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List of minor planets

April 10, 2023

The following is a list of numbered minor planets in ascending numerical order. With the exception of comets, minor planets are all small bodies in the Solar System, including asteroids, distant objects and dwarf planets. The catalog consists of hundreds of pages, each containing 1,000 minor planets. Every year, the Minor Planet Center, which operates on behalf of the International Astronomical Union, publishes thousands of newly numbered minor planets in its Minor Planet Circulars (see index).[1][2] As of September 2022, there are 619,150 numbered minor planets (secured discoveries) out of a total of 1,233,701 observed small Solar System bodies, with the remainder being unnumbered minor planets and comets.[3]

The catalog of minor planets is published by the Minor Planet Center and contains 619,999 entries, including 134340 Pluto.[1] For an overview, see index.
Growing number of minor planets since 1995:
  •   numbered and named bodies (listed)
  •   numbered but unnamed bodies (listed)
  •   unnumbered bodies (not part of this list)

The catalog's first object is 1 Ceres, discovered by Giuseppe Piazzi in 1801, while its best-known entry is Pluto, listed as 134340 Pluto. The vast majority (97.3%) of minor planets are asteroids from the asteroid belt (the catalog uses a color code to indicate a body's dynamical classification). There are more than a thousand different minor-planet discoverers observing from a growing list of registered observatories. In terms of numbers, the most prolific discoverers are Spacewatch, LINEAR, MLS, NEAT and CSS. There are also 23,542 named minor planets mostly after people, places and figures from mythology and fiction,[4] which account for only 3.8% of all numbered catalog entries. (4596) 1981 QB and 616689 Yihangyiyang are currently the lowest-numbered unnamed and highest-numbered named minor planets, respectively.[1][4]

It is expected that the upcoming survey by the Vera C. Rubin Observatory will discover another 5 million minor planets during the next ten years—almost a tenfold increase from current numbers.[5] While all main-belt asteroids with a diameter above 10 km (6.2 mi) have already been discovered, there might be as many as 10 trillion 1 m (3.3 ft)-sized asteroids or larger out to the orbit of Jupiter; and more than a trillion minor planets in the Kuiper belt.[5][6] For minor planets grouped by a particular aspect or property, see § Specific lists.

Description of partial lists

The list of minor planets consists of more than 600 partial lists, each containing 1000 minor planets grouped into 10 tables. The data is sourced from the Minor Planet Center (MPC) and expanded with data from the JPL SBDB (mean-diameter), Johnston's archive (sub-classification) and others (see detailed field descriptions below). For an overview of all existing partial lists, see § Main index.

The information given for a minor planet includes a permanent and provisional designation (§ Designation), a citation that links to the meanings of minor planet names (only if named), the discovery date, location, and credited discoverers (§ Discovery and § Discoverers), a category with a more refined classification than the principal grouping represented by the background color (§ Category), a mean-diameter, sourced from JPL's SBDB or otherwise calculated estimates in italics (§ Diameter), and a reference (Ref) to the corresponding pages at MPC and JPL SBDB.

The MPC may credit one or several astronomers, a survey or similar program, or even the observatory site with the discovery. In the first column of the table, an existing stand-alone article is linked in boldface, while (self-)redirects are never linked. Discoverers, discovery site and category are only linked if they differ from the preceding catalog entry.

Example

Designation Discovery Properties Ref
Permanent Provisional Citation Date Site Discoverer(s) Category Diam.
189001 4889 P-L — 24 September 1960 Palomar PLS — 3.4 km MPC · JPL
189002 6760 P-L — 24 September 1960 Palomar PLS NYS 960 m MPC · JPL
189003 3009 T-3 — 16 October 1977 Palomar PLS — 5.1 km MPC · JPL
189004 Capys 3184 T-3 Capys 16 October 1977 Palomar PLS L5 12 km MPC · JPL
189005 5176 T-3 — 16 October 1977 Palomar PLS — 3.5 km MPC · JPL

The example above shows five catalog entries from one of the partial lists. All five asteroids were discovered at Palomar Observatory by the Palomar–Leiden survey (PLS). The MPC directly credits the survey's principal investigators, that is, the astronomers Cornelis van Houten, Ingrid van Houten-Groeneveld and Tom Gehrels. (This is the only instance where the list of minor planets diverges from the Discovery Circumstances in the official MPC list.[7]) 189004 Capys, discovered on 16 October 1977, is the only named minor planet among these five. Its background color indicates that it is a Jupiter trojan (from the Trojan camp at Jupiter's L5), estimated to be approximately 12 kilometers in diameter. All other objects are smaller asteroids from the inner (white), central (light-grey) and outer regions (dark grey) of the asteroid belt. The provisional designation for all objects is an uncommon survey designation.

Designation

Main articles: Minor-planet designation and Provisional designation in astronomy § Minor planets

After discovery, minor planets generally receive a provisional designation, e.g. 1989 AC, then a leading sequential number in parenthesis, e.g. (4179) 1989 AC, turning it into a permanent designation (numbered minor planet). Optionally, a name can be given, replacing the provisional part of the designation, e.g. 4179 Toutatis. (On Wikipedia, named minor planets also drop their parenthesis.)

In modern times, a minor planet receives a sequential number only after it has been observed several times over at least 4 oppositions.[8] Minor planets whose orbits are not (yet) precisely known are known by their provisional designation. This rule was not necessarily followed in earlier times, and some bodies received a number but subsequently became lost minor planets. The 2000 recovery of 719 Albert, which had been lost for nearly 89 years, eliminated the last numbered lost asteroid.[9] Only after a number is assigned is the minor planet eligible to receive a name. Usually the discoverer has up to 10 years to pick a name; many minor planets now remain unnamed. Especially towards the end of the twentieth century, large-scale automated asteroid discovery programs such as LINEAR have increased the pace of discoveries so much that the vast majority of minor planets will most likely never receive names.

For these reasons, the sequence of numbers only approximately matches the timeline of discovery. In extreme cases, such as lost minor planets, there may be a considerable mismatch: for instance the high-numbered 69230 Hermes was originally discovered in 1937, but it was a lost until 2003. Only after it was rediscovered could its orbit be established and a number assigned.

SpacewatchLincoln Near-Earth Asteroid ResearchMount Lemmon SurveyNear-Earth Asteroid TrackingCatalina Sky SurveyLowell Observatory Near-Earth-Object SearchPan-STARRSPalomar–Leiden surveyWide-field Infrared Survey ExplorerEric Walter ElstList of minor planet discoverers 
Top 10 discoverers of minor planets account for nearly 90% of all discoveries (total of 567,132 numbered bodies, as of June 2021, adjusted MPC-figures).[10][11]

Discoverers

For a more comprehensive list, see List of minor planet discoverers.

The MPC credits more than 1,000 professional and amateur astronomers as discoverers of minor planets. Many of them have discovered only a few minor planets or even just co-discovered a single one. Moreover, a discoverer does not need to be a human being. There are about 300 programs, surveys and observatories credited as discoverers. Among these, a small group of U.S. programs and surveys actually account for most of all discoveries made so far (see pie chart). As the total of numbered minor planets is growing by the tens of thousands every year, all statistical figures are constantly changing. In contrast to the Top 10 discoverers displayed in this articles, the MPC summarizes the total of discoveries somewhat differently, that is by a distinct group of discoverers. For example, bodies discovered in the Palomar–Leiden Survey are directly credited to the program's principal investigators.

Discovery site

See also: List of observatory codes and List of minor planet discoverers § Discovering dedicated institutions

Observatories, telescopes and surveys that report astrometric observations of small Solar System bodies to the Minor Planet Center receive a numeric or alphanumeric MPC code such as 675 for the Palomar Observatory, or G96 for the Mount Lemmon Survey. On numbering, the MPC may directly credit such an observatory or program as the discoverer of an object, rather than one or several astronomers.

Category

Further information: List of minor-planet groups and Asteroid family § All families

In this catalog, minor planets are classified into one of 8 principal orbital groups and highlighted with a distinct color. These are:

The vast majority of minor planets are evenly distributed between the inner-, central and outer parts of the asteroid belt, which are separated by the two Kirkwood gaps at 2.5 and 2.82 AU. Nearly 97.5% of all minor planets are main-belt asteroids (MBA), while Jupiter trojans, Mars-crossing and near-Earth asteroids each account for less than 1% of the overall population. Only a small number of distant minor planets, that is the centaurs and trans-Neptunian objects, have been numbered so far. In the partial lists, table column "category" further refines this principal grouping:

Principal orbital groups(c) MPs (#) MPs (%) Distribution Orbital criteria
  Near-Earth object(a) 3,104 0.50%
NEOs: 3,104 (0.5%)MCs: 6,180 (1.0%)MBA (inner): 195,710 (31.7%)MBA (middle): 216,729 (35.1%)MBA (outer): 187,562 (30.4%)JTs: 6,300 (1.0%)Centaurs: 158 (0.0%)TNOs: 912 (0.1%) 
 q < 1.3 AU
  Mars-crosser 6,180 1.00% 1.3 AU < q < 1.666 AU; a < 3.2 AU
  MBA (inner) 195,710 31.74% a < 2.5 AU; q > 1.666 AU
  MBA (middle) 216,729 35.14% 2.5 AU < a < 2.82 AU; q > 1.666 AU
  MBA (outer) 187,562 30.41% 2.82 AU < a < 4.6 AU; q > 1.666 AU
  Jupiter trojan 6,300 1.02% 4.6 AU < a < 5.5 AU; e < 0.3
  Centaur 158 0.03% 5.5 AU < a < 30.1 AU
  Trans-Neptunian object 912 0.15% a > 30.1 AU
Total (numbered) 616,690(b) 100% Source: JPL's SBDB[20]
(a) NEO-subgroups with number of members: Aten (255), Amor (1,275), Apollo (1,566) and Atira (8) asteroids.[b]
(b) Including 35 unclassified bodies: 6144 Kondojiro, 8373 Stephengould, 9767 Midsomer Norton, (18916) 2000 OG44, (32511) 2001 NX17, (96177) 1984 BC, (115916) 2003 WB8, (136620) 1994 JC, (144870) 2004 MA8, (241944) 2002 CU147, (275618) 2000 AU242, (301964) 2000 EJ37, (306418) 1998 KK56, (322713) 2000 KD41, (363135) 2001 QQ199, (393350) 1992 RN1, (405058) 2001 TX16, (406803) 2008 UX64, (477587) 2010 JT86, (487496) 2014 SE288, (490171) 2008 UD253, (494667) 2001 WX1, (497009) 2003 BU35, (497619) 2006 QL39, (504160) 2006 SV301, 514107 Kaʻepaokaʻawela, (518509) 2006 FZ51, (524114) 2000 SB1, (526889) 2007 GH6, (584530) 2017 GY10, (612078) 1998 UQ1, (612320) 2001 XE104, (613709) 2007 CM57, (613987) 2008 JO20, (614590) 2009 XY21 (colored as    for being unclassified).[c]
(c) This chart has been created using a classification scheme adopted from and with data provided by the JPL Small-Body Database.[20][d]

Diameter

If available, a minor planet's mean diameter in meters (m) or kilometers (km) is taken from the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, which the Small-Body Database has also adopted.[21] Mean diameters are rounded to two significant figures if smaller than 100 kilometers. Estimates are in italics and calculated from a magnitude-to-diameter conversion, using an assumed albedo derived from the body's orbital parameters or, if available, from a family-specific mean albedo (also see asteroid family table).[e]

Main index

This is an overview of all existing partial lists of numbered minor planets (LoMP). Each table stands for 100,000 minor planets, each cell for a specific partial list of 1,000 sequentially numbered bodies. The data is sourced from the Minor Planet Center.[1] For an introduction, see § top.

Numberings 1–100,000

Numberings 100,001–200,000

Numberings 200,001–300,000

Numberings 300,001–400,000

Numberings 400,001–500,000

Numberings 500,001–600,000

Numberings 600,001–700,000

600,001 601,001 602,001 603,001 604,001 605,001 606,001 607,001 608,001 609,001
610,001 611,001 612,001 613,001 614,001 615,001 616,001 617,001 618,001 619,001
620,001 621,001 622,001 623,001 624,001 625,001 626,001 627,001 628,001 629,001
630,001 631,001 632,001 633,001 634,001 635,001 636,001 637,001 638,001 639,001
640,001 641,001 642,001 643,001 644,001 645,001 646,001 647,001 648,001 649,001
650,001 651,001 652,001 653,001 654,001 655,001 656,001 657,001 658,001 659,001
660,001 661,001 662,001 663,001 664,001 665,001 666,001 667,001 668,001 669,001
670,001 671,001 672,001 673,001 674,001 675,001 676,001 677,001 678,001 679,001
680,001 681,001 682,001 683,001 684,001 685,001 686,001 687,001 688,001 689,001
690,001 691,001 692,001 693,001 694,001 695,001 696,001 697,001 698,001 699,001

Specific lists

For an overview, see Minor planet, Category:Lists of minor planets, and Category:Lists of asteroids.
 
Euler diagram showing the types of bodies in the Solar System (see Small Solar System body).

The following are lists of minor planets by physical properties, orbital properties, or discovery circumstances:

See also

Other lists

Notes

  1. ^ There are two sources used to determine asteroid families by the synthetic hierarchical clustering method. The first one, Identification and Dynamical Properties of Asteroid Families (D. Nesvorný, 2014), is used for asteroids up to number 393,347. The second one is from the Asteroid Dynamic Site (AstDyS) and covers the individual asteroid family membership for bodies above that number (A. Milani, Z. Knežević, 2014), including all listed bodies that have been numbered since last publication in 2018. Following 8 families from latter were mapped to family names of former: Hertha→Nysa, Minerva→Gefion, Klytaemnestra→Telramund, Lydia→Padua, Innes→Rafita, Zdenekhorsky→Nemesis, Klumpkea→Tirela, Gantrisch→Lixiaohua, Harig→Witt. All other families not listed by Nesvorný at AstDyS do not show an abbreviated family name with a linked "Family Identification Number" (FIN). Instead, listed entries for such members give the designation of their parent body, e.g. (5) for 5 Astraea.
  2. ^ a b Split-up of NEOs into Amor, Aten, Apollo and Atira asteroid is based on the orbital criteria given in adjunct table. The data is sourced from JPL Small-Body Orbital Elements "Numbered Asteroids (50 MB)" file
  3. ^ There are a few minor planets that remain unclassified based on the defined orbital criteria. At least five of these bodies have a semi-major axis too large to be an outer main-belt asteroid, and an orbit too eccentric to be classified as a Jupiter trojan (JPL classifies these bodies simply as "asteroids", while the MPC, which never distinguishes between inner, outer and middle MBAs, classifies them as "main-belt asteroids"). Other unclassified minor planets include Mars-crossers (as per MPC) with a semi-major axis of that of an outer-MBA (as per JPL).
  4. ^ This table adopts the orbital criteria used by the JPL Small-Body Database, with the exception of (1.) using a different limit to categorize asteroids of the intermediate main belt (i.e. a = 2.5–2.82 AU), and (2.) adding another orbital criteria to outer MBAs (q > 1.666 AU).
    The values for an object's perihelion and aphelion need to be derived from the semi-major axis and the eccentricity as they are not provided in the data source (q = a(1-e); Q = a(1+e)).
  5. ^ Diameters are calculated as a function of absolute magnitude (H) and geometric albedo (p) as documented at CNEOS. While "H" is taken from the Ascii files at the Small Body Data Base, the assumed albedo is taken from an asteroid-family specific figure (Nesvorny, synthetic HCM v.3, as shown in table) or, alternatively – for background asteroids, Jupiter trojans, near-Earth and distant objects – from the body's orbital parameters (as per 2. Taxonomic Class, orbital class, and albedo at the LCDB and/or Johnston's Archive). This is: 0.20 (inner MBAs), 0.14 (NEOs), 0.057 (outer MBAs and Jupiter trojans), 0.10 (middle MBAs with a semi-major axis between 2.6 and 2.7 AU), 0.09 (centaurs and TNOs). The conversion formula for a given albedo and abs. magnitude is: pow(10, (3.1236 − (0.5 × log10(p)) − (0.2 × H))).

References

  1. ^ a b c d "Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets". Minor Planet Center. 17 October 2022. Retrieved 27 October 2022.
  2. ^ "MPC/MPO/MPS Archive". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 27 October 2021.
  3. ^ "Latest Published Data". Minor Planet Center. 9 September 2022. Retrieved 27 October 2022.
  4. ^ a b "WGSBN Bulletin Archive". Working Group Small Body Nomenclature. 24 October 2022.
  5. ^ a b Jones, R. Lynne; Juric, Mario; Ivezic, Zeljko (January 2016). "Asteroid Discovery and Characterization with the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope". Asteroids: New Observations. 318: 282–292. arXiv:1511.03199. Bibcode:2016IAUS..318..282J. doi:10.1017/S1743921315008510. S2CID 8193676.
  6. ^ Bidstrup, P. R.; Andersen, A. C.; Haack, H.; Michelsen, R. (August 2008). "How to detect another 10 trillion small Main Belt asteroids". Physica Scripta. 130: 014027. Bibcode:2008PhST..130a4027B. doi:10.1088/0031-8949/2008/T130/014027. S2CID 121429332.
  7. ^ "Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (185001)–(190000)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 27 May 2019.
  8. ^ An opposition is the time when a body is at its furthest apparent point from the Sun, and in this case is defined as the time when an asteroid is far enough from the Sun to be observed from the Earth. In most cases, this is about 4 to 6 months a year. Some notable minor planets are exceptions to this rule, such as 367943 Duende.
  9. ^ Cowen, Ron (1 November 2002). "Astronomers Rediscover Long-Lost Asteroid". Science News. Retrieved 6 April 2018.
  10. ^ "Data Available from the Minor Planet Center: Discovery circumstances of the numbered minor planets, NumberedMPs.txt (52 MB)". Minor Planet Center. 27 October 2022.
  11. ^ "Minor Planet Discoverers (by number)". Minor Planet Center. 17 September 2022.
  12. ^ "Small Bodies Data Ferret". Nesvorny HCM Asteroid Families V3.0. Retrieved 21 February 2019.
  13. ^ "List Of Jupiter Trojans". Minor Planet Center. 12 June 2022.
  14. ^ a b "Data Available from the Minor Planet Center – MPCORB.DAT". Minor Planet Center. 27 October 2022. (doc)
  15. ^ "List of the Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs)". Minor Planet Center. 21 June 2022.
  16. ^ Johnston, Wm. Robert (2 January 2022). "List of Known Trans-Neptunian Objects". Johnston's Archive. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
  17. ^ "List Of Other Unusual Objects". Minor Planet Center. 21 June 2022.
  18. ^ Johnston, Wm. Robert (18 June 2022). "Asteroids with Satellites". Johnston's Archive.
  19. ^ Warner, Brian D.; Harris, Alan W.; Pravec, Petr (July 2009). "The asteroid lightcurve database". Icarus. 202 (1): 134–146. Bibcode:2009Icar..202..134W. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2009.02.003. (LCDB query form)
  20. ^ a b "JPL Small-Body Orbital Elements "Numbered Asteroids (68.6 MB)"". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 12 July 2021.
  21. ^ "NEOWISE Diameters and Albedos". PDS Small Bodies Node. 11 March 2019. Retrieved 25 June 2019.

Further reading

External links

  • How Many Solar System Bodies, Jet Propulsion Laboratory – Small-Body Database
  • JPL Minor Planet Database for physical and orbital data (of any Small Solar System Body or dwarf planet)
  • Scott Manley's timelapse animation of Asteroid Discovery 1980–2012 on YouTube (min. 3:13)
Minor Planet Center
  • Lists and plots: Minor Planets
  • MPC Discovery Circumstances (minor planets by number)
  • CNEOS, Center for Near-Earth Object Studies, NASA
  • PDS Asteroid Data Archive
  • Asteroid Hazards, Part 1: What Makes an Asteroid a Hazard? on YouTube (min. 6:04)
  • Asteroid Hazards, Part 2: The Challenge of Detection on YouTube (min. 7:14)
  • Asteroid Hazards, Part 3: Finding the Path on YouTube (min. 5:38)

April 10, 2023
list, minor, planets, following, list, numbered, minor, planets, ascending, numerical, order, with, exception, comets, minor, planets, small, bodies, solar, system, including, asteroids, distant, objects, dwarf, planets, catalog, consists, hundreds, pages, eac. The following is a list of numbered minor planets in ascending numerical order With the exception of comets minor planets are all small bodies in the Solar System including asteroids distant objects and dwarf planets The catalog consists of hundreds of pages each containing 1 000 minor planets Every year the Minor Planet Center which operates on behalf of the International Astronomical Union publishes thousands of newly numbered minor planets in its Minor Planet Circulars see index 1 2 As of September 2022 update there are 619 150 numbered minor planets secured discoveries out of a total of 1 233 701 observed small Solar System bodies with the remainder being unnumbered minor planets and comets 3 The catalog of minor planets is published by the Minor Planet Center and contains 619 999 entries including 134340 Pluto 1 For an overview see index Growing number of minor planets since 1995 numbered and named bodies listed numbered but unnamed bodies listed unnumbered bodies not part of this list The catalog s first object is 1 Ceres discovered by Giuseppe Piazzi in 1801 while its best known entry is Pluto listed as 134340 Pluto The vast majority 97 3 of minor planets are asteroids from the asteroid belt the catalog uses a color code to indicate a body s dynamical classification There are more than a thousand different minor planet discoverers observing from a growing list of registered observatories In terms of numbers the most prolific discoverers are Spacewatch LINEAR MLS NEAT and CSS There are also 23 542 named minor planets mostly after people places and figures from mythology and fiction 4 which account for only 3 8 of all numbered catalog entries 4596 1981 QB and 616689 Yihangyiyang are currently the lowest numbered unnamed and highest numbered named minor planets respectively 1 4 It is expected that the upcoming survey by the Vera C Rubin Observatory will discover another 5 million minor planets during the next ten years almost a tenfold increase from current numbers 5 While all main belt asteroids with a diameter above 10 km 6 2 mi have already been discovered there might be as many as 10 trillion 1 m 3 3 ft sized asteroids or larger out to the orbit of Jupiter and more than a trillion minor planets in the Kuiper belt 5 6 For minor planets grouped by a particular aspect or property see Specific lists Contents 1 Description of partial lists 1 1 Example 1 2 Designation 1 3 Discoverers 1 4 Discovery site 1 5 Category 1 6 Diameter 2 Main index 2 1 Numberings 1 100 000 2 2 Numberings 100 001 200 000 2 3 Numberings 200 001 300 000 2 4 Numberings 300 001 400 000 2 5 Numberings 400 001 500 000 2 6 Numberings 500 001 600 000 2 7 Numberings 600 001 700 000 3 Specific lists 4 See also 4 1 Other lists 5 Notes 6 References 7 Further reading 8 External linksDescription of partial lists EditThe list of minor planets consists of more than 600 partial lists each containing 1000 minor planets grouped into 10 tables The data is sourced from the Minor Planet Center MPC and expanded with data from the JPL SBDB mean diameter Johnston s archive sub classification and others see detailed field descriptions below For an overview of all existing partial lists see Main index The information given for a minor planet includes a permanent and provisional designation Designation a citation that links to the meanings of minor planet names only if named the discovery date location and credited discoverers Discovery and Discoverers a category with a more refined classification than the principal grouping represented by the background color Category a mean diameter sourced from JPL s SBDB or otherwise calculated estimates in italics Diameter and a reference Ref to the corresponding pages at MPC and JPL SBDB The MPC may credit one or several astronomers a survey or similar program or even the observatory site with the discovery In the first column of the table an existing stand alone article is linked in boldface while self redirects are never linked Discoverers discovery site and category are only linked if they differ from the preceding catalog entry Example Edit Designation Discovery Properties RefPermanent Provisional Citation Date Site Discoverer s Category Diam 189001 4889 P L 24 September 1960 Palomar PLS 3 4 km MPC JPL189002 6760 P L 24 September 1960 Palomar PLS NYS 960 m MPC JPL189003 3009 T 3 16 October 1977 Palomar PLS 5 1 km MPC JPL189004 Capys 3184 T 3 Capys 16 October 1977 Palomar PLS L5 12 km MPC JPL189005 5176 T 3 16 October 1977 Palomar PLS 3 5 km MPC JPL The example above shows five catalog entries from one of the partial lists All five asteroids were discovered at Palomar Observatory by the Palomar Leiden survey PLS The MPC directly credits the survey s principal investigators that is the astronomers Cornelis van Houten Ingrid van Houten Groeneveld and Tom Gehrels This is the only instance where the list of minor planets diverges from the Discovery Circumstances in the official MPC list 7 189004 Capys discovered on 16 October 1977 is the only named minor planet among these five Its background color indicates that it is a Jupiter trojan from the Trojan camp at Jupiter s L5 estimated to be approximately 12 kilometers in diameter All other objects are smaller asteroids from the inner white central light grey and outer regions dark grey of the asteroid belt The provisional designation for all objects is an uncommon survey designation Designation Edit Main articles Minor planet designation and Provisional designation in astronomy Minor planets After discovery minor planets generally receive a provisional designation e g 1989 AC then a leading sequential number in parenthesis e g 4179 1989 AC turning it into a permanent designation numbered minor planet Optionally a name can be given replacing the provisional part of the designation e g 4179 Toutatis On Wikipedia named minor planets also drop their parenthesis In modern times a minor planet receives a sequential number only after it has been observed several times over at least 4 oppositions 8 Minor planets whose orbits are not yet precisely known are known by their provisional designation This rule was not necessarily followed in earlier times and some bodies received a number but subsequently became lost minor planets The 2000 recovery of 719 Albert which had been lost for nearly 89 years eliminated the last numbered lost asteroid 9 Only after a number is assigned is the minor planet eligible to receive a name Usually the discoverer has up to 10 years to pick a name many minor planets now remain unnamed Especially towards the end of the twentieth century large scale automated asteroid discovery programs such as LINEAR have increased the pace of discoveries so much that the vast majority of minor planets will most likely never receive names For these reasons the sequence of numbers only approximately matches the timeline of discovery In extreme cases such as lost minor planets there may be a considerable mismatch for instance the high numbered 69230 Hermes was originally discovered in 1937 but it was a lost until 2003 Only after it was rediscovered could its orbit be established and a number assigned Spacewatch 160 697 28 3 LINEAR 149 948 26 4 Mt Lemmon Srvy 76 083 13 4 NEAT 42 468 7 5 CSS 29 366 5 2 LONEOS 22 628 4 0 Pan STARRS 14 783 2 6 Palomar Leiden Srvy 4 643 0 8 WISE 4 627 0 8 Eric Elst 3 869 0 7 All others 58 020 10 2 Top 10 discoverers of minor planets account for nearly 90 of all discoveries total of 567 132 numbered bodies as of June 2021 adjusted MPC figures 10 11 Discoverers Edit For a more comprehensive list see List of minor planet discoverers The MPC credits more than 1 000 professional and amateur astronomers as discoverers of minor planets Many of them have discovered only a few minor planets or even just co discovered a single one Moreover a discoverer does not need to be a human being There are about 300 programs surveys and observatories credited as discoverers Among these a small group of U S programs and surveys actually account for most of all discoveries made so far see pie chart As the total of numbered minor planets is growing by the tens of thousands every year all statistical figures are constantly changing In contrast to the Top 10 discoverers displayed in this articles the MPC summarizes the total of discoveries somewhat differently that is by a distinct group of discoverers For example bodies discovered in the Palomar Leiden Survey are directly credited to the program s principal investigators Discovery site Edit See also List of observatory codes and List of minor planet discoverers Discovering dedicated institutions Observatories telescopes and surveys that report astrometric observations of small Solar System bodies to the Minor Planet Center receive a numeric or alphanumeric MPC code such as 675 for the Palomar Observatory or G96 for the Mount Lemmon Survey On numbering the MPC may directly credit such an observatory or program as the discoverer of an object rather than one or several astronomers Category Edit Further information List of minor planet groups and Asteroid family All families In this catalog minor planets are classified into one of 8 principal orbital groups and highlighted with a distinct color These are Near Earth obj MBA inner MBA outer Centaur Mars crosser MBA middle Jupiter trojan Trans Neptunian obj The vast majority of minor planets are evenly distributed between the inner central and outer parts of the asteroid belt which are separated by the two Kirkwood gaps at 2 5 and 2 82 AU Nearly 97 5 of all minor planets are main belt asteroids MBA while Jupiter trojans Mars crossing and near Earth asteroids each account for less than 1 of the overall population Only a small number of distant minor planets that is the centaurs and trans Neptunian objects have been numbered so far In the partial lists table column category further refines this principal grouping main belt asteroids show their family membership based on the synthetic hierarchical clustering method by Nesvorny 2014 12 a resonant asteroids are displayed by their numerical ratio and include the Hildas 3 2 Cybeles 7 4 Thules 4 3 and Griquas 2 1 while the Jupiter trojans 1 1 display whether they belong to the Greek L4 or Trojan camp L5 13 Hungaria asteroids H are labelled in italics H when they are not members of the collisional family 14 near Earth objects are divided into the Aten ATE Amor AMO Apollo APO and Atira ATI group b with some of them being potentially hazardous asteroids PHA 15 and or larger than one kilometer in diameter 1km as determined by the MPC 14 trans Neptunian objects are divided into dynamical subgroups including cubewanos hot or cold scattered disc objects plutinos and other Neptunian resonances 16 comet like and or retrograde objects with a TJupiter value below 2 are tagged with damocloid other unusual objects based on MPC s and Johnston s lists are labelled unusual 17 binary and trinary minor planets with companions are tagged with moon and link to their corresponding entry in minor planet moon 18 objects with an exceptionally long or short rotation period are tagged with slow period of 100 hours or fast period of less than 2 2 hours and link to their corresponding entry in List of slow rotators and List of fast rotators respectively 19 minor planets which also received a periodic comet number such as 95P Chiron for 2060 Chiron link to the List of numbered comets Principal orbital groups c MPs MPs Distribution Orbital criteria Near Earth object a 3 104 0 50 q lt 1 3 AU Mars crosser 6 180 1 00 1 3 AU lt q lt 1 666 AU a lt 3 2 AU MBA inner 195 710 31 74 a lt 2 5 AU q gt 1 666 AU MBA middle 216 729 35 14 2 5 AU lt a lt 2 82 AU q gt 1 666 AU MBA outer 187 562 30 41 2 82 AU lt a lt 4 6 AU q gt 1 666 AU Jupiter trojan 6 300 1 02 4 6 AU lt a lt 5 5 AU e lt 0 3 Centaur 158 0 03 5 5 AU lt a lt 30 1 AU Trans Neptunian object 912 0 15 a gt 30 1 AUTotal numbered 616 690 b 100 Source JPL s SBDB 20 a NEO subgroups with number of members Aten 255 Amor 1 275 Apollo 1 566 and Atira 8 asteroids b b Including 35 unclassified bodies 6144 Kondojiro 8373 Stephengould 9767 Midsomer Norton 18916 2000 OG44 32511 2001 NX17 96177 1984 BC 115916 2003 WB8 136620 1994 JC 144870 2004 MA8 241944 2002 CU147 275618 2000 AU242 301964 2000 EJ37 306418 1998 KK56 322713 2000 KD41 363135 2001 QQ199 393350 1992 RN1 405058 2001 TX16 406803 2008 UX64 477587 2010 JT86 487496 2014 SE288 490171 2008 UD253 494667 2001 WX1 497009 2003 BU35 497619 2006 QL39 504160 2006 SV301 514107 Kaʻepaokaʻawela 518509 2006 FZ51 524114 2000 SB1 526889 2007 GH6 584530 2017 GY10 612078 1998 UQ1 612320 2001 XE104 613709 2007 CM57 613987 2008 JO20 614590 2009 XY21 colored as for being unclassified c c This chart has been created using a classification scheme adopted from and with data provided by the JPL Small Body Database 20 d Diameter Edit If available a minor planet s mean diameter in meters m or kilometers km is taken from the NEOWISE mission of NASA s Wide field Infrared Survey Explorer which the Small Body Database has also adopted 21 Mean diameters are rounded to two significant figures if smaller than 100 kilometers Estimates are in italics and calculated from a magnitude to diameter conversion using an assumed albedo derived from the body s orbital parameters or if available from a family specific mean albedo also see asteroid family table e Main index EditThis is an overview of all existing partial lists of numbered minor planets LoMP Each table stands for 100 000 minor planets each cell for a specific partial list of 1 000 sequentially numbered bodies The data is sourced from the Minor Planet Center 1 For an introduction see top Numberings 1 100 000 Edit 1 1000 1 001 2 001 3 001 4 001 5 001 6 001 7 001 8 001 9 00110 001 11 001 12 001 13 001 14 001 15 001 16 001 17 001 18 001 19 00120 001 21 001 22 001 23 001 24 001 25 001 26 001 27 001 28 001 29 00130 001 31 001 32 001 33 001 34 001 35 001 36 001 37 001 38 001 39 00140 001 41 001 42 001 43 001 44 001 45 001 46 001 47 001 48 001 49 00150 001 51 001 52 001 53 001 54 001 55 001 56 001 57 001 58 001 59 00160 001 61 001 62 001 63 001 64 001 65 001 66 001 67 001 68 001 69 00170 001 71 001 72 001 73 001 74 001 75 001 76 001 77 001 78 001 79 00180 001 81 001 82 001 83 001 84 001 85 001 86 001 87 001 88 001 89 00190 001 91 001 92 001 93 001 94 001 95 001 96 001 97 001 98 001 99 001Numberings 100 001 200 000 Edit 100 001 101 001 102 001 103 001 104 001 105 001 106 001 107 001 108 001 109 001110 001 111 001 112 001 113 001 114 001 115 001 116 001 117 001 118 001 119 001120 001 121 001 122 001 123 001 124 001 125 001 126 001 127 001 128 001 129 001130 001 131 001 132 001 133 001 134 001 135 001 136 001 137 001 138 001 139 001140 001 141 001 142 001 143 001 144 001 145 001 146 001 147 001 148 001 149 001150 001 151 001 152 001 153 001 154 001 155 001 156 001 157 001 158 001 159 001160 001 161 001 162 001 163 001 164 001 165 001 166 001 167 001 168 001 169 001170 001 171 001 172 001 173 001 174 001 175 001 176 001 177 001 178 001 179 001180 001 181 001 182 001 183 001 184 001 185 001 186 001 187 001 188 001 189 001190 001 191 001 192 001 193 001 194 001 195 001 196 001 197 001 198 001 199 001Numberings 200 001 300 000 Edit 200 001 201 001 202 001 203 001 204 001 205 001 206 001 207 001 208 001 209 001210 001 211 001 212 001 213 001 214 001 215 001 216 001 217 001 218 001 219 001220 001 221 001 222 001 223 001 224 001 225 001 226 001 227 001 228 001 229 001230 001 231 001 232 001 233 001 234 001 235 001 236 001 237 001 238 001 239 001240 001 241 001 242 001 243 001 244 001 245 001 246 001 247 001 248 001 249 001250 001 251 001 252 001 253 001 254 001 255 001 256 001 257 001 258 001 259 001260 001 261 001 262 001 263 001 264 001 265 001 266 001 267 001 268 001 269 001270 001 271 001 272 001 273 001 274 001 275 001 276 001 277 001 278 001 279 001280 001 281 001 282 001 283 001 284 001 285 001 286 001 287 001 288 001 289 001290 001 291 001 292 001 293 001 294 001 295 001 296 001 297 001 298 001 299 001Numberings 300 001 400 000 Edit 300 001 301 001 302 001 303 001 304 001 305 001 306 001 307 001 308 001 309 001310 001 311 001 312 001 313 001 314 001 315 001 316 001 317 001 318 001 319 001320 001 321 001 322 001 323 001 324 001 325 001 326 001 327 001 328 001 329 001330 001 331 001 332 001 333 001 334 001 335 001 336 001 337 001 338 001 339 001340 001 341 001 342 001 343 001 344 001 345 001 346 001 347 001 348 001 349 001350 001 351 001 352 001 353 001 354 001 355 001 356 001 357 001 358 001 359 001360 001 361 001 362 001 363 001 364 001 365 001 366 001 367 001 368 001 369 001370 001 371 001 372 001 373 001 374 001 375 001 376 001 377 001 378 001 379 001380 001 381 001 382 001 383 001 384 001 385 001 386 001 387 001 388 001 389 001390 001 391 001 392 001 393 001 394 001 395 001 396 001 397 001 398 001 399 001Numberings 400 001 500 000 Edit 400 001 401 001 402 001 403 001 404 001 405 001 406 001 407 001 408 001 409 001410 001 411 001 412 001 413 001 414 001 415 001 416 001 417 001 418 001 419 001420 001 421 001 422 001 423 001 424 001 425 001 426 001 427 001 428 001 429 001430 001 431 001 432 001 433 001 434 001 435 001 436 001 437 001 438 001 439 001440 001 441 001 442 001 443 001 444 001 445 001 446 001 447 001 448 001 449 001450 001 451 001 452 001 453 001 454 001 455 001 456 001 457 001 458 001 459 001460 001 461 001 462 001 463 001 464 001 465 001 466 001 467 001 468 001 469 001470 001 471 001 472 001 473 001 474 001 475 001 476 001 477 001 478 001 479 001480 001 481 001 482 001 483 001 484 001 485 001 486 001 487 001 488 001 489 001490 001 491 001 492 001 493 001 494 001 495 001 496 001 497 001 498 001 499 001Numberings 500 001 600 000 Edit 500 001 501 001 502 001 503 001 504 001 505 001 506 001 507 001 508 001 509 001510 001 511 001 512 001 513 001 514 001 515 001 516 001 517 001 518 001 519 001520 001 521 001 522 001 523 001 524 001 525 001 526 001 527 001 528 001 529 001530 001 531 001 532 001 533 001 534 001 535 001 536 001 537 001 538 001 539 001540 001 541 001 542 001 543 001 544 001 545 001 546 001 547 001 548 001 549 001550 001 551 001 552 001 553 001 554 001 555 001 556 001 557 001 558 001 559 001560 001 561 001 562 001 563 001 564 001 565 001 566 001 567 001 568 001 569 001570 001 571 001 572 001 573 001 574 001 575 001 576 001 577 001 578 001 579 001580 001 581 001 582 001 583 001 584 001 585 001 586 001 587 001 588 001 589 001590 001 591 001 592 001 593 001 594 001 595 001 596 001 597 001 598 001 599 001Numberings 600 001 700 000 Edit 600 001 601 001 602 001 603 001 604 001 605 001 606 001 607 001 608 001 609 001610 001 611 001 612 001 613 001 614 001 615 001 616 001 617 001 618 001 619 001620 001 621 001 622 001 623 001 624 001 625 001 626 001 627 001 628 001 629 001630 001 631 001 632 001 633 001 634 001 635 001 636 001 637 001 638 001 639 001640 001 641 001 642 001 643 001 644 001 645 001 646 001 647 001 648 001 649 001650 001 651 001 652 001 653 001 654 001 655 001 656 001 657 001 658 001 659 001660 001 661 001 662 001 663 001 664 001 665 001 666 001 667 001 668 001 669 001670 001 671 001 672 001 673 001 674 001 675 001 676 001 677 001 678 001 679 001680 001 681 001 682 001 683 001 684 001 685 001 686 001 687 001 688 001 689 001690 001 691 001 692 001 693 001 694 001 695 001 696 001 697 001 698 001 699 001Specific lists EditFor an overview see Minor planet Category Lists of minor planets and Category Lists of asteroids Euler diagram showing the types of bodies in the Solar System see Small Solar System body The following are lists of minor planets by physical properties orbital properties or discovery circumstances List of exceptional asteroids physical properties List of slow rotators minor planets List of fast rotators minor planets List of tumblers small Solar System bodies List of instrument resolved minor planets List of Jupiter trojans Greek camp List of Jupiter trojans Trojan camp List of minor planets visited by spacecraft List of minor planet moons List of minor planet groups List of named minor planets alphabetical List of named minor planets numerical List of possible dwarf planets List of centaurs small Solar System bodies List of trans Neptunian objects List of unnumbered minor planets List of unnumbered trans Neptunian objects Meanings of minor planet names List of minor planets named after people List of minor planets named after places List of minor planets named after rivers List of minor planets named after animals and plantsSee also EditLists of astronomical objects Binary asteroid Dwarf planets consensus Pluto Eris Haumea Makemake Gonggong Quaoar Sedna Ceres Orcus Kuiper belt A major ring of bodies in the Solar System around 30 60 AU and home to Pluto Minor planet moon Trans Neptunian objectOther lists Edit List of comets Planet Objects formerly considered planetsNotes Edit There are two sources used to determine asteroid families by the synthetic hierarchical clustering method The first one Identification and Dynamical Properties of Asteroid Families D Nesvorny 2014 is used for asteroids up to number 393 347 The second one is from the Asteroid Dynamic Site AstDyS and covers the individual asteroid family membership for bodies above that number A Milani Z Knezevic 2014 including all listed bodies that have been numbered since last publication in 2018 Following 8 families from latter were mapped to family names of former Hertha Nysa Minerva Gefion Klytaemnestra Telramund Lydia Padua Innes Rafita Zdenekhorsky Nemesis Klumpkea Tirela Gantrisch Lixiaohua Harig Witt All other families not listed by Nesvorny at AstDyS do not show an abbreviated family name with a linked Family Identification Number FIN Instead listed entries for such members give the designation of their parent body e g 5 for 5 Astraea a b Split up of NEOs into Amor Aten Apollo and Atira asteroid is based on the orbital criteria given in adjunct table The data is sourced from JPL Small Body Orbital Elements Numbered Asteroids 50 MB file There are a few minor planets that remain unclassified based on the defined orbital criteria At least five of these bodies have a semi major axis too large to be an outer main belt asteroid and an orbit too eccentric to be classified as a Jupiter trojan JPL classifies these bodies simply as asteroids while the MPC which never distinguishes between inner outer and middle MBAs classifies them as main belt asteroids Other unclassified minor planets include Mars crossers as per MPC with a semi major axis of that of an outer MBA as per JPL This table adopts the orbital criteria used by the JPL Small Body Database with the exception of 1 using a different limit to categorize asteroids of the intermediate main belt i e a 2 5 2 82 AU and 2 adding another orbital criteria to outer MBAs q gt 1 666 AU The values for an object s perihelion and aphelion need to be derived from the semi major axis and the eccentricity as they are not provided in the data source q a 1 e Q a 1 e Diameters are calculated as a function of absolute magnitude H and geometric albedo p as documented at CNEOS While H is taken from the Ascii files at the Small Body Data Base the assumed albedo is taken from an asteroid family specific figure Nesvorny synthetic HCM v 3 as shown in table or alternatively for background asteroids Jupiter trojans near Earth and distant objects from the body s orbital parameters as per 2 Taxonomic Class orbital class and albedo at the LCDB and or Johnston s Archive This is 0 20 inner MBAs 0 14 NEOs 0 057 outer MBAs and Jupiter trojans 0 10 middle MBAs with a semi major axis between 2 6 and 2 7 AU 0 09 centaurs and TNOs The conversion formula for a given albedo and abs magnitude is pow 10 3 1236 0 5 log10 p 0 2 H References Edit a b c d Discovery Circumstances Numbered Minor Planets Minor Planet Center 17 October 2022 Retrieved 27 October 2022 MPC MPO MPS Archive Minor Planet Center Retrieved 27 October 2021 Latest Published Data Minor Planet Center 9 September 2022 Retrieved 27 October 2022 a b WGSBN Bulletin Archive Working Group Small Body Nomenclature 24 October 2022 a b Jones R Lynne Juric Mario Ivezic Zeljko January 2016 Asteroid Discovery and Characterization with the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope Asteroids New Observations 318 282 292 arXiv 1511 03199 Bibcode 2016IAUS 318 282J doi 10 1017 S1743921315008510 S2CID 8193676 Bidstrup P R Andersen A C Haack H Michelsen R August 2008 How to detect another 10 trillion small Main Belt asteroids Physica Scripta 130 014027 Bibcode 2008PhST 130a4027B doi 10 1088 0031 8949 2008 T130 014027 S2CID 121429332 Discovery Circumstances Numbered Minor Planets 185001 190000 Minor Planet Center Retrieved 27 May 2019 An opposition is the time when a body is at its furthest apparent point from the Sun and in this case is defined as the time when an asteroid is far enough from the Sun to be observed from the Earth In most cases this is about 4 to 6 months a year Some notable minor planets are exceptions to this rule such as 367943 Duende Cowen Ron 1 November 2002 Astronomers Rediscover Long Lost Asteroid Science News Retrieved 6 April 2018 Data Available from the Minor Planet Center Discovery circumstances of the numbered minor planets NumberedMPs txt 52 MB Minor Planet Center 27 October 2022 Minor Planet Discoverers by number Minor Planet Center 17 September 2022 Small Bodies Data Ferret Nesvorny HCM Asteroid Families V3 0 Retrieved 21 February 2019 List Of Jupiter Trojans Minor Planet Center 12 June 2022 a b Data Available from the Minor Planet Center MPCORB DAT Minor Planet Center 27 October 2022 doc List of the Potentially Hazardous Asteroids PHAs Minor Planet Center 21 June 2022 Johnston Wm Robert 2 January 2022 List of Known Trans Neptunian Objects Johnston s Archive Retrieved 12 July 2022 List Of Other Unusual Objects Minor Planet Center 21 June 2022 Johnston Wm Robert 18 June 2022 Asteroids with Satellites Johnston s Archive Warner Brian D Harris Alan W Pravec Petr July 2009 The asteroid lightcurve database Icarus 202 1 134 146 Bibcode 2009Icar 202 134W doi 10 1016 j icarus 2009 02 003 LCDB query form a b JPL Small Body Orbital Elements Numbered Asteroids 68 6 MB Jet Propulsion Laboratory Retrieved 12 July 2021 NEOWISE Diameters and Albedos PDS Small Bodies Node 11 March 2019 Retrieved 25 June 2019 Further reading EditDictionary of Minor Planet Names 5th ed Prepared on Behalf of Commission 20 Under the Auspices of the International Astronomical Union Lutz D Schmadel ISBN 3 540 00238 3 The Names of the Minor Planets Paul Herget 1968 OCLC 224288991External links EditHow Many Solar System Bodies Jet Propulsion Laboratory Small Body Database SBN Small Bodies Data Archive JPL Minor Planet Database for physical and orbital data of any Small Solar System Body or dwarf planet Scott Manley s timelapse animation of Asteroid Discovery 1980 2012 on YouTube min 3 13 Minor Planet CenterLists and plots Minor Planets MPC Discovery Circumstances minor planets by number CNEOS Center for Near Earth Object Studies NASA PDS Asteroid Data Archive Asteroid Hazards Part 1 What Makes an Asteroid a Hazard on YouTube min 6 04 Asteroid Hazards Part 2 The Challenge of Detection on YouTube min 7 14 Asteroid Hazards Part 3 Finding the Path on YouTube min 5 38 Portals Stars Spaceflight Outer space Science This article includes an astronomy related list of lists Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title List of minor planets amp oldid 1136201107, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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