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List of Yakshagana plays in the Kannada language

October 23, 2023

Main article: Yakshagana

Yakshagana (lit. "Songs of the demi-gods") is a composite folk-dance-drama or folk theater of southern India which combines literature, music, dance and painting. The best-known forms of this art, written in the Kannada language, are from the Dakshina Kannada, Udupi district, Uttara Kannada and to some extent from the Shimoga district of modern Karnataka.[1][2][3] According to the Kannada playwright and Yakshagana researcher Shivarama Karanth, there are over one hundred such plays written in Kannada in the past few centuries though not more than fifty have been staged and gained popularity.[4] The metrical forms used to compose these plays are usually native Kannada forms such as dvipadi (couplet, 2-line verse), caupadi (4-line verse), sangatya (also 4-line) and three or four types of shatpadi (6-line verse). Some Sanskritic metrical forms, such as the vrattas (4 line verse) and kandas (chapter) were also used for composition. The composed lines lend themselves to tala (beats) and are hence suitable for dance-dramas.[5]

There are a variety of dance-dramas collectively termed as Yakshagana. The Yakshagana Tenkutittu (lit. "Yakshagana of the southern style") is popular primarily in the Mangalore region and the Yakshagana Badagatittu Bayalaata (lit. "Yakshagana of northern style performed outdoors") is popular in Udupi and surrounding regions.[6] Other art forms also grouped under Yakshagana are the Nagamandalam, a dance meant to appease the deity Naga, and a variety of bhuta (spirit) dances.[2] The "Yakshagana Tenkutittu" is more akin to the classical Kathakali of Kerala.[2] According to Karanth, the region between Udupi and Ikkeri could be where the Yakshagana of the northern style originated.[7] Based on internal evidence, Karanth dates these plays to about a 100 years prior to their earliest available copy.[8] This list is not exhaustive. Many plays never reached the stage and among those that did, several plays may not have gained popularity or may longer be popular. Aliya Lingaraja, a member of the Mysore royal family and a writer in the Mysore court wrote more than forty plays which are not in this list.[9]

From about the 1960s, the Kannada Yakshaganas of the Tenkutittu style (southern style) have been replaced almost entirely by the Tulu language. According to Muthukumaraswamy and Kaushal this appears to be a form of "protest" against playing the traditional themes in Kannada taken from classical sources and a preference for local folk themes in Tulu language.[10]

The list Edit

Noted Yakshagana plays in the Kannada language
Play Author Location Period Earliest available copy
Sugriva Vijaya[11] Kandukuru Rudrakavi 16th century ~1550
Virata Parva[12] Vishnu Varamballi Brahmavara 16th century 1564
Banasura Kalaga[12] Vishnu Varamballi 1683
Indra Kilaka[12] Vishnu Varamballi 1678
Sambarasura Kalaga[12] Subramanya Nagire Gersoppa 16th century 1623
Ravanodbhava[12] Subramanya Nagire 16th-17th century
Krsna Sandhana[13] Devidasa Barkur or Udupi 16th century 1665
Bhisma Parva[13] Devidasa 1692
Abhimanyu Kalaga[13] Devidasa 1695
Saindhava Vadha[13] Devidasa 16th-17th century
Chitrasena Kalaga[13] Devidasa 1695
Girija Kalyana[13] Devidasa 16th-17th century
Krsnarjuna Putrakamesti[13] Devidasa 1618
Indra Kilaka[13] Devidasa 16th-17th century
Devi Mahatme[13] Devidasa 16th-17th century
Babhruvahana Kalaga[13] Devidasa 1647
Sri Krsna Balalila[13] Devidasa 16th-17th century
Venkatesa Mahatme[13] Devidasa 16th-17th century
Krsnarjuna Kalaga[14] Venkata Pandesvar 16th century 1663
Tamradhavaja Kalaga[15] Rama Sivapura 16th century 1691
Putrakamesti[16] Anonymous 1652
Rukmini Swayamvara[8] Anonymous 1678
Panchavati[8] Anonymous 1657
Pattabhisheka[16] Anonymous 1657
Kumbhakarna Vadha[16] Anonymous 1652
Sabha Lakshana[16] Anonymous 1623
Airavata[16] Anonymous 1646
Kusalava[16] Anonymous 1735
Krsna Balalila[16] Anonymous 1652
Putrakamesti[16] Anonymous 1651
Babhrvahana Kalaga[16] Anonymous 17th century
Chandravali[17] Nagappayya Dvajapura 17th century 1703
Nala Damayanti[17] Nagappayya 17th-18th century
Ghatotkaca[17] Nagappayya 17th-18th century
Gayacharitre[18] Halemakki Rama Halemakki 17th century 1618
Lava Kusa[19] Rama Bhatta Hattiangadi 17th century 17th-18th century
Draupadi Swayamvara[19] Rama Bhatta 17th-18th century
Atikaya[19] Rama Bhatta 17th-18th century
Subhadra Kalyana[19] Rama Bhatta 1716
Druva Charitre[19] Rama Bhatta 17th-18th century
Rati Kalyana[19] Rama Bhatta 17th-18th century
Kamsa Vadha[19] Rama Bhatta 17th-18th century
Billa Habba[19] Rama Bhatta 17th-18th century
Draupadi Vastrapaharana[19] Rama Bhatta 17th-18th century
Rajasuya[19] Rama Bhatta 17th-18th century
Sulochana Charite[19] Rama Bhatta 17th-18th century
Setu Madhava[19] Rama Bhatta 17th-18th century
Sesha Garvapaharana[19] Rama Bhatta 17th-18th century
Girija Vilasa[19] Rama Bhatta 17th-18th century
Indrajitu Kalaga[19] Rama Bhatta 17th-18th century
Kanakangi Kalyana[20] Nityananda Avadhuta Not Known 17th century 1683
Parijata[20] Subba Ajapura Brahmavara 18th century 1698-1715
Rukmini Svayamvara[20] Subba Ajapura 1698-1715
Mairavana Kalaga[21] Venkata Ajapura Brahmavara 18th century 1726
Manasa Charite[21] Venkanna Mulki 18th century 1750
Samudra Mathana[21] Vasudeva Prabhu Mulki 18th century 18th century
Chandrahasa-Billahabba[21] Vasudeva Prabhu 1814
Kamsa Vadhe[21] Vasudeva Prabhu 18th century
Radha Vilasa[21] Vasudeva Prabhu 18th century
Rajasuya[9] Bhima Uttara Kannada 19th century 19th century
Prahalada charite[9] Mayyavati Venkata Mangalore 19th century 19th century
Bhisma Parva[9] Yennemadi Venkataramanayya Shirali 19th century 19th century
Putrakamesti[9] Gersoppe Santappayya Gersoppa 19th century 1850
Karnarjuna Kalaga[9] Gersoppe Santappayya 1850
Ratnavati Kalyana[22] Lakshminaranappa Nandalike 19th century 19th century
Kumara Vijaya[22] Lakshminaranappa 19th century
Bhisma Vijaya[23] Narasimha Sastry Tirthahalli 20th century 20th century
Vidyunmati Kalyana[23] Narasimha Sastry 20th century

Notes Edit

  1. ^ Sahitya Akademi (1992), p. 4621
  2. ^ a b c Ashton (2003), p. 17–18, p. 27
  3. ^ Brandon and Banham (1993), p. 115
  4. ^ Karantha (1997), p.69
  5. ^ Ashton (2003), p. 17
  6. ^ Karantha in Ashton (2003), pp. 21–22
  7. ^ a b c Karantha (1997), p.151
  8. ^ a b c d e f Karantha (1997), p.173
  9. ^ Muthukumaraswamy, Kaushal (2014), p.174
  10. ^ Ashton (2003), p. 21–22
  11. ^ a b c d e Karantha (1997), p.162
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Karantha (1997), p.163
  13. ^ Karantha (1997), p.164
  14. ^ Karantha (1997), p.169
  15. ^ a b c d e f g h i Karantha (1997), p.165
  16. ^ a b c Karantha (1997), p.167
  17. ^ Karantha (1997), pp.167–168
  18. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Karantha (1997), p.170
  19. ^ a b c Karantha (1997), p.171
  20. ^ a b c d e f Karantha (1997), p.172
  21. ^ a b Karantha (1997), pp.173-174
  22. ^ a b Karantha (1997), p.174

References Edit

  • Karantha, K Shivarama (1997) [1997]. Yakṣagāna. New Delhi: Abhinav Publications. ISBN 81-7017-357-4.
  • Ashton, Martha Bush (2003) [2003]. "History of Yakshagana". Yakshagana. Abhinav Publications. ISBN 81-7017-047-8.
  • Muthukumaraswamy, Kaushal, M. D., Molly (2014) [2014]. Folklore, Public Sphere, and Civil Society. New Delhi: Indira Gandhi National Center. ISBN 978-81-901481-4-6.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Brandon, James R; Banham, Martin (1993) [1993]. The Cambridge Guide to Asian Theatre. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-58822-7.
  • Various (1992) [1992]. Encyclopaedia of Indian literature. Sahitya Akademi. ISBN 81-260-1221-8.

October 23, 2023
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Main article Yakshagana Yakshagana lit Songs of the demi gods is a composite folk dance drama or folk theater of southern India which combines literature music dance and painting The best known forms of this art written in the Kannada language are from the Dakshina Kannada Udupi district Uttara Kannada and to some extent from the Shimoga district of modern Karnataka 1 2 3 According to the Kannada playwright and Yakshagana researcher Shivarama Karanth there are over one hundred such plays written in Kannada in the past few centuries though not more than fifty have been staged and gained popularity 4 The metrical forms used to compose these plays are usually native Kannada forms such as dvipadi couplet 2 line verse caupadi 4 line verse sangatya also 4 line and three or four types of shatpadi 6 line verse Some Sanskritic metrical forms such as the vrattas 4 line verse and kandas chapter were also used for composition The composed lines lend themselves to tala beats and are hence suitable for dance dramas 5 There are a variety of dance dramas collectively termed as Yakshagana The Yakshagana Tenkutittu lit Yakshagana of the southern style is popular primarily in the Mangalore region and the Yakshagana Badagatittu Bayalaata lit Yakshagana of northern style performed outdoors is popular in Udupi and surrounding regions 6 Other art forms also grouped under Yakshagana are the Nagamandalam a dance meant to appease the deity Naga and a variety of bhuta spirit dances 2 The Yakshagana Tenkutittu is more akin to the classical Kathakali of Kerala 2 According to Karanth the region between Udupi and Ikkeri could be where the Yakshagana of the northern style originated 7 Based on internal evidence Karanth dates these plays to about a 100 years prior to their earliest available copy 8 This list is not exhaustive Many plays never reached the stage and among those that did several plays may not have gained popularity or may longer be popular Aliya Lingaraja a member of the Mysore royal family and a writer in the Mysore court wrote more than forty plays which are not in this list 9 From about the 1960s the Kannada Yakshaganas of the Tenkutittu style southern style have been replaced almost entirely by the Tulu language According to Muthukumaraswamy and Kaushal this appears to be a form of protest against playing the traditional themes in Kannada taken from classical sources and a preference for local folk themes in Tulu language 10 The list EditNoted Yakshagana plays in the Kannada language Play Author Location Period Earliest available copySugriva Vijaya 11 Kandukuru Rudrakavi 16th century 1550Virata Parva 12 Vishnu Varamballi Brahmavara 16th century 1564Banasura Kalaga 12 Vishnu Varamballi 1683Indra Kilaka 12 Vishnu Varamballi 1678Sambarasura Kalaga 12 Subramanya Nagire Gersoppa 16th century 1623Ravanodbhava 12 Subramanya Nagire 16th 17th centuryKrsna Sandhana 13 Devidasa Barkur or Udupi 16th century 1665Bhisma Parva 13 Devidasa 1692Abhimanyu Kalaga 13 Devidasa 1695Saindhava Vadha 13 Devidasa 16th 17th centuryChitrasena Kalaga 13 Devidasa 1695Girija Kalyana 13 Devidasa 16th 17th centuryKrsnarjuna Putrakamesti 13 Devidasa 1618Indra Kilaka 13 Devidasa 16th 17th centuryDevi Mahatme 13 Devidasa 16th 17th centuryBabhruvahana Kalaga 13 Devidasa 1647Sri Krsna Balalila 13 Devidasa 16th 17th centuryVenkatesa Mahatme 13 Devidasa 16th 17th centuryKrsnarjuna Kalaga 14 Venkata Pandesvar 16th century 1663Tamradhavaja Kalaga 15 Rama Sivapura 16th century 1691Putrakamesti 16 Anonymous 1652Rukmini Swayamvara 8 Anonymous 1678Panchavati 8 Anonymous 1657Pattabhisheka 16 Anonymous 1657Kumbhakarna Vadha 16 Anonymous 1652Sabha Lakshana 16 Anonymous 1623Airavata 16 Anonymous 1646Kusalava 16 Anonymous 1735Krsna Balalila 16 Anonymous 1652Putrakamesti 16 Anonymous 1651Babhrvahana Kalaga 16 Anonymous 17th centuryChandravali 17 Nagappayya Dvajapura 17th century 1703Nala Damayanti 17 Nagappayya 17th 18th centuryGhatotkaca 17 Nagappayya 17th 18th centuryGayacharitre 18 Halemakki Rama Halemakki 17th century 1618Lava Kusa 19 Rama Bhatta Hattiangadi 17th century 17th 18th centuryDraupadi Swayamvara 19 Rama Bhatta 17th 18th centuryAtikaya 19 Rama Bhatta 17th 18th centurySubhadra Kalyana 19 Rama Bhatta 1716Druva Charitre 19 Rama Bhatta 17th 18th centuryRati Kalyana 19 Rama Bhatta 17th 18th centuryKamsa Vadha 19 Rama Bhatta 17th 18th centuryBilla Habba 19 Rama Bhatta 17th 18th centuryDraupadi Vastrapaharana 19 Rama Bhatta 17th 18th centuryRajasuya 19 Rama Bhatta 17th 18th centurySulochana Charite 19 Rama Bhatta 17th 18th centurySetu Madhava 19 Rama Bhatta 17th 18th centurySesha Garvapaharana 19 Rama Bhatta 17th 18th centuryGirija Vilasa 19 Rama Bhatta 17th 18th centuryIndrajitu Kalaga 19 Rama Bhatta 17th 18th centuryKanakangi Kalyana 20 Nityananda Avadhuta Not Known 17th century 1683Parijata 20 Subba Ajapura Brahmavara 18th century 1698 1715Rukmini Svayamvara 20 Subba Ajapura 1698 1715Mairavana Kalaga 21 Venkata Ajapura Brahmavara 18th century 1726Manasa Charite 21 Venkanna Mulki 18th century 1750Samudra Mathana 21 Vasudeva Prabhu Mulki 18th century 18th centuryChandrahasa Billahabba 21 Vasudeva Prabhu 1814Kamsa Vadhe 21 Vasudeva Prabhu 18th centuryRadha Vilasa 21 Vasudeva Prabhu 18th centuryRajasuya 9 Bhima Uttara Kannada 19th century 19th centuryPrahalada charite 9 Mayyavati Venkata Mangalore 19th century 19th centuryBhisma Parva 9 Yennemadi Venkataramanayya Shirali 19th century 19th centuryPutrakamesti 9 Gersoppe Santappayya Gersoppa 19th century 1850Karnarjuna Kalaga 9 Gersoppe Santappayya 1850Ratnavati Kalyana 22 Lakshminaranappa Nandalike 19th century 19th centuryKumara Vijaya 22 Lakshminaranappa 19th centuryBhisma Vijaya 23 Narasimha Sastry Tirthahalli 20th century 20th centuryVidyunmati Kalyana 23 Narasimha Sastry 20th centuryNotes Edit Sahitya Akademi 1992 p 4621 a b c Ashton 2003 p 17 18 p 27 Brandon and Banham 1993 p 115 Karantha 1997 p 68 Karantha 1997 p 69 Ashton 2003 p 17 Karantha in Ashton 2003 pp 21 22 a b c Karantha 1997 p 151 a b c d e f Karantha 1997 p 173 Muthukumaraswamy Kaushal 2014 p 174 Ashton 2003 p 21 22 a b c d e Karantha 1997 p 162 a b c d e f g h i j k l Karantha 1997 p 163 Karantha 1997 p 164 Karantha 1997 p 169 a b c d e f g h i Karantha 1997 p 165 a b c Karantha 1997 p 167 Karantha 1997 pp 167 168 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Karantha 1997 p 170 a b c Karantha 1997 p 171 a b c d e f Karantha 1997 p 172 a b Karantha 1997 pp 173 174 a b Karantha 1997 p 174References EditKarantha K Shivarama 1997 1997 Yakṣagana New Delhi Abhinav Publications ISBN 81 7017 357 4 Ashton Martha Bush 2003 2003 History of Yakshagana Yakshagana Abhinav Publications ISBN 81 7017 047 8 Muthukumaraswamy Kaushal M D Molly 2014 2014 Folklore Public Sphere and Civil Society New Delhi Indira Gandhi National Center ISBN 978 81 901481 4 6 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Brandon James R Banham Martin 1993 1993 The Cambridge Guide to Asian Theatre Cambridge University Press ISBN 0 521 58822 7 Various 1992 1992 Encyclopaedia of Indian literature Sahitya Akademi ISBN 81 260 1221 8 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title List of Yakshagana plays in the Kannada language amp oldid 1094137227, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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