Lee Metcalf Wilderness
The Lee Metcalf Wilderness is located in the northern Rocky Mountains in the U.S. state of Montana. Created by an act of Congress in 1983, this rugged alpine wilderness is divided into four separated parcels typified by complex mountain topography: Bear Trap Canyon unit, Spanish Peaks unit, Taylor-Hilgard unit, and Monument Mountains unit. The Bear Trap Canyon unit was the first designated wilderness area to be managed by the Bureau of Land Management (an agency within the Department of the Interior), and comprises a region of canyonlands adjacent to the Madison River. The other three sections of the wilderness are jointly managed by Beaverhead-Deerlodge and Gallatin National Forests, both of which are a part of the Department of Agriculture. The wilderness was named after the late Montana congressman Lee Metcalf.
| Lee Metcalf Wilderness | |
|---|---|
| Location | Madison / Gallatin counties, Montana, USA |
| Nearest city | Bozeman, MT |
| Coordinates | 45°08′N 111°27′W / 45.133°N 111.450°W |
| Area | 254,288 acres (1,029.07 km2) |
| Established | 1983 |
| Governing body | U.S. Forest Service U.S. Bureau of Land Management |
The portion of the wilderness within Gallatin National Forest is also within the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem and borders Yellowstone National Park. U.S. wilderness areas prohibit motorized and mechanized vehicles, including bicycles. Although camping and fishing are allowed with proper permit, there are no roads or buildings, and neither any logging or mining, in compliance with the 1964 Wilderness Act. As such, the Metcalf Wilderness serves as a critical wildlife refuge for many threatened and endangered species of North America and is home to the highest population density of grizzly bear in the contiguous United States.[1] Many other large North American fauna also inhabit this undisturbed alpine ecosystem, such as moose, elk, black bear, mountain goat, bighorn sheep, wolverines, cougars, Canadian lynx, and wolves, as well as bald eagles, osprey, pelicans, and trumpeter swans.[2]
Climate edit
The Beaver Creek SNOTEL weather station is located at the southern end of Lee Metcalf Wilderness, in the valley east of Echo Peak (Montana). Beaver Creek has a subalpine climate (Köppen Dfc).
| Climate data for Beaver Creek, Montana, 1991–2020 normals, 1985-2020 extremes: 7850ft (2393m) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 49 (9) | 46 (8) | 58 (14) | 67 (19) | 76 (24) | 82 (28) | 86 (30) | 85 (29) | 86 (30) | 73 (23) | 56 (13) | 46 (8) | 86 (30) |
| Mean maximum °F (°C) | 36.2 (2.3) | 40.0 (4.4) | 49.4 (9.7) | 57.2 (14.0) | 65.6 (18.7) | 73.4 (23.0) | 79.3 (26.3) | 78.4 (25.8) | 74.2 (23.4) | 62.6 (17.0) | 46.5 (8.1) | 35.8 (2.1) | 80.3 (26.8) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 24.8 (−4.0) | 28.4 (−2.0) | 35.9 (2.2) | 42.4 (5.8) | 51.3 (10.7) | 59.8 (15.4) | 69.8 (21.0) | 69.0 (20.6) | 59.8 (15.4) | 45.6 (7.6) | 31.7 (−0.2) | 23.7 (−4.6) | 45.2 (7.3) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 15.6 (−9.1) | 17.5 (−8.1) | 24.4 (−4.2) | 31.2 (−0.4) | 40.1 (4.5) | 47.4 (8.6) | 55.4 (13.0) | 54.3 (12.4) | 46.7 (8.2) | 35.1 (1.7) | 22.3 (−5.4) | 14.9 (−9.5) | 33.7 (1.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 6.4 (−14.2) | 6.7 (−14.1) | 12.8 (−10.7) | 20.0 (−6.7) | 28.9 (−1.7) | 35.1 (1.7) | 41.0 (5.0) | 39.6 (4.2) | 33.5 (0.8) | 24.5 (−4.2) | 12.9 (−10.6) | 6.0 (−14.4) | 22.3 (−5.4) |
| Mean minimum °F (°C) | −13.8 (−25.4) | −14.5 (−25.8) | −6.7 (−21.5) | 3.4 (−15.9) | 15.6 (−9.1) | 27.5 (−2.5) | 33.5 (0.8) | 31.3 (−0.4) | 23.7 (−4.6) | 7.6 (−13.6) | −7.8 (−22.1) | −15.3 (−26.3) | −21.6 (−29.8) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −26 (−32) | −38 (−39) | −19 (−28) | −13 (−25) | 4 (−16) | 19 (−7) | 26 (−3) | 22 (−6) | 4 (−16) | −15 (−26) | −23 (−31) | −34 (−37) | −38 (−39) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 3.66 (93) | 3.24 (82) | 3.39 (86) | 3.27 (83) | 3.29 (84) | 3.01 (76) | 1.76 (45) | 1.66 (42) | 1.89 (48) | 2.84 (72) | 3.21 (82) | 3.97 (101) | 35.19 (894) |
| Source 1: XMACIS2[3] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: NOAA (Precipitation)[4] | |||||||||||||
References edit
- ^ White, Gunther, & van Manen. "Yellowstone Grizzly Bears: Ecology & Conservation" (PDF). US National Park Service. Yellowstone National Park, USGS. Retrieved 13 August 2020.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ US National Park Service. "Report: The Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem" (PDF). USNPS. Retrieved 14 August 2020.
- ^ "xmACIS2". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved November 23, 2023.
- ^ "Beaver Creek, Montana 1991-2020 Monthly Normals". Retrieved November 23, 2023.
External links edit
- . The National Wilderness Preservation System. Wilderness.net. Archived from the original on 2013-03-23. Retrieved 2006-08-15.
- "USGS Sphinx Mountain (MT) Topo Map Quad". TopoQuest. Retrieved 2008-06-29.
- "Wilderness Legislation: The Wilderness Act of 1964". The National Wilderness Preservation System. Wilderness.net. Retrieved 2006-08-15.