Le Pétomane
Joseph Pujol (June 1, 1857 – August 8, 1945), better known by his stage name Le Pétomane (/ləˈpɛtəmeɪn/,[1] French pronunciation: [ləpetɔman]), was a French flatulist (professional fartist) and entertainer. He was famous for his remarkable control of the abdominal muscles, which enabled him to seemingly fart at will.[2] His stage name combines the French verb péter, "to fart" with the -mane, "-maniac" suffix, which translates to "fartomaniac". The profession is referred to as "flatulist", "farteur", or "fartiste".[3]
Le Pétomane | |
|---|---|
| Born | Joseph Pujol June 1, 1857 Marseille, France |
| Died | August 8, 1945 (aged 88) |
It was a common misconception that Pujol passed intestinal gas as part of his stage performance. Rather, he was allegedly able to "inhale" or move air into his rectum and then control the release of that air with his anal sphincter muscles. Evidence of his ability to control those muscles was seen in the early accounts of demonstrations of his abilities to fellow soldiers.[4]
Life and career edit
Joseph Pujol was born in Marseille, one of five children of stonemason and sculptor François Pujol and his wife Rose, in a family of Catalan origin. Soon after he left school, he had a strange experience while swimming in the sea. He put his head under the water and held his breath, whereupon he felt an icy cold penetrating his rear.[5] He ran ashore in fright and was amazed to sense water pouring from his anus.
While serving in the army, he told his fellow soldiers about his special ability, and repeated it for their amusement, sucking up water from a pan into his rectum and then projecting it up to several yards. He found that he could suck in air as well. A trained baker, Pujol would sometimes entertain his customers by imitating musical instruments and claiming to be playing them behind the counter. Pujol decided to try the stage, and debuted in Marseilles in 1887. When his act was well received, he moved to Paris, where he appeared at the Moulin Rouge in 1892.[6]
Some of the highlights of his stage act involved sound effects of cannon fire and thunderstorms, as well as playing "'O Sole Mio" and "La Marseillaise" on an ocarina through a rubber tube in his anus.[7] He could also blow out a candle from several yards away.[3] His audience included Edward, Prince of Wales; King Leopold II of the Belgians; and Sigmund Freud.[8]
In 1894, the managers of the Moulin Rouge sued Pujol for an impromptu exhibition he gave to aid a friend struggling with economic difficulties. Pujol was fined 3,000 francs, and the Moulin Rouge lost their star attraction as the disagreement led him to set up his own travelling show called the Theatre Pompadour.[6]
In the following decade Pujol tried to 'refine' and make his acts 'gentler'; one of his favourite numbers became a rhyme about a farm which he himself composed, and which he punctuated with anal renditions of the animals' sounds.[6]
With the outbreak of World War I, Pujol retired from the stage and returned to his bakery in Marseilles.[9] Later he opened a biscuit factory in Toulon. He died in 1945,[10] aged 88, and was buried in the cemetery of La Valette-du-Var, where his grave can still be seen today.
Legacy edit
Le Pétomane left an enduring legacy and has inspired a number of artistic works. These include several musicals based on his life, such as The Fartiste (awarded Best Musical at the 2006 New York International Fringe Festival) and Seth Rozin's A Passing Wind which was premiered at the Philadelphia International Festival of the Arts in 2011. In addition, Le Pétomane was added to David Lee's 2007 reworked revival of the 1953 Broadway play Can-Can, which had originally been written by Abe Burroughs and Cole Porter. The updated play, staged at the Pasadena Playhouse, featured musical theatre actor Robert Yacko as the fartiste, with sound effects provided by the band's trombone and piccolo players.[citation needed]
The character has been portrayed several times in film. In 1979 Ian MacNaughton made a short humorous film, written by Galton and Simpson called Le Pétomane, based on Joseph Pujol's story and starring veteran comic actor Leonard Rossiter.[11] The 1983 Italian movie Il Petomane, directed by Pasquale Festa Campanile and starring Ugo Tognazzi, gives a poetic rendition of the character, contrasting his deep longing for normality with the condition of 'freak' to which his act relegated him. The 1998 documentary Le Pétomane by Igor Vamos examines Joseph Pujol's place in history through archival films (none of which actually include him), historical documents, photographs, recreations and fake or tongue-in-cheek interviews.[12]
Le Pétomane is also referenced in Blazing Saddles, a 1974 satirical Western comedy film directed by Mel Brooks. Brooks appears in multiple supporting roles, including the dim-witted Governor William J. Le Petomane, whose name suggests he is full of hot air.[13]
'Le Petoman' (without the e, because English-speaking audiences will pronounce -mane differently from -man) was adapted for the theatre in 2001 by Tony Stowers, from the book 'Le Petomane 1857–1945' by J. Nohain & F. Caradec. It was turned down by Hull Truck, Salisbury Playhouse and the National Theatre in the UK on the grounds that they felt their audiences would be 'too sophisticated' for the subject matter. Instead it has been read in English in Newcastle upon Tyne in 2005, in Paris in 2010 and again in Nantes in 2018, and to this day remains unperformed but often read. In 2010, it was translated into French by Tony Stowers and Kester Lovelace and appears in 'French Collection' and 'Plays: Volume Three' by Tony Stowers.
See also edit
References edit
Notes
- ^ Nohain, Jean; Caradec, Francois (1968). Le Petomane, 1857-1945. Translated by Tute, Warren. Los Angeles: Sherbourne Press.
- ^ Guide, British Comedy (2021-02-07). "Classical gas: Galton & Simpson's Le Pétomane - Comedy Chronicles". British Comedy Guide. Retrieved 2022-09-13.
- ^ a b "Le Pétomane: The Strange Life of a "Fartiste"". Retrieved 2012-02-02.
- ^ Moore, Alison (February 2013). "The Spectacular Anus of Joseph Pujol: Recovering the Pétomane's Unique Historic Context". French Cultural Studies. 24 (1): 27–43. doi:10.1177/0957155812466975. S2CID 193095075.
- ^ Kelner, Martin (23 Jul 2008). . The Guardian. Archived from the original on 17 March 2022. Retrieved 18 March 2022.
- ^ a b c Moore, A. (2013). The spectacular anus of Joseph Pujol: Recovering the Pétomane’s unique historic context. French Cultural Studies, 24(1), 27–43. doi:10.1177/0957155812466975
- ^ Did a French vaudeville star once specialize in trained flatulence? Accessed 2008-12-02
- ^ Begone With the Wind Accessed 2008-09-01
- ^ "Le Pétomane, The Mad Farter: Joseph Pujol – Riviera Reporter". www.rivierareporter.com. Retrieved 2018-02-09.
- ^ One source says his death occurred "shortly after the Allied landing", presumably a reference to D-Day, 6 June, but that was in 1944.
- ^ . British movies. Britmovie.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2010-12-03. Retrieved 2009-01-05.
- ^ White, Mike. . Cahiers du Cinémart. Archived from the original on 2011-07-16. Retrieved 2009-10-19.
- ^ "'Blazing Saddles' Producers Hid These Facts from the Public". 16 September 2019.
Further reading edit
- Moore, Alison (February 2013) "The Spectacular Anus of Joseph Pujol: Recovering the Pétomane's Unique Historic Context" French Cultural Studies v.24, n.1, pp. 27–43.
- Nohain, Jean and Caradec, F. (1993) [1967] Le Pétomane 1857–1945: A Tribute to the Unique Act Which Shook and Shattered the Moulin Rouge. Translated by Warren Tute. New York: Dorset Press ISBN 9781566193740; originally published by Sherbourne Press.