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Layer 8

Layer 8 is a term used to refer to user or political layer on top of the 7-layer OSI model of computer networking.[1][2]

The OSI model is a 7-layer abstract model that describes an architecture of data communications for networked computers. The layers build upon each other, allowing for the abstraction of specific functions in each one. The top (7th) layer is the Application Layer describing methods and protocols of software applications. It is then held that the user is the 8th layer.

Layers, defined edit

According to Bruce Schneier and RSA:

  • Layer 8: The individual person.
  • Layer 9: The organization.
  • Layer 10: Government or legal compliance[3]

Network World readers[4] humorously report:

  • Layer 8: Money - Provides network corruption by inspiring increased interference from the upper layer.
  • Layer 9: Politics - Consists of technically ignorant management that negatively impacts network performance and development.

and:

  • Layer 9: Politics. "Where the most difficult problems live."
  • Layer 8: The user factor. "It turned out to be another Layer-8 problem."
  • 7 through 1: The usual OSI layers
  • Layer 0: Funding. "Because we should always start troubleshooting from the lowest layer, and nothing can exist before the funding."

Since the OSI layer numbers are commonly used to discuss networking topics, a troubleshooter may describe an issue caused by a user to be a layer 8 issue, similar to the PEBKAC acronym, the ID-Ten-T Error and also PICNIC.[5]

Political economic theory[6] holds that the 8th layer is important to understanding the OSI Model. Political policies such as network neutrality, spectrum management, and digital inclusion all shape the technologies comprising layers 1–7 of the OSI Model.

An 8th layer has also been referenced to physical (real-world) controllers containing an external hardware device which interacts with an OSI model network. An example of this is ALI in Profibus.

A network guru T-shirt from the 1980s shows Layer 8 as the "financial" layer, and Layer 9 as the "political" layer.[7] The design was credited to Evi Nemeth.

Similar pseudo-layers for TCP/IP edit

In the TCP/IP model, the four-layer model of the Internet, a fifth layer is sometimes analogously described as the political layer, and the sixth as the religious layer. This appears in a humorous April Fools' Day RFC, RFC 2321, published in 1998.[8]

Other uses edit

  • Linux Gazette carries a regular column called Layer 8 Linux Security.[9]
  • Layers 8, 9, and 10 are sometimes used to represent individuals, organizations, and governments for the user layer of service-oriented architectures. See OSI User Layers figure for details.
  • User-in-the-loop is a serious concept including Layer 8 as a system-level model.
  • In 2016, a company shipped a product called Layer8 to "bridge the universal divide between PC users and IT managers".[10]
  • Layer 8 Conference & Podcast is a professional conference focusing on social engineering and OSINT. The podcast features experts in the fields of social engineering and OSINT.

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Gregg, Michael (2007-05-01), "OSI: Securing the Stack, Layer 8 – Social engineering and security policy", TechTarget
  2. ^ . North Carolina State University, Information Technology Division. 2005-01-05. Archived from the original on 2013-10-29. Retrieved 2018-05-10.
  3. ^ Farquhar, Ian (2010-12-07). . Archived from the original on 2013-05-24. Retrieved 2018-05-10.
  4. ^ Wexler, Steve Taylor and Joanie (2003-02-13). "Mailbag: OSI Layer 8 - money and politics". Network World. Retrieved 2021-11-19.
  5. ^ "Layer 8 Performance Issues". Apposite Tech. 2017-10-30. Retrieved 2018-05-10.
  6. ^ Mosco, Vincent (1996), The Political Economy of Communication: Rethinking and Renewal, SAGE Publications, Inc, ISBN 0-8039-8560-6.
  7. ^ . ISC. 2015-01-14. Archived from the original on 2018-01-05. Retrieved 2018-05-10.
  8. ^ RFC 2321
  9. ^ Kachold, Lisa (July 2009). "Layer 8 Linux Security: OPSEC for Linux Common Users, Developers and Systems Administrators". Linux Gazette. No. 164.
  10. ^ "OctoInsight's Layer8 technology helps rebranded company surge". Prnewswire. 2016-06-09. Retrieved 2018-05-10.

layer, term, used, refer, user, political, layer, layer, model, computer, networking, model, layer, abstract, model, that, describes, architecture, data, communications, networked, computers, layers, build, upon, each, other, allowing, abstraction, specific, f. Layer 8 is a term used to refer to user or political layer on top of the 7 layer OSI model of computer networking 1 2 The OSI model is a 7 layer abstract model that describes an architecture of data communications for networked computers The layers build upon each other allowing for the abstraction of specific functions in each one The top 7th layer is the Application Layer describing methods and protocols of software applications It is then held that the user is the 8th layer Contents 1 Layers defined 2 Similar pseudo layers for TCP IP 3 Other uses 4 See also 5 ReferencesLayers defined editAccording to Bruce Schneier and RSA Layer 8 The individual person Layer 9 The organization Layer 10 Government or legal compliance 3 Network World readers 4 humorously report Layer 8 Money Provides network corruption by inspiring increased interference from the upper layer Layer 9 Politics Consists of technically ignorant management that negatively impacts network performance and development and Layer 9 Politics Where the most difficult problems live Layer 8 The user factor It turned out to be another Layer 8 problem 7 through 1 The usual OSI layers Layer 0 Funding Because we should always start troubleshooting from the lowest layer and nothing can exist before the funding Since the OSI layer numbers are commonly used to discuss networking topics a troubleshooter may describe an issue caused by a user to be a layer 8 issue similar to the PEBKAC acronym the ID Ten T Error and also PICNIC 5 Political economic theory 6 holds that the 8th layer is important to understanding the OSI Model Political policies such as network neutrality spectrum management and digital inclusion all shape the technologies comprising layers 1 7 of the OSI Model An 8th layer has also been referenced to physical real world controllers containing an external hardware device which interacts with an OSI model network An example of this is ALI in Profibus A network guru T shirt from the 1980s shows Layer 8 as the financial layer and Layer 9 as the political layer 7 The design was credited to Evi Nemeth Similar pseudo layers for TCP IP editIn the TCP IP model the four layer model of the Internet a fifth layer is sometimes analogously described as the political layer and the sixth as the religious layer This appears in a humorous April Fools Day RFC RFC 2321 published in 1998 8 Other uses editLinux Gazette carries a regular column called Layer 8 Linux Security 9 Layers 8 9 and 10 are sometimes used to represent individuals organizations and governments for the user layer of service oriented architectures See OSI User Layers figure for details User in the loop is a serious concept including Layer 8 as a system level model In 2016 a company shipped a product called Layer8 to bridge the universal divide between PC users and IT managers 10 Layer 8 Conference amp Podcast is a professional conference focusing on social engineering and OSINT The podcast features experts in the fields of social engineering and OSINT See also editIRL LivewareReferences edit Gregg Michael 2007 05 01 OSI Securing the Stack Layer 8 Social engineering and security policy TechTarget The Layer 8 Initiative North Carolina State University Information Technology Division 2005 01 05 Archived from the original on 2013 10 29 Retrieved 2018 05 10 Farquhar Ian 2010 12 07 Engineering Security Solutions at Layer 8 and Above Archived from the original on 2013 05 24 Retrieved 2018 05 10 Wexler Steve Taylor and Joanie 2003 02 13 Mailbag OSI Layer 8 money and politics Network World Retrieved 2021 11 19 Layer 8 Performance Issues Apposite Tech 2017 10 30 Retrieved 2018 05 10 Mosco Vincent 1996 The Political Economy of Communication Rethinking and Renewal SAGE Publications Inc ISBN 0 8039 8560 6 ISC 9 Layer OSI Model Cotton T Shirt ISC 2015 01 14 Archived from the original on 2018 01 05 Retrieved 2018 05 10 RFC 2321 Kachold Lisa July 2009 Layer 8 Linux Security OPSEC for Linux Common Users Developers and Systems Administrators Linux Gazette No 164 OctoInsight s Layer8 technology helps rebranded company surge Prnewswire 2016 06 09 Retrieved 2018 05 10 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Layer 8 amp oldid 1219906824, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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