitening pre brush rinse clean mint citation needed In the United Kingdom where in recent years the only option for most residents to obtain the original Listerine was to purchase from a dwindling number of larger branches of Boots the Chemist only the flavoured products are now obtainable as Boots has removed the Original from its selection 21 Original is not listed on the Listerine UK website as among the Listerine products available in the United Kingdom 22 Composition EditAccording to the product overview the ingredients are as following for Listerine Total Care 23 Similar distribution is contained in other varieties which also list the essential oils as active ingredients 24 Listerine Total Care Edit Active ingredient Edit Sodium fluoride 0 02 0 01 w v fluoride ion Inactive ingredients Edit Water Sorbitol Alcohol 21 6 v v Poloxamer 407 Sodium Saccharin Flavor Eucalyptol Methyl Salicylate Thymol Phosphoric Acid Menthol Disodium Phosphate Sucralose Red 40 Blue 1Distributions in case of Listerine Antiseptic Mouthwash Original 05 22 2008 for essential oils are menthol mint 0 042 thymol thyme 0 064 methyl salicylate wintergreen 0 06 and eucalyptol eucalyptus 0 092 25 Benefits EditIn combination all have an antiseptic effect 26 and there is some thought that methyl salicylate may have an anti inflammatory effect as well 27 Ethanol which is toxic to bacteria at concentrations of 40 28 is present in concentrations of 21 6 23 in the flavored product and 26 9 29 in the original gold Listerine Antiseptic 30 At this concentration the ethanol serves to dissolve the active ingredients 31 32 Research indicates that Listerine can reduce dental plaque by 22 2 and gingivitis by 28 2 at 6 months Dental plaque by 20 8 and gingivitis by 27 7 at 6 months when compared with vehicle in test Vehicle was 26 9 hydroalcoholic containing all ingredients in Listerine Antiseptic except its essential oils 33 34 Listerine also sell a formulation called Listerine Advanced Defence Gum Treatment containing a common food preservative ethyl lauroyl arginate LAE at 0 147 35 Safety EditAlcohol misuse Edit The addition of essential oils means the ethanol is considered to be undrinkable known as denatured alcohol and it is therefore not regulated as an alcoholic beverage in the United States Specially Denatured Alcohol Formula 38 B specified in Title 27 Code of Federal Regulations Part 21 Subpart D However consumption of mouthwash to obtain intoxication does occur especially among alcoholics and underage drinkers 36 Cancer risk Edit There has been concern that the use of alcohol containing mouthwash such as Listerine may increase the risk of developing oral cancer 37 38 As of 2010 seven meta analyses have found no connection between alcohol containing mouthwashes and oral cancer and three have found increased risk 39 In January 2009 Andrew Penman chief executive of The Cancer Council New South Wales called for further research on the matter 38 In a March 2009 brief the American Dental Association said the available evidence does not support a connection between oral cancer and alcohol containing mouthrinse 40 In 2009 Johnson and Johnson launched a new alcohol free version of the product called Listerine Zero 29 A 2020 systematic review investigated the controversial alcohol oral cancer question or oropharynx or other head and neck cancers saying that for example this risk from alcohol consumption increases ten times in heavy drinkers compared to abstainers or irregular drinkers but there is no consensus whether it is a risk factor The authors of the study conclude that alcohol based mouthwash consumption significantly increases salivary acetaldehyde levels in the first few minutes However no evidence exists if long term salivary acetaldehyde levels may increase with a high frequency of mouthwash use There is still insufficient evidence of whether the use of alcohol based mouthwash is an independent risk factor for oral or oropharynx cancer Nonetheless it does increase the risk when it occurs concomitantly with other risk factors such as smoking or alcohol 41 Contaminants Edit On April 11 2007 McNeil PPC disclosed that there were potentially contaminants in all Listerine Agent Cool Blue products sold since its launch in 2006 and that all bottles were being recalled 42 The recall affected some 4 000 000 bottles sold since that time 43 According to the company Listerine Agent Cool Blue is the only product affected by the contamination and no other products in the Listerine family were under recall 42 References Edit Newton David 2008 Trademarked a history of well known brands from Aertex to Wright s Coal Tar Stroud Sutton Publishing ISBN 978 0750945905 History of LISTERINE LISTERINE Retrieved 2021 06 04 Johnson amp Johnson Acquires Pfizer Consumer Healthcare Lexpert December 20 2006 Retrieved March 20 2020 a b c Hicks Jesse A Fresh Breath Thanks to Chemistry Chemical Heritage Foundation Archived from the original on July 12 2016 Retrieved 27 January 2015 Prescribe Listerine for Patients The Pacific Dental Journal 5 2 58 1895 Retrieved 27 January 2015 Casey Wilson 2009 Firsts Origins of Everyday Things That Changed the World New York Penguin p 155 ISBN 978 1101159460 Retrieved 27 January 2015 a b c Susan Decker 2020 07 13 Bad Breath Offers a Rare Payoff in Listerine Royalty Stake Sale Bloomberg Retrieved 2022 07 27 Corporations Riches from Royalties Time 1966 12 16 ISSN 0040 781X Retrieved 2022 07 27 Levitt Steven D Dubner Stephen J 2009 Freakonomics A Rogue Economist Explores The Hidden Side Of Everything New York HarperCollins p 87 ISBN 978 0 06 073133 5 OCLC 502013083 Previous editions of Freakonomics incorrectly described halitosis as a faux medical term which this Wikipedia article previously reflected Warner Hudnut Inc Early Warner Lambert Company GoAntiques com Archived from the original on 2011 09 27 Retrieved February 25 2010 When the Secret Enables the Brand The Long Lasting Listerine License IPWatchdog com Patents amp Patent Law 2021 11 23 Retrieved 2022 07 27 Warner Lambert Pharm Co v John J Reynolds Inc 178 F Supp 655 S D N Y 1959 Justia Law Retrieved 2022 07 27 2000 Pfizer joins forces with Warner Lambert Pfizer Archived from the original on May 24 2013 Retrieved February 5 2010 Mary Delach Leonard Dec 25 2016 Lambert airport traces its history to an aviation visionary who knew how to sell mouthwash St Louis Public Radio Archived from the original on 2017 02 18 Retrieved 2018 04 28 Three by the FTC Time Jan 5 1976 Retrieved 2006 12 05 Business Its Legal Ethical and Global Environment by Marianne M Jennings 8th edition page 324 Given these safeguards we believe the preamble Contrary to prior advertising is not necessary Gardiner Phillip 2004 The African Americanization of menthol cigarette use in the United States PDF Nicotine amp Tobacco Research 6 S55 65 doi 10 1080 14622200310001649478 PMID 14982709 Archived from the original PDF on 2014 08 19 Retrieved 2014 08 15 LISTERINE Cigarettes Tobacco Documents Online Archived from the original on 2011 06 15 Retrieved 2009 09 25 Lambert Pharmacal 1930 Listerine gets rid of dandruff Popular Science 116 5 17 ISSN 0161 7370 Article Warner Lambert reenters the dentrifice business Chain Drug Review 1995 07 31 Archived from the original on 2013 09 26 Retrieved 2014 08 16 Boots website Listerine products selection Products LISTERINE UK Retrieved 2022 01 14 a b TOTAL CARE Anticavity Fluoride Mouthwash LISTERINE Retrieved 2021 06 04 LISTERINE Gum Therapy Antiseptic Mouthwash LISTERINE Retrieved 2021 06 04 Listerine Antiseptic Mouthwash Original 05 22 2008 CPID Retrieved 6 September 2022 Bachir Raho G Benali M September 2012 Antibacterial activity of the essential oils from the leaves of Eucalyptus globulus against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2 9 739 742 doi 10 1016 S2221 1691 12 60220 2 ISSN 2221 1691 PMC 3609378 PMID 23570005 Mason L Moore R A Edwards J E McQuay H J Derry S Wiffen P J 2004 Systematic review of efficacy of topical rubefacients containing salicylates for the treatment of acute and chronic pain BMJ Clinical Research Ed 328 7446 995 doi 10 1136 bmj 38040 607141 EE PMC 404501 PMID 15033879 Reynolds Scott A Levy Foster Walker Elaine S March 2006 Hand Sanitizer Alert Emerging Infectious Diseases 12 3 527 529 doi 10 3201 eid1203 050955 ISSN 1080 6040 PMC 3291447 PMID 16710985 a b Johnson amp Johnson sued over mouthwash cancer fears the Guardian 2011 08 27 Retrieved 2022 01 14 Block s disinfection sterilization and preservation Gerald E McDonnell Joyce M Hansen 6th ed Philadelphia 2021 ISBN 978 1 4963 8149 1 OCLC 1149169039 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint location missing publisher link CS1 maint others link Alcohol Listerine Professional Retrieved 2018 04 30 Alcohol in Mouthwashes amp Rinses LISTERINE Professional ListerineProfessional Retrieved 2021 06 04 Removing Plaque from Teeth LISTERINE Professional ListerineProfessional Retrieved 2021 06 04 Gordon J M Lamster I B Seiger M C September 1985 Efficacy of Listerine antiseptic in inhibiting the development of plaque and gingivitis Journal of Clinical Periodontology 12 8 697 704 doi 10 1111 j 1600 051x 1985 tb00941 x ISSN 0303 6979 PMID 3902908 Product profile Listerine Advanced Defence Gum Treatment Cathleen Terhune Alty March 12 2014 Do you want that mouthwash straight up or on the rocks RDH McCullough Michael Farah C S December 2008 The role of alcohol in oral carcinogenesis with particular reference to alcohol containing mouthwashes Australian Dental Journal 53 4 302 305 doi 10 1111 j 1834 7819 2008 00070 x PMID 19133944 a b Weaver Clair January 10 2009 Mouthwash linked to cancer The Daily Telegraph Retrieved 12 January 2009 La Vecchia C 2009 Mouthwash and oral cancer risk An update Oral Oncology 45 3 198 200 doi 10 1016 j oraloncology 2008 08 012 PMID 18952488 Science brief on alcohol containing mouthrinses and oral cancer American Dental Association March 2009 Ustrell Borras M Traboulsi Garet B Gay Escoda C 2020 Alcohol based mouthwash as a risk factor of oral cancer A systematic review PDF Medicina Oral Patologia Oral y Cirugia Bucal 25 1 e1 e12 doi 10 4317 medoral 23085 PMC 6982979 PMID 31655832 a b McNeil PPC Inc today issues voluntary nationwide consumer recall of Listerine Agent Cool Blue plaque detecting rinse products Press release McNeil PPC 2007 04 11 Retrieved 2014 04 10 Contamination prompts J amp J recall of Listerine Agent Cool Blue plaque detecting rinse NBC News Associated Press 2007 04 12 Retrieved Aug 15 2014 External links Edit nbsp Medicine portal nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Listerine Official website Official Listerine Middle East Website Listerine Fluoride Animation Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Listerine amp oldid 1179900551, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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