Light pollution exacerbated by excessive, misdirected or obtrusive use of light, but even carefully used light fundamentally alters natural conditions. As a major side-effect of urbanization, it is blamed for compromising health, disrupting ecosystems and spoiling aesthetic environments.
The public landscape and gardens have been illuminated for as long as interior structures have – for beauty, security, circulation, and social occasions; since ancient times by firelight from wood, candles, and animal-plant oil fells in torches, sconces and lanterns. Since the 17th century's introductions of new interior illumination fuels, the technology has then been used outdoors and in gardens. As systems were developed for power delivery, Gas lighting of the 19th century and electric light of the 20th century became part of exterior functioning and design.[1]
Current
Conventionally generated and sourced electricity remains the most used source for landscape lighting in the early twenty-first century. With the combination of increasing demand for more efficient lighting, increasing availability of sustainable designs, global warming considerations, and aesthetic and safety concerns in garden and landscape design the methods and equipment of outdoor illumination have been evolving. The increasing use of LEDs, solar power, low voltage fixtures, energy efficient lamps, and energy-saving lighting design are examples of innovation in the field.[1]
Lighting components
There are many different types of landscape lighting systems, controls and switching, wiring connections, fixture types, functions-purposes-styles, and light sources.
Components can include:
Power
connection to main property power source (code and permit determined)
Transformers (12v and multi-tap transformers)
Timers
Light sensor switching (photocells)
motion sensor switching
Manual 'light switches'
automated light switching units-systems
remote lighting switching - on-property devices, off-site phone or online systems
landscape, lighting, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, july, . This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Landscape lighting news newspapers books scholar JSTOR July 2017 Learn how and when to remove this template message Landscape lighting or garden lighting refers to the use of outdoor illumination of private gardens and public landscapes for the enhancement and purposes of safety nighttime aesthetics accessibility security recreation and sports and social and event uses Central Park on a foggy night Light pollution exacerbated by excessive misdirected or obtrusive use of light but even carefully used light fundamentally alters natural conditions As a major side effect of urbanization it is blamed for compromising health disrupting ecosystems and spoiling aesthetic environments Contents 1 History 2 Current 3 Lighting components 4 Underwater 5 Upcoming 6 See also 7 References 8 Further readingHistory EditThe public landscape and gardens have been illuminated for as long as interior structures have for beauty security circulation and social occasions since ancient times by firelight from wood candles and animal plant oil fells in torches sconces and lanterns Since the 17th century s introductions of new interior illumination fuels the technology has then been used outdoors and in gardens As systems were developed for power delivery Gas lighting of the 19th century and electric light of the 20th century became part of exterior functioning and design 1 Current EditConventionally generated and sourced electricity remains the most used source for landscape lighting in the early twenty first century With the combination of increasing demand for more efficient lighting increasing availability of sustainable designs global warming considerations and aesthetic and safety concerns in garden and landscape design the methods and equipment of outdoor illumination have been evolving The increasing use of LEDs solar power low voltage fixtures energy efficient lamps and energy saving lighting design are examples of innovation in the field 1 Lighting components EditThere are many different types of landscape lighting systems controls and switching wiring connections fixture types functions purposes styles and light sources Components can include Power connection to main property power source code and permit determined Transformers 12v and multi tap transformers Timers Light sensor switching photocells motion sensor switching Manual light switches automated light switching units systems remote lighting switching on property devices off site phone or online systems Electric wiring conduit underground for line voltage vulnerable locations under or in constructed elements pavements cable wire underground per codes for line and low voltage above ground at stake mounted and tree mounted fixtures Light fixtures fixed location line voltage 120 V U S or 240 V Europe and low voltage 12 V U S 2 Post mount column mount Address light Wall mount Ceiling mount hanging fixture Security lights Tree lights up and down lights In grade fixtures uplights buried in ground top flush with surface Adjustable aim bullet uplight sports court lights i e tennis courts portable fixtures hard wired or plug in wet location rated interior style fixtures string lighting holiday lights bulbs and LED Light fixtures low voltage 12V U S modest location adjustments path lights area lights uplights directional spot and flood lights stake mount wall lights surface mount tree mount lights down lights deck lights surface mount well lights mounted below grade hardscape lights integrated into walls step lights recessed into catherine risers rope lighting fiber opticsUnderwater Edit An illuminated fountain at the Teatro Principal in Mexico Water features swimming pools hot tubs plunge pools water gardens reflecting pools fountains garden ponds constructed streams and waterfalls Light sources underwater fixed mount fixtures i e pool wall light movable uplights fiber optic lights floating fixture lights rechargeable battery amp solar photovoltaicUpcoming EditThis section needs expansion You can help by adding to it July 2017 DIY designs in public domain 3 See also EditLighting designer Garden designer Landscape designer Landscape architect Lighting for the elderly Architectural lighting designReferences Edit a b The Landscape Lighting Book ISBN 0 471 45136 3 Landscape Lighting Highlighting Landscape Architecture at Night 12VMonster Lighting Retrieved 17 July 2017 DIY Plans of simple autonomous automated electric torch Archived 2009 03 22 at the Wayback MachineFurther reading EditThe Landscape Lighting Book Janet Lennox Moyer John Wiley and Sons 2013 ISBN 978 1 118 07382 7 cloth 978 1 118 41593 1 ebk Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Landscape lighting amp oldid 1088724150, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
