Israel in effect annexed the Golan Heights with the Golan Heights Law and does not consider the localities established there to be settlements. The United Nations Security Council ruled that act "null and void" in United Nations Security Council Resolution 497 and the international community continues to view the Golan Heights to be Syrian territory held under Israeli occupation.
The international community considers Israeli settlements in the Israeli-occupied territories illegal under international law, violating the Fourth Geneva Convention's prohibition on the transfer of a civilian population to or from occupied territory, though Israel disputes this.[1][2][3][4][5][6]
Four settlements have been given city status. Their combined population is over 200,000, representing around half of the West Bank settler population outside of East Jerusalem.
Yair Farm, retroactively legalized as a "neighborhood" of Yakir
East Jerusalem
Following the capture and occupation of the West Bank, including East Jerusalem in 1967, the Israeli government effectively annexed the formerly Jordanian occupied territory and extended the Jerusalem municipality borders by adding 70,500 dunams of land with the aim of establishing Jewish settlements and cementing the status of a united city under Israeli control. The Jerusalem Master Plan 1968 called for increasing the Israeli population of Arab East Jerusalem, encircling the city with Israeli settlements and excluding large Palestinian neighborhoods from the expanded municipality.[8] Jerusalem was effectively annexed by Israel in 1980, an act that was internationally condemned and ruled "null and void" by the United Nations Security Council in United Nations Security Council Resolution 478. The international community continues to regard East Jerusalem as occupied territory and Israel's settlements there illegal under international law.[1]
In 1967, construction of Israeli settlements began in the portion of the Golan Heights held by Israel. That area remained under military administration until 1981 when Israel passed the Golan Heights Law extending Israeli law and administration throughout the territory.[11] That 1981 decision was condemned by the United Nations Security Council in UN Resolution 497,[12][13] which stated that "the Israeli decision to impose its laws, jurisdiction and administration in the occupied Syrian Golan Heights is null and void and without international legal effect." Israel maintains it has a right to retain the Golan, citing the text of UN Resolution 242, which calls for "safe and recognised boundaries free from threats or acts of force".[14] However, the international community rejects Israeli claims to title to the territory and regards it as sovereign Syrian territory.[15][16][17]
Population of Israeli settlements in the Golan Heights
^ abRoberts, Adam (1990). "Prolonged Military Occupation: The Israeli-Occupied Territories Since 1967". The American Journal of International Law. American Society of International Law. 84 (1): 60, 69, 85–86. doi:10.2307/2203016. JSTOR 2203016. S2CID 145514740. p. 60: Although East Jerusalem and the Golan Heights have been brought directly under Israeli law, by acts that amount to annexation, both of these areas continue to be viewed by the international community as occupied, and their status as regards the applicability of international rules is in most respects identical to that of the West Bank and Gaza. p 69: SC Res. 446 (Mar. 22, 1979), adopted by 12 votes to none, with 3 abstentions (Norway, the United Kingdom and the United States), reaffirmed the applicability of the fourth Geneva Convention, as well as opposing the establishment of Israeli settlements in the occupied territories pp 85–86: The international community has taken a critical view of both deportations and settlements as being contrary to international law. General Assembly resolutions have condemned the deportations since 1969, and have done so by overwhelming majorities in recent years. Likewise, they have consistently deplored the establishment of settlements, and have done so by overwhelming majorities throughout the period (since the end of 1976) of the rapid expansion in their numbers. The Security Council has also been critical of deportations and settlements; and other bodies have viewed them as an obstacle to peace, and illegal under international law
^Pertile, Marco (2005). "'Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory': A Missed Opportunity for International Humanitarian Law?". In Conforti, Benedetto; Bravo, Luigi (eds.). The Italian Yearbook of International Law. Vol. 14. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 141. ISBN978-90-04-15027-0. the establishment of the Israeli settlements in the Occupied Palestinian Territory has been considered illegal by the international community and by the majority of legal scholars
^Barak-Erez, Daphne (2006). "Israel: The security barrier—between international law, constitutional law, and domestic judicial review". International Journal of Constitutional Law. Oxford University Press. 4 (3): 548. doi:10.1093/icon/mol021. The real controversy hovering over all the litigation on the security barrier concerns the fate of the Israeli settlements in the occupied territories. Since 1967, Israel has allowed and even encouraged its citizens to live in the new settlements established in the territories, motivated by religious and national sentiments attached to the history of the Jewish nation in the land of Israel. This policy has also been justified in terms of security interests, taking into consideration the dangerous geographic circumstances of Israel before 1967 (where Israeli areas on the Mediterranean coast were potentially threatened by Jordanian control of the West Bank ridge). The international community, for its part, has viewed this policy as patently illegal, based on the provisions of the Fourth Geneva Convention that prohibit moving populations to or from territories under occupation
^Drew, Catriona (1997). "Self-determination and population transfer". In Bowen, Stephen (ed.). Human rights, self-determination and political change in the occupied Palestinian territories. International studies in human rights. Vol. 52. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. pp. 151–152. ISBN978-90-411-0502-8. It can thus clearly be concluded that the transfer of Israeli settlers into the occupied territories violates not only the laws of belligerent occupation but the Palestinian right of self-determination under international law. The question remains, however, whether this is of any practical value. In other words, given the view of the international community that the Israeli settlements are illegal under the law if belligerent occupation
^International Labour Organization (2005). "The situation of workers of the occupied Arab territories" (PDF). p. 14. The international community considers Israeli settlements within the occupied territories illegal and in breach of, inter alia, United Nations Security Council resolution 465 of 1 March 1980 calling on Israel "to dismantle the existing settlements and in particular to cease, on an urgent basis, the establishment, construction and planning of settlements in the Arab territories occupied since 1967, including Jerusalem"
^Benveniśtî, Eyāl (2004). The international law of occupation. Princeton University Press. p. xvii. ISBN978-0-691-12130-7. In its advisory opinion of July 9, 2004, on the Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, the International Court of Justice found Israel in breach of several international law obligations by its construction of a separation barrier on West Bank territory. ... The Court flatly rejects the Israeli claims concerning the inapplicability of the Fourth Geneva Convention to the West Bank and concerning the inapplicability of Article 49 to the Jewish settlements in the areas occupied by Israel. Neither of these claims gained serious support from the international community
^ abcdef"Regional Statistics". Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 22 February 2023.
^Rawan Asali Nuseibeh (8 October 2015). Political Conflict and Exclusion in Jerusalem: The Provision of Education and Social Services. Taylor & Francis. pp. 43–. ISBN978-1-317-53576-8.
^Y.Z Blum "Secure Boundaries and Middle East Peace in the Light of International Law and Practice" (1971) pages 24–46
^* "The international community maintains that the Israeli decision to impose its laws, jurisdiction and administration in the occupied Syrian Golan is null and void and without international legal effect." International Labour Office (2009). The situation of workers of the occupied Arab territories (International government publication ed.). International Labour Office. p. 23. ISBN978-92-2-120630-9.
In 2008, a plenary session of the United Nations General Assembly voted by 161–1 in favour of a motion on the "occupied Syrian Golan" that reaffirmed support for UN Resolution 497. (General Assembly adopts broad range of texts, 26 in all, on recommendation of its fourth Committee, including on decolonization, information, Palestine refugees, United Nations, 5 December 2008.)
"the Syrian Golan Heights territory, which Israel has occupied since 1967". Also, "the Golan Heights, a 450-square mile portion of southwestern Syria that Israel occupied during the 1967 Arab-Israeli war." (CRS Issue Brief for Congress: Syria: U.S. Relations and Bilateral Issues, Congressional Research Service. 19 January 2006) 18 September 2018 at the Wayback Machine
"Israeli-occupied Golan Heights" (Central Intelligence Agency. CIA World Factbook 2010, Skyhorse Publishing Inc., 2009. pg. 339. ISBN1-60239-727-9.)
"...the United States considers the Golan Heights to be occupied territory subject to negotiation and Israeli withdrawal..." ("CRS Issue Brief for Congress: Israeli-United States Relations", Congressional Research Service, 5 April 2002. pg. 5. Retrieved 1 August 2010.)
"Occupied Golan Heights" (Travel advice: Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territories 20 July 2009 at the Wayback Machine, UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office. Retrieved 1 August 2010.)
"In the ICRC's view, the Golan is an occupied territory." (ICRC activities in the occupied Golan during 2007, International Committee of the Red Cross, 24 April 2008.)
^Korman, Sharon. The right of conquest: the acquisition of territory by force in international law and practice, Oxford University Press, 1996. pg. 265. ISBN0-19-828007-6. "The continued occupation of the Syrian Golan Heights is recognized by many states as valid and consistent with the provisions of the United Nations Charter, on a self-defence basis. Israel, on this view, would be entitled to exact as a condition of withdrawal from the territory the imposition of security measures of an indefinite character--such as perpetual demilitarization, or the emplacement of a United Nations force--which would ensure, or tend to ensure, that the territory would not be used against it for aggression on future occasions. But the notion that Israel is entitled to claim any status other than that of belligerent occupant in the territory which it occupies, or to act beyond the strict bounds laid down in the Fourth Geneva Convention, has been universally rejected by the international community--no less by the United States than by any other state."
January 06, 2024
list, israeli, settlements, this, list, israeli, settlements, israeli, occupied, territories, west, bank, including, east, jerusalem, golan, heights, israel, previously, established, settlements, both, gaza, strip, sinai, peninsula, however, gaza, settlements,. This is a list of Israeli settlements in the Israeli occupied territories of the West Bank including East Jerusalem and the Golan Heights Israel had previously established settlements in both the Gaza Strip and the Sinai Peninsula however the Gaza settlements were dismantled in the Israeli disengagement from Gaza in 2005 and the Sinai settlements were evacuated with the Egypt Israel peace treaty and the return of the Sinai Peninsula to Egypt This list does not include West Bank settlements that were dismantled or Israeli outposts Israel in effect annexed East Jerusalem with the Jerusalem Law and considers settlements in the expanded boundaries of East Jerusalem to be neighborhoods of Jerusalem and not settlements The United Nations Security Council ruled that act null and void in United Nations Security Council Resolution 478 and the international community considers East Jerusalem to continue to be held under Israeli occupation Israel in effect annexed the Golan Heights with the Golan Heights Law and does not consider the localities established there to be settlements The United Nations Security Council ruled that act null and void in United Nations Security Council Resolution 497 and the international community continues to view the Golan Heights to be Syrian territory held under Israeli occupation The international community considers Israeli settlements in the Israeli occupied territories illegal under international law violating the Fourth Geneva Convention s prohibition on the transfer of a civilian population to or from occupied territory though Israel disputes this 1 2 3 4 5 6 Contents 1 West Bank 1 1 City settlements in the West Bank 1 2 Other settlements in the West Bank excluding East Jerusalem 1 3 East Jerusalem 2 Golan Heights 3 ReferencesWest BankFurther information Israeli occupation of the West Bank and Israeli law in the West Bank settlements City settlements in the West Bank Four settlements have been given city status Their combined population is over 200 000 representing around half of the West Bank settler population outside of East Jerusalem Name Hebrew Image map Population 2021 7 Est 7 CouncilAriel אריאל nbsp 19 647 1978 ShomronBeitar Illit ביתר עילית nbsp 63 220 1985 Gush EtzionMa ale Adumim מעלה אדומים nbsp 37 555 1975 Gush EtzionModi in Illit מודיעין עילית nbsp 80 996 1996 Mateh BinyaminOther settlements in the West Bank excluding East Jerusalem Name Hebrew Population 2021 7 Est 7 CouncilAdora Adura אדורה 474 1984 Har HebronAlei Zahav עלי זהב 4 280 1982 ShomronAlfei Menashe אלפי מנשה 7 966 1983 ShomronAlmog אלמוג 255 1977 MegilotAlmon עלמון 1 442 1982 Mateh BinyaminAlon אלון 1 031 1990 Mateh BinyaminAlon Shvut אלון שבות 3 061 1970 Gush EtzionAmihai עמיחי 209 2018 Mateh BinyaminArgaman ארגמן 133 1968 Bik at HaYardenAsfar Metzad מיצד 1 114 1983 Gush EtzionAteret עטרת 954 1981 Mateh BinyaminAvnat Ovnat אבנת 260 1983 MegilotAvnei Hefetz אבני חפץ 2 223 1990 ShomronBarkan ברקן 2 005 1981 ShomronBat Ayin בת עין 1 672 1989 Gush EtzionBeit Aryeh Ofarim בית אריה 5 409 1981 ShomronBeit El בית אל 5 681 1977 Mateh BinyaminBeit HaArava בית הערבה 451 1980 MegilotBeit Horon בית חורון 1 468 1977 Mateh BinyaminBeit Yatir Metzadot Yehuda בית יתיר 634 1983 Har HebronBeka ot Bqa ot בקעות 186 1972 Bik at HaYardenBrukhin ברוכין 2 129 2012 ShomronCarmel כרמל 467 1981 Har HebronDolev דולב 1 569 1983 Mateh BinyaminEfrat Efrata אפרת 11 804 1980 Gush EtzionElazar אלעזר 2 561 1975 Gush EtzionEli עלי 4 613 1984 Mateh BinyaminElkana אלקנה 4 072 1977 ShomronElon Moreh אלון מורה 2 009 1979 ShomronEinav Enav ענב 983 1981 ShomronEshkolot אשכולות 609 1982 Har HebronEtz Efraim עץ אפרים 2 519 1985 ShomronGanei Modi in גני מודיעין 2 603 1985 Mateh BinyaminGeva Binyamin גבע בנימין 5 857 1984 Mateh BinyaminGilgal גלגל 222 1970 Bik at HaYardenGitit גיתית 498 1973 Bik at HaYardenGiv at Ze ev גבעת זאב 20 034 1983 Mateh BinyaminGiv on HaHadasha גבעון החדשה 1 020 1980 Mateh BinyaminHaggai Beit Hagai בית חגי 701 1984 Har HebronHalamish חלמיש 1 485 1977 Mateh BinyaminHamra חמרה 273 1971 Bik at HaYardenHar Adar הר אדר 4 108 1986 Mateh BinyaminHar Brakha הר ברכה 3 062 1983 ShomronHar Gilo הר גילה 1 648 1972 Gush EtzionHashmonaim חשמונאים 2 646 1985 Mateh BinyaminHemdat חמדת 343 1980 Bik at HaYardenHermesh חרמש 235 1982 ShomronHinanit חיננית 1 513 1981 ShomronImmanuel עמנואל 4 372 1983 ShomronItamar איתמר 1 354 1984 ShomronKalya קלי ה 489 1968 MegilotKarmei Tzur כרמי צור 965 1984 Gush EtzionKarnei Shomron קרני שומרון 9 663 1978 ShomronKedar Keidar קדר 1 617 1985 Gush EtzionKedumim קדומים 4 590 1977 ShomronKfar Adumim כפר אדומים 4 927 1979 Mateh BinyaminKfar Etzion כפר עציון 1 278 1967 Gush EtzionKfar HaOranim Menora כפר האורנים 2 607 1998 Mateh BinyaminKfar Tapuach כפר תפוח 1 522 1978 ShomronKiryat Arba קרית ארבע 7 499 1972 Har HebronKiryat Netafim קרית נטפים 991 1983 ShomronKokhav HaShahar כוכב השחר 2 515 1977 Mateh BinyaminKokhav Ya akov כוכב יעקב 9 524 1985 Mateh BinyaminMa ale Amos מעלה עמוס 822 1981 Gush EtzionMa ale Efrayim מעלה אפרים 1 318 1970 Bik at HaYardenMa ale Levona מעלה לבונה 976 1983 Mateh BinyaminMa ale Mikhmas מעלה מכמש 1 691 1981 Mateh BinyaminMa ale Shomron מעלה שומרון 1980 ShomronMa on מעון 592 1981 Har HebronMaskiot משכיות 341 1986 Bik at HaYardenMasua משואה 263 1970 Bik at HaYardenMatityahu מתתיהו 922 1981 Mateh BinyaminMehola מחולה 649 1968 Bik at HaYardenMekhora מכורה 186 1973 Bik at HaYardenMevo Dotan מבוא דותן 509 1978 ShomronMevo Horon מבוא חורון 2 694 1970 Mateh BinyaminMigdal Oz מגדל עוז 567 1977 Gush EtzionMigdalim מגדלים 543 1983 ShomronMitzpe Shalem מצפה שלם 238 1971 MegilotMitzpe Yeriho מצפה יריחו 2 638 1978 Mateh BinyaminNa ale נעלה 2 608 1988 Mateh BinyaminNa omi Na ama נעמי 165 1982 Bik at HaYardenNahliel נחליאל 737 1984 Mateh BinyaminNegohot נגוהות 468 1999 Har HebronNetiv HaGdud נתיב הגדוד 220 1976 Bik at HaYardenNeve Daniel נווה דניאל 2 360 1982 Gush EtzionNili נילי 1 878 1981 Mateh BinyaminNa aran Niran נירן 101 1977 Bik at HaYardenNofei Prat נו פ י פ ר ת 1 200 1992 Mateh BinyaminNofim נופים 1 042 1987 ShomronNokdim נוקדים 2 764 1982 Gush EtzionOfra עפרה 3 026 1975 Mateh BinyaminOranit אורנית 9 114 1985 ShomronOtniel עתניאל 994 1983 Har HebronPeduel פדואל 2 098 1984 ShomronPnei Hever Ma ale Hever מעלה חבר 729 1982 Har HebronPetza el פצאל 361 1975 Bik at HaYardenPsagot פסגות 2 077 1981 Mateh BinyaminRehelim רחלים 975 2013 ShomronReihan ריחן 384 1977 ShomronRevava רבבה 2 908 1991 ShomronRimonim רימונים 715 1977 Mateh BinyaminRo i רועי 171 1976 Bik at HaYardenRosh Tzurim ראש צורים 948 1969 Gush EtzionRotem רותם 262 1983 Bik at HaYardenSal it סלעית 1 426 1977 ShomronSansana סנסנה 665 1997 Har HebronSha arei Tikva שערי תקווה 6 122 1983 ShomronShadmot Mehola שדמות מחולה 677 1979 Bik at HaYardenShaked שקד 1 081 1981 ShomronShani Livne ל ב נ ה 571 1989 Har HebronShavei Shomron שבי שומרון 1 050 1977 ShomronShilo שילה 4 783 1979 Mateh BinyaminShim a שמעה 886 1985 Har HebronSusiya סוסיא 1 376 1983 Har HebronTalmon טלמון 5 142 1989 Mateh BinyaminTekoa תקוע 4 315 1977 Gush EtzionTelem תלם 520 1982 Har HebronTeneh Omarim טנא עומרים 964 1983 Har HebronTomer תומר 301 1978 Bik at HaYardenTzofim צופים 2 489 1989 ShomronVered Yeriho ורד יריחו 364 1980 MegilotYafit יפית 221 1980 Bik at HaYardenYakir יקיר 2 485 1981 ShomronYitav ייט ב 296 1970 Bik at HaYardenYitzhar יצהר 2 020 1983 ShomronSeveral former Israeli outposts have been retroactively legalized under Israeli law as neighborhoods of formerly existing Israeli settlements Givat Harsina also called Ramat Mamre legalized as neighborhood of Kiryat Arba Kfar Eldad considered a neighborhood of Nokdim Kerem Reim retroactively legalized as a neighborhood of Talmon Leshem retroactively legalized as a neighborhood of Alei Zahav Neria retroactively legalized as a neighborhood of Talmon Nofei Nehemia retroactively legalized as a neighborhood of Rehelim Sdeh Bar Farm retroactively legalized as a neighborhood of Nokdim Shvut Rachel retroactively legalized as a neighborhood of Shilo Tal Menashe retroactively legalized as a neighborhood of Hinanit Yair Farm retroactively legalized as a neighborhood of YakirEast Jerusalem Following the capture and occupation of the West Bank including East Jerusalem in 1967 the Israeli government effectively annexed the formerly Jordanian occupied territory and extended the Jerusalem municipality borders by adding 70 500 dunams of land with the aim of establishing Jewish settlements and cementing the status of a united city under Israeli control The Jerusalem Master Plan 1968 called for increasing the Israeli population of Arab East Jerusalem encircling the city with Israeli settlements and excluding large Palestinian neighborhoods from the expanded municipality 8 Jerusalem was effectively annexed by Israel in 1980 an act that was internationally condemned and ruled null and void by the United Nations Security Council in United Nations Security Council Resolution 478 The international community continues to regard East Jerusalem as occupied territory and Israel s settlements there illegal under international law 1 Name Hebrew Population 2019 9 10 Est East Talpiot תלפיות מזרח 15 104 1967French Hill Giv at Shapira הגבעה הצרפתית 8 826 1969Gilo גיל ה 30 820 1973Giv at Hamivtar גבעת המבתר 2 944 1970Har Homa הר חומה 19 950 1997Ma alot Dafna מעלות דפנה 3 260 1972Neve Yaakov נווה יעקב 21 780 1972Pisgat Ze ev פסגת זאב 44 512 1985Ramat Eshkol רמת אשכול 3 573 1970Ramat Shlomo רמת שלמה 15 070 1995Ramot Alon רמות אלון 41 410 1974Total 207 249Smaller Israeli settlements in East Jerusalem include Beit Orot Givat HaMatos Ma ale HaZeitim and Nof Zion Golan HeightsIn 1967 construction of Israeli settlements began in the portion of the Golan Heights held by Israel That area remained under military administration until 1981 when Israel passed the Golan Heights Law extending Israeli law and administration throughout the territory 11 That 1981 decision was condemned by the United Nations Security Council in UN Resolution 497 12 13 which stated that the Israeli decision to impose its laws jurisdiction and administration in the occupied Syrian Golan Heights is null and void and without international legal effect Israel maintains it has a right to retain the Golan citing the text of UN Resolution 242 which calls for safe and recognised boundaries free from threats or acts of force 14 However the international community rejects Israeli claims to title to the territory and regards it as sovereign Syrian territory 15 16 17 Population of Israeli settlements in the Golan Heights Name Hebrew Population 2021 7 Est 7 Katzrin ק צ ר ין 7 606 1977Afik א פ יק 357 1972Ein Zivan ע ין ז יו ן 427 1968El Rom א ל רו ם 442 1971Geshur ג ש ו ר 310 1971Kfar Haruv כ פ ר ח רו ב 478 1974Merom Golan מ רו ם ג ו ל ן 754 1967Metzar מ יצ ר 324 1981Mevo Hama מ בו א ח מ ה 459 1968Natur נ טו ר 910 1980Ortal או ר ט ל 369 1978Alonei HaBashan א ל ו נ י ה ב ש ן 472 1981Ani am א נ יע ם 502 1978Avnei Eitan א ב נ י א ית ן 811 1973Bnei Yehuda ב נ י י הו ד ה 1 129 1972Eliad א ל י ע ד 484 1968Givat Yoav ג ב ע ת יו א ב 728 1968Haspin ח ס פ ין 2 071 1978Kanaf כ נ ף 466 1985Keshet ק ש ת 863 1974Kidmat Tzvi ק ד מ ת צ ב י 537 1981Ma ale Gamla מ ע ל ה ג מ ל א 574 1975Neot Golan נ או ת ג ו ל ן 670 1968Neve Ativ נ ו ה א ט י ב 141 1972Nov נו ב 1 026 1974Odem א ד ם 175 1975Ramat Magshimim ר מ ת מ ג ש ימ ים 784 1968Ramot ר מו ת 544 1969Sha al ש ע ל 316 1980Yonatan יו נ ת ן 802 1975Kela Alon קלע אלון 390 1981 1991Had Ness ח ד נ ס 877 1989References a b Roberts Adam 1990 Prolonged Military Occupation The Israeli Occupied Territories Since 1967 The American Journal of International Law American Society of International Law 84 1 60 69 85 86 doi 10 2307 2203016 JSTOR 2203016 S2CID 145514740 p 60 Although East Jerusalem and the Golan Heights have been brought directly under Israeli law by acts that amount to annexation both of these areas continue to be viewed by the international community as occupied and their status as regards the applicability of international rules is in most respects identical to that of the West Bank and Gaza p 69 SC Res 446 Mar 22 1979 adopted by 12 votes to none with 3 abstentions Norway the United Kingdom and the United States reaffirmed the applicability of the fourth Geneva Convention as well as opposing the establishment of Israeli settlements in the occupied territoriespp 85 86 The international community has taken a critical view of both deportations and settlements as being contrary to international law General Assembly resolutions have condemned the deportations since 1969 and have done so by overwhelming majorities in recent years Likewise they have consistently deplored the establishment of settlements and have done so by overwhelming majorities throughout the period since the end of 1976 of the rapid expansion in their numbers The Security Council has also been critical of deportations and settlements and other bodies have viewed them as an obstacle to peace and illegal under international law Pertile Marco 2005 Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory A Missed Opportunity for International Humanitarian Law In Conforti Benedetto Bravo Luigi eds The Italian Yearbook of International Law Vol 14 Martinus Nijhoff Publishers p 141 ISBN 978 90 04 15027 0 the establishment of the Israeli settlements in the Occupied Palestinian Territory has been considered illegal by the international community and by the majority of legal scholars Barak Erez Daphne 2006 Israel The security barrier between international law constitutional law and domestic judicial review International Journal of Constitutional Law Oxford University Press 4 3 548 doi 10 1093 icon mol021 The real controversy hovering over all the litigation on the security barrier concerns the fate of the Israeli settlements in the occupied territories Since 1967 Israel has allowed and even encouraged its citizens to live in the new settlements established in the territories motivated by religious and national sentiments attached to the history of the Jewish nation in the land of Israel This policy has also been justified in terms of security interests taking into consideration the dangerous geographic circumstances of Israel before 1967 where Israeli areas on the Mediterranean coast were potentially threatened by Jordanian control of the West Bank ridge The international community for its part has viewed this policy as patently illegal based on the provisions of the Fourth Geneva Convention that prohibit moving populations to or from territories under occupation Drew Catriona 1997 Self determination and population transfer In Bowen Stephen ed Human rights self determination and political change in the occupied Palestinian territories International studies in human rights Vol 52 Martinus Nijhoff Publishers pp 151 152 ISBN 978 90 411 0502 8 It can thus clearly be concluded that the transfer of Israeli settlers into the occupied territories violates not only the laws of belligerent occupation but the Palestinian right of self determination under international law The question remains however whether this is of any practical value In other words given the view of the international community that the Israeli settlements are illegal under the law if belligerent occupation International Labour Organization 2005 The situation of workers of the occupied Arab territories PDF p 14 The international community considers Israeli settlements within the occupied territories illegal and in breach of inter alia United Nations Security Council resolution 465 of 1 March 1980 calling on Israel to dismantle the existing settlements and in particular to cease on an urgent basis the establishment construction and planning of settlements in the Arab territories occupied since 1967 including Jerusalem Benvenisti Eyal 2004 The international law of occupation Princeton University Press p xvii ISBN 978 0 691 12130 7 In its advisory opinion of July 9 2004 on the Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory the International Court of Justice found Israel in breach of several international law obligations by its construction of a separation barrier on West Bank territory The Court flatly rejects the Israeli claims concerning the inapplicability of the Fourth Geneva Convention to the West Bank and concerning the inapplicability of Article 49 to the Jewish settlements in the areas occupied by Israel Neither of these claims gained serious support from the international community a b c d e f Regional Statistics Israel Central Bureau of Statistics Retrieved 22 February 2023 Rawan Asali Nuseibeh 8 October 2015 Political Conflict and Exclusion in Jerusalem The Provision of Education and Social Services Taylor amp Francis pp 43 ISBN 978 1 317 53576 8 Israeli Settlements 2019 OCHA OPT PDF Settlements List Peace Now Retrieved 2023 01 11 Golan Heights Law MFA Korman Sharon The Right of Conquest The Acquisition of Territory by Force in International Law and Practice Oxford University Press pp 262 263 UN Security Council Resolution 497 Y Z Blum Secure Boundaries and Middle East Peace in the Light of International Law and Practice 1971 pages 24 46 The international community maintains that the Israeli decision to impose its laws jurisdiction and administration in the occupied Syrian Golan is null and void and without international legal effect International Labour Office 2009 The situation of workers of the occupied Arab territories International government publication ed International Labour Office p 23 ISBN 978 92 2 120630 9 In 2008 a plenary session of the United Nations General Assembly voted by 161 1 in favour of a motion on the occupied Syrian Golan that reaffirmed support for UN Resolution 497 General Assembly adopts broad range of texts 26 in all on recommendation of its fourth Committee including on decolonization information Palestine refugees United Nations 5 December 2008 the Syrian Golan Heights territory which Israel has occupied since 1967 Also the Golan Heights a 450 square mile portion of southwestern Syria that Israel occupied during the 1967 Arab Israeli war CRS Issue Brief for Congress Syria U S Relations and Bilateral Issues Congressional Research Service 19 January 2006 Archived 18 September 2018 at the Wayback Machine Occupied territory Israeli occupied Golan Heights Central Intelligence Agency CIA World Factbook 2010 Skyhorse Publishing Inc 2009 pg 339 ISBN 1 60239 727 9 the United States considers the Golan Heights to be occupied territory subject to negotiation and Israeli withdrawal CRS Issue Brief for Congress Israeli United States Relations Congressional Research Service 5 April 2002 pg 5 Retrieved 1 August 2010 Occupied Golan Heights Travel advice Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territories Archived 20 July 2009 at the Wayback Machine UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office Retrieved 1 August 2010 In the ICRC s view the Golan is an occupied territory ICRC activities in the occupied Golan during 2007 International Committee of the Red Cross 24 April 2008 Korman Sharon The right of conquest the acquisition of territory by force in international law and practice Oxford University Press 1996 pg 265 ISBN 0 19 828007 6 The continued occupation of the Syrian Golan Heights is recognized by many states as valid and consistent with the provisions of the United Nations Charter on a self defence basis Israel on this view would be entitled to exact as a condition of withdrawal from the territory the imposition of security measures of an indefinite character such as perpetual demilitarization or the emplacement of a United Nations force which would ensure or tend to ensure that the territory would not be used against it for aggression on future occasions But the notion that Israel is entitled to claim any status other than that of belligerent occupant in the territory which it occupies or to act beyond the strict bounds laid down in the Fourth Geneva Convention has been universally rejected by the international community no less by the United States than by any other state Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title List of Israeli settlements amp oldid 1184613922, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
