List of captains regent of San Marino

The captains regent (Italian: Capitani reggenti, sing. Capitano reggente) are the two heads of state of the Republic of San Marino. They are elected every six months by the Grand and General Council, the country's legislative body. Normally the Regents are chosen from opposing parties and they serve a six-month term. The investiture of the captains regent takes place on 1 April and 1 October every year. This tradition dates back at least to 1243.^[1]

Former Captains Regent Mirko Tomassoni, Alessandro Rossi, Alessandro Mancini and Alberto Selva (from left to right)

Former Captains Regent Francesco Mussoni (left) and Giacomo Simoncini

The practice of dual heads of government (diarchy) is derived directly from the customs of the Roman Republic, equivalent to the consuls of ancient Rome.^[2]

1243–1500

Main article: List of captains regent of San Marino, 1243–1500

1500–1700

Main article: List of captains regent of San Marino, 1500–1700

1700–1900

Main article: List of captains regent of San Marino, 1700–1900

1900–2020

1900–2020

Year	Semester^[a]	Captain Regent One	Captain Regent Two
1900	April	Domenico Fattori	Antonio Righi
	October	Giovanni Bonelli	Pietro Ugolini
1901	April	Luigi Tonnini	Marino Nicolini
	October	Antonio Bellucci	Pasquale Busignani
1902	April	Onofrio Fattori	Egidio Ceccoli
	October	Gemino Gozi	Giacomo Marcucci
1903	April	Federico Gozi	Nullo Balducci
	October	Marino Borbiconi	Francesco Marcucci
1904	April	Menetto Bonelli	Vincenzo Mularoni
	October	Luigi Tonnini	Gustavo Babboni
1905	April	Antonio Bellucci	Pasquale Busignani
	October	Onofrio Fattori	Piermatteo Carattoni
1906	April	Giovanni Belluzzi	Pietro Francini
	October	Alfredo Reffi	Giovanni Arzilli
1907	April	Ciro Belluzzi	Francesco Pasquali
	October	Giuseppe Angeli	Francesco Valli
1908	April	Menetto Bonelli	Gustavo Babboni
	October	Olinto Amati	Raffaele Michetti
1909	April	Luigi Tonnini	Domenico Suzzi Valli
	October	Marino Borbiconi	Giacomo Marcucci
1910	April	Alfredo Reffi	Giovanni Arzilli
	October	Giovanni Belluzzi	Luigi Lonfernini
1911	April	Moro Morri	Cesare Stacchini
	October	Onofrio Fattori	Angelo Manzoni Borghesi
1912	April	Gustavo Babboni	Francesco Pasquali
	October	Menetto Bonelli	Vincenzo Marcucci
1913	April	Giuseppe Angeli	Ignazio Grazia
	October	Cirro Belluzzi	Domenico Suzzi Valli
1914	April	Domenico Fattori	Ferruccio Martelli
	October	Olinto Amati	Cesare Stacchini
1915	April	Moro Morri	Antonio Burgagni
	October	Alfredo Reffi	Luigi Lonfernini
1916	April	Onofrio Fattori	Ciro Francini
	October	Gustavo Babboni	Giovanni Arzilli
1917	April	Egisto Morri	Vincenzo Marcucci
	October	Angelo Manzoni Borghesi	Giuseppe Balducci
1918	April	Ferruccio Martelli	Ermenegildo Mularoni
	October	Protogene Belloni	Francesco Morri
1919	April	Domenico Vicini	Pietro Suzzi Valli
	October	Moro Morri	Francesco Pasquali
1920	April	Marino Rossi	Ciro Francini
	5 December	Carlo Balsimelli	Simone Michelotti
1921	April	Marino Della Balda	Vincenzo Francini
	October	Egisto Morri	Giuseppe Lanci
1922	April	Eugenio Reffi	Giovanni Arzilli
	October	Onofrio Fattori	Giuseppe Balducci
1923	April	Giuliano Gozi	Filippo Mularoni
	October	Marino Borbiconi	Mario Michetti
1924	April	Angelo Manzoni Borghesi	Francesco Mularoni
	October	Francesco Morri	Girolamo Gozi
1925	April	Marino Fattori	Augusto Mularoni
	October	Valerio Pasquali	Marco Marcucci
1926	April	Manlio Gozi	Giuseppe Mularoni
	October	Giuliano Gozi	Ruggero Morri
1927	April	Gino Gozi	Marino Morri
	October	Marino Rossi	Nelson Burgagni
1928	April	Domenico Suzzi Valli	Francesco Pasquali
	October	Francesco Morri	Melchiorre Filippi
1929	April	Girolamo Gozi	Filippo Mularoni
	October	Ezio Balducci	Aldo Busignani
1930	April	Manlio Gozi	Marino Lonfernini (died 10 September) Turiddu Foschi (since 16 September)
	October	Valerio Pasquali	Gino Ceccoli
1931	April	Angelo Manzoni Borghesi	Francesco Mularoni
	October	Domenico Suzzi Valli	Marino Morri
1932	April	Giuliano Gozi	Pompeo Righi
	October	Gino Gozi	Ruggero Morri
1933	April	Francesco Morri	Settimio Belluzzi
	October	Carlo Balsimelli	Melchiorre Filippi
1934	April	Marino Rossi	Giovanni Lonfernini
	October	Angelo Manzoni Borghesi	Marino Michelotti
1935	April	Federico Gozi	Salvatore Foschi
	October	Pompeo Righi	Marino Morri
1936	April	Gino Gozi	Ruggero Morri
	October	Francesco Morri	Gino Ceccoli
1937	April	Giuliano Gozi	Settimio Belluzzi
	October	Marino Rossi	Giovanni Lonfernini
1938	April	Manlio Gozi	Luigi Mularoni
	October	Carlo Balsimelli	Celio Gozi
1939	April	Pompeo Righi	Marino Morri
	October	Marino Michelotti	Orlando Reffi
1940	April	Angelo Manzoni Borghesi	Filippo Mularoni
	October	Federico Gozi	Salvatore Foschi
1941	April	Gino Gozi	Secondo Menicucci
	October	Giuliano Gozi	Giovanni Lonfernini
1942	April	Settimio Belluzzi	Celio Gozi
	October	Carlo Balsimelli	Renato Martelli
1943	April	Marino Michelotti	Bartolomeo Manzoni Borghesi
	October	Marino Della Balda	Sante Lonfernini
1944	April	Francesco Balsimelli	Sanzio Valentini
	October	Teodoro Lonfernini	Leonida Suzzi Valli
1945	April	Alvaro Casali	Vittorio Valentini
	October	Ferruccio Martelli	Secondo Fiorini
1946	April	Giuseppe Forcellini	Vincenzo Pedini
	October	Filippo Martelli	Luigi Montironi
1947	April	Marino Della Balda	Luigi Zafferani
	October	Domenico Forcellini	Mariano Ceccoli
1948	April	Arnaldo Para	Giuseppe Renzi
	October	Giordano Giacomini	Domenico Tomassoni
1949	April	Ferruccio Martelli	Primo Bugli
	October	Vincenzo Pedini	Agostino Biordi
1950	April	Giuseppe Forcellini	Primo Taddei
	October	Marino Della Balda	Luigi Montironi
1951	April	Alvaro Casali	Romolo Giacomini
	October	Domenico Forcellini	Giovanni Terenzi
1952	April	Domenico Morganti	Mariano Ceccoli
	October	Arnaldo Para	Eugenio Bernardini
1953	April	Vincenzo Pedini	Alberto Reffi
	October	Giordano Giacomini	Giuseppe Renzi
1954	April	Giuseppe Forcellini	Secondo Fiorini
	October	Agostino Giacomini	Luigi Montironi
1955	April	Domenico Forcellini	Vittorio Meloni
	October	Primo Bugli	Giuseppe Maiani
1956	April	Mario Nanni	Enrico Andreoli
	October	Mariano Ceccoli	Eugenio Bernardini
1957	April	Giordano Giacomini	Primo Marani
	10 October	Provisional Government: Federico Bigi, Alvaro Casali, Pietro Giancecchi, Zaccaria Giovanni Savoretti
	27 October	Marino Valdes Franciosi	Federico Micheloni
1958	April	Zaccaria Giovanni Savoretti	Stelio Montironi
	October	Domenico Forcellini	Pietro Reffi
1959	April	Marino Benedetto Belluzzi	Agostino Biordi
	October	Giuseppe Forcellini	Ferruccio Piva
1960	April	Alvaro Casali	Gino Vannucci
	October	Eugenio Reffi	Pietro Giancecchi
1961	April	Federico Micheloni	Giancarlo Ghironzi
	October	Giovanni Vito Marcucci	Pio Galassi
1962	April	Domenico Forcellini	Francesco Valli
	October	Antonio Maria Morganti	Agostino Biordi
1963	April	Leonida Suzzi Valli	Stelio Montironi
	October	Giovan Luigi Franciosi	Domenico Bollini
1964	April	Marino Benedetto Belluzzi	Eusebio Reffi
	October	Giuseppe Micheloni	Pier Marino Mularoni
1965	April	Ferruccio Piva	Federico Carattoni
	October	Alvaro Casali	Pietro Reffi
1966	April	Francesco Valli	Emilio Della Balda
	October	Giovanni Vito Marcucci	Francesco Maria Francini
1967	April	Vittorio Rossini	Alberto Lonfernini
	October	Domenico Forcellini	Romano Michelotti
1968	April	Marino Benedetto Belluzzi	Dante Rossi
	October	Pietro Giancecchi	Aldo Zavoli
1969	April	Ferruccio Piva	Stelio Montironi
	October	Alvaro Casali	Giancarlo Ghironzi
1970	April	Francesco Valli	Eusebio Reffi
	October	Simone Rossini	Giuseppe Lonfernini
1971	April	Luigi Lonfernini	Attilio Montanari
	October	Federico Carattoni	Marino Vagnetti
1972	April	Marino Benedetto Belluzzi	Giuseppe Micheloni
	October	Rosolino Martelli	Bruno Casali
1973	April	Francesco Maria Francini	Primo Bugli
	October	Antonio Lazzaro Volpinari	Giovan Luigi Franciosi
1974	April	Ferruccio Piva	Giordano Bruno Reffi
	October	Francesco Valli	Enrico Andreoli
1975	April	Alberto Cecchetti	Michele Righi
	October	Giovanni Vito Marcucci	Giuseppe Della Balda
1976	April	Clelio Galassi	Marino Venturini
	October	Primo Bugli	Virgilio Cardelli
1977	April	Alberto Lonfernini	Antonio Lazzaro Volpinari
	October	Giordano Bruno Reffi	Tito Masi
1978	April	Francesco Valli	Enrico Andreoli
	October	Ermenegildo Gasperoni	Adriano Reffi
1979	April	Marino Bollini	Lino Celli
	October	Giuseppe Amici	Germano De Biagi
1980	April	Pietro Chiaruzzi	Primo Marani
	October	Giancarlo Berardi	Rossano Zafferani
1981	April	Gastone Pasolini	Maria Lea Pedini-Angelini
	October	Mario Rossi	Ubaldo Biordi
1982	April	Giuseppe Maiani	Marino Venturini
	October	Libero Barulli	Maurizio Gobbi
1983	April	Adriano Reffi	Massimo Roberto Rossini
	October	Renzo Renzi	Germano De Biagi
1984	April	Gloriana Ranocchini	Giorgio Crescentini
	October	Marino Bollini	Giuseppe Amici
1985	April	Enzo Colombini	Severiano Tura
	October	Pier Paolo Gasperoni	Ubaldo Biordi
1986	April	Marino Venturini	Ariosto Maiani
	October	Giuseppe Arzilli	Maurizio Tomassoni
1987	April	Renzo Renzi	Carlo Franciosi
	October	Rossano Zafferani	Gianfranco Terenzi
1988	April	Umberto Barulli	Rosolino Martelli
	October	Luciano Cardelli	Reves Salvatori
1989	April	Mauro Fiorini	Marino Vagnetti
	October	Gloriana Ranocchini	Leo Achilli
1990	April	Adalmiro Bartolini	Ottaviano Rossi
	October	Cesare Gasperoni	Roberto Bucci
1991	April	Domenico Bernardini	Claudio Podeschi
	October	Edda Ceccoli	Marino Riccardi
1992	April	Germano De Biagi	Ernesto Benedettini
	October	Romeo Morri	Marino Zanotti
1993	April	Patrizia Busignani	Salvatore Tonelli
	October	Gian Luigi Berti	Paride Andreoli
1994	April	Alberto Cecchetti	Fausto Mularoni
	October	Renzo Ghiotti	Luciano Ciavatta
1995	April	Marino Bollini	Settimio Lonfernini
	October	Pier Natalino Mularoni	Marino Venturini
1996	April	Pier Paolo Gasperoni	Pietro Bugli
	October	Maurizio Rattini	Gian Carlo Venturini
1997	April	Paride Andreoli	Pier Marino Mularoni
	October	Luigi Mazza	Marino Zanotti
1998	April	Alberto Cecchetti	Loris Francini
	October	Pietro Berti	Paolo Bollini
1999	April	Antonello Bacciocchi	Rosa Zafferani
	October	Marino Bollini	Giuseppe Arzilli
2000	April	Maria Domenica Michelotti	Gian Marco Marcucci
	October	Gianfranco Terenzi	Enzo Colombini
2001	April	Luigi Lonfernini	Fabio Berardi
	October	Alberto Cecchetti	Gino Giovagnoli
2002	April	Antonio Lazzaro Volpinari	Giovanni Francesco Ugolini
	October	Mauro Chiaruzzi	Giuseppe Maria Morganti
2003	April	Pier Marino Menicucci	Giovanni Giannoni
	October	Giovanni Lonfernini	Valeria Ciavatta
2004	April	Paolo Bollini	Marino Riccardi
	October	Giuseppe Arzilli	Roberto Raschi
2005	April	Fausta Morganti	Cesare Gasperoni
	October	Claudio Muccioli	Antonello Bacciocchi
2006	April	Gianfranco Terenzi	Loris Francini
	October	Antonio Carattoni	Roberto Giorgetti
2007	April	Alessandro Mancini	Alessandro Rossi
	October	Mirko Tomassoni	Alberto Selva
2008	April	Rosa Zafferani	Federico Pedini Amati
	October	Ernesto Benedettini	Assunta Meloni
2009	April	Oscar Mina	Massimo Cenci
	October	Stefano Palmieri	Francesco Mussoni
2010	April	Marco Conti	Glauco Sansovini
	October	Giovanni Francesco Ugolini	Andrea Zafferani
2011	April	Maria Luisa Berti	Filippo Tamagnini
	October	Gabriele Gatti	Matteo Fiorini
2012	April	Italo Righi	Maurizio Rattini
	October	Teodoro Lonfernini	Denise Bronzetti
2013	April	Antonella Mularoni	Denis Amici
	October	Gian Carlo Capicchioni	Anna Maria Muccioli
2014	April	Valeria Ciavatta	Luca Beccari
	October	Gianfranco Terenzi	Guerrino Zanotti
2015	April	Andrea Belluzzi	Roberto Venturini
	October	Lorella Stefanelli	Nicola Renzi
2016	April	Massimo Andrea Ugolini	Gian Nicola Berti
	October	Marino Riccardi	Fabio Berardi
2017	April	Mimma Zavoli	Vanessa D'Ambrosio
	October	Enrico Carattoni	Matteo Fiorini
2018	April	Stefano Palmieri	Matteo Ciacci
	October	Mirko Tomassoni	Luca Santolini
2019	April	Nicola Selva	Michele Muratori
	October	Luca Boschi	Mariella Mularoni

Since 2020

Since 2020

Year	Semester^[a]	Captain Regent One	Captain Regent Two
2020	April	Alessandro Mancini	Grazia Zafferani
	October	Alessandro Cardelli	Mirko Dolcini
2021	April	Gian Carlo Venturini	Marco Nicolini
	October	Francesco Mussoni	Giacomo Simoncini
2022	April	Oscar Mina	Paolo Rondelli
	October	Maria Luisa Berti	Manuel Ciavatta
2023	April	Alessandro Scarano	Adele Tonnini
	October	TBD	TBD

See also

• Politics of San Marino
• Diarchy

Footnotes

1. The six-month term of the captains regent starts on the first day of the month listed (1 April, 1 October), unless another date is indicated

References

1. "Captains Regent — Repubblica di San Marino, portale ufficiale". Retrieved 31 January 2016.
2. Dall’Università di Urbino alla Reggenza di San Marino: “Io, il più giovane Capo di stato al mondo”. IFG Urbino (in Italian). Published 19 March 2018. Retrieved 1 October 2021.