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Langweiler is an archaeological site situated in the Merzbach Valley on the Aldenhovener Plateau of western Germany. Systematic excavations have revealed evidence of 160 houses from eight distinct settlement sites, plus three enclosures and a cemetery, belonging to the period 5300-4900 BC. The site is a key region for understanding the nature of the earliest farming societies in west-central Europe (Bandkeramik era).
Extensive surveys done from 1973 to 1981 contributed to recovery of the largest settlements in the valley before destruction of the area for mining.[1]: 5
There are different types of settlements at Langweiler. The sites can be divided into three groupings on the basis of size: single farmsteads, clusters of 2-3 farmsteads and II farmsteads. Each settlement had access to a portion of the valley floor, perhaps seasonal pasture for cattle and to the drier gravel terraces for farming.[2]
The settlement at Langweiler 8 lasted over 300 years, with permanent occupation of about 15 houses.[3]
House typesedit
The houses of Langweiler settlements fall into three types - long, medium and small – and these are present in the proportions 83:12:5. Medium and smaller houses are found only in the middle and later phases of the Langweiler settlement cycle. Most houses are oriented northwest/southeast, perhaps in response to the prevailing wind direction in central and western Europe, but also indicating adherence to a long-established cultural norm.
The building parcels at Langweiler 9 show up to four outlines, indicating multiple rebuilding at the same location.[3]: 65
Farming economyedit
The agricultural basis for these Bandkeramik settlements is reconstructed as small-scale cereal cultivation in fixed plots adjacent to the settlements. This replaces an earlier model that proposed shifting slash-and-burn agriculture as the typical Bandkeramik farming mode. Land may have been cleared for agriculture by burning off the vegetation, but the abundance of weed seeds suggests that fields were in use for periods long enough for persistent weed communities to become established.
Ritual activitiesedit
During the latest stage of the Merzbach Bandkeramik period, special enclosures were constructed which may have been the setting for social or ritual activities by whole communities. These were built in areas clear of houses, or on the edges of settlements, as if for special gatherings. The enclosure at Langweiler 9 is thought to have continued use (for occasional feasts) after the adjacent settlement has been abandoned. Shortly afterwards, the Bandkeramik occupation of the Merzbach Valley came to an end.
Referencesedit
^Prehistoric settlement patterns around the southern North Sea : papers presented at a colloq[u]ium, held in honour of Professor Dr. P.J.R. Modderman, Leiden, 3-7 May 1982. P. J. R. Modderman. Leiden: University Press. 1982. ISBN90-04-07148-2. OCLC 11295538.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
^Bogucki, Peter (1988). Forest Farmers and Stockherders: Early Agriculture and Its Consequences in North-Central Europe. Cambridge University Press. p. 63. ISBN978-0-521-32959-0.
^ abSaqalli, Mehdi; Salavert, Aurélie; Bréhard, Stéphanie; Bendrey, Robin; Vigne, Jean-Denis; Tresset, Anne (2014). "Revisiting and modelling the woodland farming system of the early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture (LBK), 5600-4900 B.C." Vegetation History and Archaeobotany. 23: S38. doi:10.1007/s00334-014-0436-4. ISSN 0939-6314. JSTOR 43554243. S2CID 58943277.
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You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in German October 2020 Click show for important translation instructions Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 9 096 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing German Wikipedia article at de Langweiler 8 see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated de Langweiler 8 to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation Langweiler is an archaeological site situated in the Merzbach Valley on the Aldenhovener Plateau of western Germany Systematic excavations have revealed evidence of 160 houses from eight distinct settlement sites plus three enclosures and a cemetery belonging to the period 5300 4900 BC The site is a key region for understanding the nature of the earliest farming societies in west central Europe Bandkeramik era Extensive surveys done from 1973 to 1981 contributed to recovery of the largest settlements in the valley before destruction of the area for mining 1 5 Contents 1 Settlement types 2 House types 3 Farming economy 4 Ritual activities 5 ReferencesSettlement types editThere are different types of settlements at Langweiler The sites can be divided into three groupings on the basis of size single farmsteads clusters of 2 3 farmsteads and II farmsteads Each settlement had access to a portion of the valley floor perhaps seasonal pasture for cattle and to the drier gravel terraces for farming 2 The settlement at Langweiler 8 lasted over 300 years with permanent occupation of about 15 houses 3 House types editThe houses of Langweiler settlements fall into three types long medium and small and these are present in the proportions 83 12 5 Medium and smaller houses are found only in the middle and later phases of the Langweiler settlement cycle Most houses are oriented northwest southeast perhaps in response to the prevailing wind direction in central and western Europe but also indicating adherence to a long established cultural norm The building parcels at Langweiler 9 show up to four outlines indicating multiple rebuilding at the same location 3 65 Farming economy editThe agricultural basis for these Bandkeramik settlements is reconstructed as small scale cereal cultivation in fixed plots adjacent to the settlements This replaces an earlier model that proposed shifting slash and burn agriculture as the typical Bandkeramik farming mode Land may have been cleared for agriculture by burning off the vegetation but the abundance of weed seeds suggests that fields were in use for periods long enough for persistent weed communities to become established Ritual activities editDuring the latest stage of the Merzbach Bandkeramik period special enclosures were constructed which may have been the setting for social or ritual activities by whole communities These were built in areas clear of houses or on the edges of settlements as if for special gatherings The enclosure at Langweiler 9 is thought to have continued use for occasional feasts after the adjacent settlement has been abandoned Shortly afterwards the Bandkeramik occupation of the Merzbach Valley came to an end References edit Prehistoric settlement patterns around the southern North Sea papers presented at a colloq u ium held in honour of Professor Dr P J R Modderman Leiden 3 7 May 1982 P J R Modderman Leiden University Press 1982 ISBN 90 04 07148 2 OCLC 11295538 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint others link Bogucki Peter 1988 Forest Farmers and Stockherders Early Agriculture and Its Consequences in North Central Europe Cambridge University Press p 63 ISBN 978 0 521 32959 0 a b Saqalli Mehdi Salavert Aurelie Brehard Stephanie Bendrey Robin Vigne Jean Denis Tresset Anne 2014 Revisiting and modelling the woodland farming system of the early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture LBK 5600 4900 B C Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 23 S38 doi 10 1007 s00334 014 0436 4 ISSN 0939 6314 JSTOR 43554243 S2CID 58943277 50 52 54 N 6 15 10 E 50 88167 N 6 25278 E 50 88167 6 25278 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Langweiler archaeological site amp oldid 1186836709, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
