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List of kings of Ebla

January 01, 1970

The list of kings of Ebla includes the known monarchs of Ebla who ruled three consecutive kingdoms. For the first kingdom's monarchs, tablets listing offerings to kings mention ten names,[1] and another list mentions 33 kings.[note 1][3][2] No kings are known from the second kingdom and all dates are estimates according to the Middle chronology.[4][5]

The list edit

 
Ibbit-Lim statue, dated to the third kingdom c. 2000 BC
 
Seated ruler, dated to the third kingdom, exhibited at the Cleveland Museum of Art
 
Prince Maratewari (left), crown prince of king Indilimma
Ruler Reigned Comments

The first kingdom

Sakume c. 3100 BC.[6] The first king ruled approximately 660 years before the destruction of the first kingdom; the year 2400 was used by Robert R Stieglitz as the date of the destruction resulting in the year c. 3100 BC for the beginning of Sakume's reign.[7]
Su (.) (...) Name damaged.[3]
Ladau
Abugar
Namnelanu
Dumudar
Ibla
Kulbanu
Assanu
Samiu
Zialu
Enmanu c. 2740 BC[4]
Namanu c. 2720 BC.[4]
Da (.) (.) c. 2700 BC.[4] Name damaged.[3]
Sagisu c. 2680 BC.[4]
Dane'um c. 2660 BC.[4]
Ibbini-Lim c. 2640 BC.[4]
Ishrut-Damu c. 2620 BC.[4]
Isidu c. 2600 BC.[4]
Isrut-Halam c. 2580 BC.[4]
Iksud c. 2560 BC.[4]
Talda-Lim c. 2540 BC.[4]
Abur-Lim c. 2520 BC.[4]
Agur-Lim c. 2500 BC.[4]
Ib-Damu I c. 2480 BC.[4] A seal bearing his name was found in Kültepe.[8]
Baga-Damu c. 2460 BC.[4]
Enar-Damu c. 2440 BC.[4] Amongst the most referenced deified kings in the offering lists.[6]
Eshar-Malik c. 2420 BC.[4]
Kun-Damu c. 2400 BC.[4]
Adub-Damu c. 2380 BC.[4] Short reign.[9]
Igrish-Halam c. 2360 BC.[4] Ruled 12 years.[10]
Irkab-Damu c. 2340 BC.[4] Ruled 11 or 12 years.[11] Died same year as Enna-Dagan of Mari[12]
Isar-Damu c. 2320 BC.[4] Ruled about 35 years.[11] Son of Irkab-Damu. His Queen was Tabur-Damu.[13]
Ir'ak-Damu A prince, might have ascended the throne for a short period.[3] Pottery seals of the Egyptian pharaoh Pepi I have been found in the destruction layer of the city.
The second dynasty - Ebla arose again for a time during the Ur III period (c. 2100 BC) though no ruler names are yet known. It may have been a vassal of Ur for a time.

The third kingdom

Igrish-Heba c. 2000 BC.[14]
Ibbit-Lim c. 2000 BC.[15]
Ib-Damu II c. 2000 BC.[14]
Immeya c. 1750 BC.[16] His grave is identified with the so-called "Tomb of the Lord of the Goats".[17]
Hammu(....) A successor of Immeya, not necessarily the direct one, the name was damaged but probably Hammurabi.[18]
Sir-Damu c. 1600 BC.[19]
Indilimma c. 1600 BC.[20]
Memal...arri? (Maratewari) c. 1600 BC.[14]

Notes edit

  1. ^ Tablet TM.74.G.120 discovered by Alfonso Archi.[2]

References edit

Citations edit

  1. ^ Bryce 2014, p. 16.
  2. ^ a b Stieglitz 2002, p. 218.
  3. ^ a b c d Stieglitz 2002, p. 219.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Hamblin 2006, p. 241.
  5. ^ Frayne 2008, p. 44.
  6. ^ a b Stieglitz 2002, p. 222.
  7. ^ Stieglitz 2002, p. 221.
  8. ^ Archi 2002, p. 25.
  9. ^ Dolce 2008, p. 68.
  10. ^ Frayne 2008, p. 3-16.
  11. ^ a b Archi 2011, p. 5.
  12. ^ Archi, Alfonso., "The Wars of Ebla at the Time of Minister Ibrium" Altorientalische Forschungen, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 189-220, 2021
  13. ^ Biga, Maria Giovanna., "The Reconstruction of a Relative Chronology for the Ebla Texts.", Orientalia, vol. 72, no. 4, pp. 345–67, 2003
  14. ^ a b c Archi 2015, p. 24.
  15. ^ Pettinato 1981, p. 27.
  16. ^ Aruz, Graff & Rakic 2013, p. 10.
  17. ^ Matthiae 2008, p. 35.
  18. ^ Matthiae 2010, p. 218.
  19. ^ Archi 2015, p. 20.
  20. ^ Matthiae 2006, p. 86.

Sources edit

  • Archi, Alfonso (2015). "A Royal Seal from Ebla (17th cent. B.C.) with Hittite Hieroglyphic Symbols". Orientalia. 84 (1). Gregorian Biblical Press: 18–28. JSTOR 26153279.
  • Alfonso Archi and Maria Giovanna Biga, "A Victory over Mari and the Fall of Ebla", Journal of Cuneiform Studies, vol. 55, pp. 1–44, 2003
  • Bryce, Trevor (2014). Ancient Syria: A Three Thousand Year History. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-100292-2.
  • Hamblin, William J. (2006). Warfare in the Ancient Near East to 1600 BC. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-52062-6.
  • Pettinato, Giovanni (1981). The archives of Ebla: an empire inscribed in clay. Doubleday. ISBN 978-0-385-13152-0.
  • Aruz, Joan; Graff, Sarah B.; Rakic, Yelena, eds. (2013). Cultures in Contact: From Mesopotamia to the Mediterranean in the Second Millennium B.C. Metropolitan Museum of Art. ISBN 978-1-58839-475-0.
  • Matthiae, Paolo (2006). "The Archaic Palace at Ebla: A Royal Building between Early Bronze Age IVB and Middle Bronze Age I". In Gitin, Seymour; Wright, J. Edward; Dessel, J. P. (eds.). Confronting the Past: Archaeological and Historical Essays on Ancient Israel in Honor of William G. Dever. Eisenbrauns. ISBN 978-1-57506-117-7.
  • Matthiae, Paolo (2010). Ebla: la città del trono : archeologia e storia. Piccola biblioteca Einaudi: Arte, architettura, teatro, cinema, música (in Italian). Vol. 492. Einaudi. ISBN 978-88-06-20258-3.
  • Matthiae, Paolo (2008). "Ebla". In Aruz, Joan; Benzel, Kim; Evans, Jean M. (eds.). Beyond Babylon: Art, Trade, and Diplomacy in the Second Millennium B.C.. Metropolitan Museum of Art. ISBN 978-1-58839-295-4.
  • Archi, Alfonso (2011). "In Search of Armi". Journal of Cuneiform Studies. 63. The American Schools of Oriental Research: 5–34. doi:10.5615/jcunestud.63.0005. ISSN 2325-6737. S2CID 163552750.
  • Frayne, Douglas (2008). Pre-Sargonic Period: Early Periods (2700–2350 BC). The Royal inscriptions of Mesopotamia Early Periods. Vol. 1. University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-1-4426-9047-9.
  • Stieglitz, Robert R. (2002). "The Deified Kings of Ebla". In Gordon, Cyrus Herzl; Rendsburg, Gary (eds.). Eblaitica: Essays on the Ebla Archives and Eblaite Language. Vol. 4. Eisenbrauns. ISBN 978-1-57506-060-6.
  • Archi, Alfonso (2002). "Formation of the West Hurrian Pantheon: The Case Of Ishara". In Yener, K. Aslihan; Hoffner, Harry A.; Dhesi, Simrit (eds.). Recent Developments in Hittite Archaeology and History. Eisenbrauns. ISBN 978-1-57506-053-8.
  • Dolce, Rita (2008). "Ebla before the Achievement of Palace G Culture: An Evaluation of the Early Syrian Archaic Period". In Kühne, Hartmut; Czichon, Rainer Maria; Kreppner, Florian Janoscha (eds.). Proceedings of the 4th International Congress of the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East, 29 March - 3 April 2004, Freie Universität Berlin. Vol. 2. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-05757-8.

January 01, 1970
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The list of kings of Ebla includes the known monarchs of Ebla who ruled three consecutive kingdoms For the first kingdom s monarchs tablets listing offerings to kings mention ten names 1 and another list mentions 33 kings note 1 3 2 No kings are known from the second kingdom and all dates are estimates according to the Middle chronology 4 5 Contents 1 The list 2 Notes 3 References 3 1 Citations 3 2 SourcesThe list edit nbsp Ibbit Lim statue dated to the third kingdom c 2000 BC nbsp Seated ruler dated to the third kingdom exhibited at the Cleveland Museum of Art nbsp Prince Maratewari left crown prince of king Indilimma Ruler Reigned Comments The first kingdom Sakume c 3100 BC 6 The first king ruled approximately 660 years before the destruction of the first kingdom the year 2400 was used by Robert R Stieglitz as the date of the destruction resulting in the year c 3100 BC for the beginning of Sakume s reign 7 Su Name damaged 3 Ladau Abugar Namnelanu Dumudar Ibla Kulbanu Assanu Samiu Zialu Enmanu c 2740 BC 4 Namanu c 2720 BC 4 Da c 2700 BC 4 Name damaged 3 Sagisu c 2680 BC 4 Dane um c 2660 BC 4 Ibbini Lim c 2640 BC 4 Ishrut Damu c 2620 BC 4 Isidu c 2600 BC 4 Isrut Halam c 2580 BC 4 Iksud c 2560 BC 4 Talda Lim c 2540 BC 4 Abur Lim c 2520 BC 4 Agur Lim c 2500 BC 4 Ib Damu I c 2480 BC 4 A seal bearing his name was found in Kultepe 8 Baga Damu c 2460 BC 4 Enar Damu c 2440 BC 4 Amongst the most referenced deified kings in the offering lists 6 Eshar Malik c 2420 BC 4 Kun Damu c 2400 BC 4 Adub Damu c 2380 BC 4 Short reign 9 Igrish Halam c 2360 BC 4 Ruled 12 years 10 Irkab Damu c 2340 BC 4 Ruled 11 or 12 years 11 Died same year as Enna Dagan of Mari 12 Isar Damu c 2320 BC 4 Ruled about 35 years 11 Son of Irkab Damu His Queen was Tabur Damu 13 Ir ak Damu A prince might have ascended the throne for a short period 3 Pottery seals of the Egyptian pharaoh Pepi I have been found in the destruction layer of the city The second dynasty Ebla arose again for a time during the Ur III period c 2100 BC though no ruler names are yet known It may have been a vassal of Ur for a time The third kingdom Igrish Heba c 2000 BC 14 Ibbit Lim c 2000 BC 15 Ib Damu II c 2000 BC 14 Immeya c 1750 BC 16 His grave is identified with the so called Tomb of the Lord of the Goats 17 Hammu A successor of Immeya not necessarily the direct one the name was damaged but probably Hammurabi 18 Sir Damu c 1600 BC 19 Indilimma c 1600 BC 20 Memal arri Maratewari c 1600 BC 14 Notes edit Tablet TM 74 G 120 discovered by Alfonso Archi 2 References editCitations edit Bryce 2014 p 16 a b Stieglitz 2002 p 218 a b c d Stieglitz 2002 p 219 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Hamblin 2006 p 241 Frayne 2008 p 44 a b Stieglitz 2002 p 222 Stieglitz 2002 p 221 Archi 2002 p 25 Dolce 2008 p 68 Frayne 2008 p 3 16 a b Archi 2011 p 5 Archi Alfonso The Wars of Ebla at the Time of Minister Ibrium Altorientalische Forschungen vol 48 no 2 pp 189 220 2021 Biga Maria Giovanna The Reconstruction of a Relative Chronology for the Ebla Texts Orientalia vol 72 no 4 pp 345 67 2003 a b c Archi 2015 p 24 Pettinato 1981 p 27 Aruz Graff amp Rakic 2013 p 10 Matthiae 2008 p 35 Matthiae 2010 p 218 Archi 2015 p 20 Matthiae 2006 p 86 Sources edit Archi Alfonso 2015 A Royal Seal from Ebla 17th cent B C with Hittite Hieroglyphic Symbols Orientalia 84 1 Gregorian Biblical Press 18 28 JSTOR 26153279 Alfonso Archi and Maria Giovanna Biga A Victory over Mari and the Fall of Ebla Journal of Cuneiform Studies vol 55 pp 1 44 2003 Bryce Trevor 2014 Ancient Syria A Three Thousand Year History Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 100292 2 Hamblin William J 2006 Warfare in the Ancient Near East to 1600 BC Routledge ISBN 978 1 134 52062 6 Pettinato Giovanni 1981 The archives of Ebla an empire inscribed in clay Doubleday ISBN 978 0 385 13152 0 Aruz Joan Graff Sarah B Rakic Yelena eds 2013 Cultures in Contact From Mesopotamia to the Mediterranean in the Second Millennium B C Metropolitan Museum of Art ISBN 978 1 58839 475 0 Matthiae Paolo 2006 The Archaic Palace at Ebla A Royal Building between Early Bronze Age IVB and Middle Bronze Age I In Gitin Seymour Wright J Edward Dessel J P eds Confronting the Past Archaeological and Historical Essays on Ancient Israel in Honor of William G Dever Eisenbrauns ISBN 978 1 57506 117 7 Matthiae Paolo 2010 Ebla la citta del trono archeologia e storia Piccola biblioteca Einaudi Arte architettura teatro cinema musica in Italian Vol 492 Einaudi ISBN 978 88 06 20258 3 Matthiae Paolo 2008 Ebla In Aruz Joan Benzel Kim Evans Jean M eds Beyond Babylon Art Trade and Diplomacy in the Second Millennium B C Metropolitan Museum of Art ISBN 978 1 58839 295 4 Archi Alfonso 2011 In Search of Armi Journal of Cuneiform Studies 63 The American Schools of Oriental Research 5 34 doi 10 5615 jcunestud 63 0005 ISSN 2325 6737 S2CID 163552750 Frayne Douglas 2008 Pre Sargonic Period Early Periods 2700 2350 BC The Royal inscriptions of Mesopotamia Early Periods Vol 1 University of Toronto Press ISBN 978 1 4426 9047 9 Stieglitz Robert R 2002 The Deified Kings of Ebla In Gordon Cyrus Herzl Rendsburg Gary eds Eblaitica Essays on the Ebla Archives and Eblaite Language Vol 4 Eisenbrauns ISBN 978 1 57506 060 6 Archi Alfonso 2002 Formation of the West Hurrian Pantheon The Case Of Ishara In Yener K Aslihan Hoffner Harry A Dhesi Simrit eds Recent Developments in Hittite Archaeology and History Eisenbrauns ISBN 978 1 57506 053 8 Dolce Rita 2008 Ebla before the Achievement of Palace G Culture An Evaluation of the Early Syrian Archaic Period In Kuhne Hartmut Czichon Rainer Maria Kreppner Florian Janoscha eds Proceedings of the 4th International Congress of the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East 29 March 3 April 2004 Freie Universitat Berlin Vol 2 Otto Harrassowitz Verlag ISBN 978 3 447 05757 8 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title List of kings of Ebla amp oldid 1154131808, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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