Leatherstocking Tales

For the 1924 serial film, see Leatherstocking (serial).

The Leatherstocking Tales is a series of five novels by American writer James Fenimore Cooper, set in the eighteenth-century era of development in the primarily former Iroquois areas in central New York.^[1][2] Each novel features Natty Bumppo, a frontiersman known to European-American settlers as "Leatherstocking",^[3] "The Pathfinder",^[4] and "the trapper".^[5] Native Americans call him "Deerslayer",^[6] "La Longue Carabine" ("Long Rifle" in French),^[7] and "Hawkeye".^[8]

Cover illustration by Carl Offterdinger for a German youth edition of James Fenimore Cooper's Leatherstocking Tales

1989 USSR stamp, on themes of James Fenimore Cooper's Leatherstocking Tales

Publication history

Publication history^[9][10]

Publication date	Story dates	Title	Subtitle
18411841	1740–17551740–1755	The Deerslayer	The First War Path
18261826	17571757	The Last of the Mohicans	A Narrative of 1757
18401840	17591758–1759	The Pathfinder	The Inland Sea
18231823	17931793	The Pioneers	The Sources of the Susquehanna; A Descriptive Tale
18271827	18041804	The Prairie	A Tale

The story dates are derived from dates given in the tales and span the period roughly of 1740–1806. They do not necessarily correspond with the actual dates of the historical events described in the series, which discrepancies Cooper likely introduced for the sake of convenience. For instance, Cooper manipulated time to avoid making Leatherstocking 100 years old when he traveled to the Kansas plains in The Prairie.^[11][12]

The Natty Bumppo character is generally believed to be inspired, at least in part, by the historic explorer Daniel Boone or the lesser known David Shipman.^{[13][page needed]} Critic Georg Lukacs likened Bumppo to Sir Walter Scott's "middling characters; because they do not represent the extremes of society, these figures can serve as tools for the social and cultural exploration of historical events, without directly portraying the history itself.^[14]

Characters

• Natty Bumppo is the protagonist of the series: an Anglo-American raised in part by Native Americans, and later a near-fearless warrior (his chief weapon is the long rifle).^[15] He and his Mohican "brother" Chingachgook are constant companions. He is known as "Deerslayer" in The Deerslayer,^[16] "Hawkeye" and "La Longue Carabine" in The Last of the Mohicans,^[17] "Pathfinder" in The Pathfinder,^[18] "Leatherstocking" in The Pioneers,^[19] and "the trapper" in The Prairie.^[20] The novels recount significant events in Natty Bumppo's life from 1740-1806.^[21][22]
• Chingachgook is a Mohican chief and companion of Bumppo. He is present in all the books except for The Prairie, as he dies of old age after narrowly escaping a forest fire in The Pioneers.^[23]
• Uncas, son of Chingachgook, "last of the Mohicans",^[24] grew to manhood, but was killed in a battle with the hostile scout Magua. In actual history, a man named Uncas was a chief of the Mohegan in the 1600s.^[25] Though a prominent figure only in The Last of the Mohicans, he is mentioned as a boy at the very end of The Deerslayer, only once by name in The Pathfinder, and several times in The Prairie.

Adaptations

Several films have been adapted from one or more of this series of Cooper's novels. Some used one of Bumppo's nicknames, most often Hawkeye, to identify this character, e.g., in:

• Lederstrumpf / Leatherstocking (1920 German silent film) co-starred Bela Lugosi as Chingachgook^[26]
• The serial film Leatherstocking (1924)
• The Last of the Mohicans (1936), the 1992 film is based on the screenplay of this film.
• Chingachgook, die große Schlange (1967), an East German film, co-starred Gojko Mitić as Chingachgook
• The Last of the Mohicans (1992), in which Hawkeye's surname was changed from Bumppo to Poe
• The Pathfinder (1996), where he is known chiefly as Pathfinder, but his birth name of Nathaniel is also mentioned

Two Canadian TV series were based on the character of Leatherstocking:

• In Hawkeye and the Last of the Mohicans (1957), Natty Bumppo's name was changed to Nat Cutler, but he was usually referred to as Hawkeye
• The series Hawkeye (1994) is mostly set around the fictional Fort Bennington during the French and Indian War

WQED (TV) Pittsburgh's Once Upon A Classic children's television series produced a four-episode adaptation entitled Leatherstocking Tales (1979), which won one Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Children's Series and was nominated for another for writing. The main character's name is Natty Bumppo, though other nicknames appear.

In popular culture

• Bumppo is featured in the comic book series Jack of Fables (2006-2011), along with Slue-Foot Sue, as trackers hired to capture other "Fables".
• In Alan Moore's comic series The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen (1999-2007), Natty Bumppo is featured as a member of the group assembled by Lemuel Gulliver, alongside other literary characters including Dr Syn, Fanny Hill, The Scarlet Pimpernel, and Orlando.
• In J.R. Moehringer, The Tender Bar: A Memoir (2005), among the men Moehringer gets to know is Bud, who refers to Bumppo in the following quote: "Don't think of fear as the villain. Think of fear as your guide, your pathfinder – your Natty Bumppo."^{[page needed]}
• In the M*A*S*H franchise, the central character Benjamin Franklin "Hawkeye" Pierce was nicknamed this by his father, citing The Last of the Mohicans as "the only book my father ever read".

References

1. Franklin, Wayne, James Fenimore Cooper: the Early Years; Yale University Press; New Haven, Connecticut: 2007. 752 p. 03001080528
2. Franklin, Wayne, James Fenimore Cooper: the Later Years; Yale University Press; New Haven, Connecticut: 2017. 840 p. 030013571
3. Cooper, James Fenimore; The Prairie: A Tale; Easton Press; Limited edition; Norwalk, Connecticut: 1968.
4. Cooper, James Fenimore; The Pathfinder: Or The Inland Sea; Penguin Classics; London: 1989. 512 p. ISBN 0140390715
5. Cooper, James Fenimore; The Prairie: A Tale; Easton Press; Limited edition; Norwalk, Connecticut: 1968.
6. Cooper, James Fenimore; The Deerslayer: The First War Path; Wordsworth Classics; Hertfordshire, England: 1998. 423 p. ISBN 1853265527
7. Cooper, James Fenimore; The Last of the Mohicans: A Tale of 1757; Bantam Classics; New York: 1982. 432 p. ISBN 012000030X
8. Cooper, James Fenimore; The Deerslayer: The First War Path; Wordsworth Classics; Hertfordshire, England: 1998. 423 p. ISBN 1853265527
9. Franklin, Wayne, James Fenimore Cooper: the Early Years; Yale University Press; New Haven, Connecticut: 2007. 752 p. 0300108052
10. Franklin, Wayne, James Fenimore Cooper: the Later Years; Yale University Press; New Haven, Connecticut: 2017. 840 p. 0300135718
11. Cooper, James Fenimore; The Prairie: A Tale; Easton Press; Limited edition; Norwalk, Connecticut: 1968.
12. Franklin, Wayne, James Fenimore Cooper: the Later Years; Yale University Press; New Haven, Connecticut: 2017. 840 p. 0300135718
13. Taylor, Alan. William Cooper's Town.
14. Lukacs 69-72
15. Cooper, James Fenimore; The Deerslayer: The First War Path; Wordsworth Classics; Hertfordshire, England: 1998. 423 p. ISBN 1853265527
16. Cooper, James Fenimore; The Deerslayer: The First War Path; Wordsworth Classics; Hertfordshire, England: 1998. 423 p. ISBN 1853265527
17. Cooper, James Fenimore; The Last of the Mohicans: A Tale of 1757; Bantam Classics; New York: 1982. 432 p. ISBN 012000030X
18. Cooper, James Fenimore; The Pathfinder: Or The Inland Sea; Penguin Classics; London: 1989. 512 p. ISBN 0140390715
19. Cooper, James Fenimore; The Pioneers: The Sources of the Susquehanna; A Descriptive Tale; Penguin Classics; London: 1988. 460 p. ISBN 0140390073
20. Cooper, James Fenimore; The Prairie: A Tale; Easton Press; Limited edition; Norwalk, Connecticut: 1968.
21. James Fenimore Cooper Society's online plot summaries of the chronologically first (The Deerslayer)
22. The Prairie novels, indicating the initial and final years of the Leatherstocking saga
23. The Pioneers
24. "Uncas will be the last pure-blooded Mohican because there are no pure-blooded Mohican women for him to marry." University of Houston study guide
25. Chief Uncas
26. "Silent Era : Progressive Silent Film List".

Works cited

• Lukacs, Georg (1969). The Historical Novel. Penguin Books.

Original works

• Cooper, James Fenimore (2015). The Complete Leatherstocking Tales, Vol. I. Ex Fontibus Company. ISBN 978-1514721759.
• Cooper, James Fenimore (2015). The Complete Leatherstocking Tales, Vol. II. Ex Fontibus Company. ISBN 978-1514721803.
• Cooper, James Fenimore & Nevins, Allan (Editor) (1954). The Leatherstocking Saga. Pantheon Books.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)

Further reading

• Franklin, Wayne, James Fenimore Cooper: the Early Years; Yale University Press; New Haven, Connecticut: 2007. 752 p. 0300108052
• Franklin, Wayne, James Fenimore Cooper: the Later Years; Yale University Press; New Haven, Connecticut: 2017. 840 p. 0300135718
• Pickering, James H. & Test, George A. (Editor). "Cooper's Otsego Heritage: The Sources of The Pioneers". James Fenimore Cooper: His Country and His Art (Papers from the 1979 Conference at State University College of New York, Oneonta and Cooperstown). pp. 11–39.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
• Rans, Geoffrey (1991). Cooper's Leather-Stocking Novels: A Secular Reading. University of North Carolina Press.
• White, Craig (2006). Student Companion to James Fenimore Cooper. Greenwood Publishing. pp. 59–185. ISBN 0313334137.
• Daniel Davis Wood: Frontier Justice in the Novels of James Fenimore Cooper and Cormac McCarthy. Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2016, ISBN 9781443896542
• Anna Krauthammer: The Representation of the Savage in James Fenimore Cooper and Herman Melville. Peter Lang, 2008, ISBN 9780820468105

External links

 

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Leatherstocking Tales.

• Mark Twain, "Fenimore Cooper's Literary Offences"; a satiric essay about Cooper's prose and Natty Bumppo