List of musical instruments by Hornbostel–Sachs number: 311.221

This is a list of instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number, covering those instruments that are classified under 311.221 under that system. It includes instruments that are true stick zithers with one resonator.

3: Instruments in which sound is produced by one or more vibrating strings (chordophones, string instruments).

31: Instruments which consist solely of a string bearer or a string bearer with a resonator that is not integral to the instrument

311: Instruments with a string bearer shaped like a bar, or consisting of a sideways board (bar zithers)

311.2: Instrument has a rigid and inflexible string carrier (stick zither)

311.22: Instrument has no curved or flexible end (true stick zither)

311.221: Instrument has one resonator gourd

These instruments may be classified with a suffix, based on how the strings are caused to vibrate.

• 4: Hammers or beaters
• 5: Bare hands and fingers
• 6: Plectrum
• 7: Bowing
  • 71: Using a bow
  • 72: Using a wheel
  • 73: Using a ribbon
• 8: Keyboard
• 9: Using a mechanical drive

List

Instrument	Tradition	Hornbostel–Sachs classification	Description
veena^[1] vina	India	311.222	Semitonically fretted lute with a long, cylindrical shape, resting on two gourds

References

• Alvad, Thomas (October 1954). "233. The Kafir Harp". Man. Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. 54: 151–154. doi:10.2307/2795578.
• Knight, Roderick (Winter 1985). Society for Ethnomusicology. "The Harp in India Today". Ethnomusicology. University of Illinois Press. 29 (1): 9–28. doi:10.2307/852322. JSTOR 852322.
• von Hornbostel, Erich M.; Curt Sachs (March 1961). "Classification of Musical Instruments: Translated from the Original German by Anthony Baines and Klaus P. Wachsmann". The Galpin Society Journal. The Galpin Society Journal, Vol. 14. 14: 3–29. doi:10.2307/842168. JSTOR 842168.

Notes

1. Frishmuth, Sarah S. (July 1905). "Stringed Instruments". Bulletin of the Pennsylvania Museum. Bulletin of the Pennsylvania Museum, Vol. 3, No. 11. 3 (11): 45–48. doi:10.2307/3793687. JSTOR 3793687. India has an infinite variety of lutes, the vina, her national instrument, having a...