The lamellar helmet (German language: Lamellenhelm, plural Lamellenhelme) was a type of helmet used in Europe during the Early Middle Ages. Examples are characterized by caps made from overlapping lamellar scales, in addition to a brow plate, cheek guards, and camail. They are distinct from the contemporary spangenhelm and crested helmets also found in Europe; unlike those, which are influenced by Roman designs, Lamellenhelme display eastern influence and have primarily been found in southeastern Europe. They are mostly associated with the Avars of Pannonia and the Lombards of Italy.[2][3]
Reconstruction of the Lamellenhelm from Niederstotzingen. Dated 560-600 CE. This is considered as an Avar lamellar helmet.[1]
Lamellenhelme are characterized by overlapping plates—a form of lamellar armour—with caps of conical shape and plumes at the top.[4][5] They also tend to have brow plates, cheek pieces, and, like spangenhelme, camail protecting the neck.[5]
The Lamellenhelm was one of three primary designs of helmets that proliferated throughout 6th- and 7th-century Europe; the others were the spangenhelm and the northern crested helmet.[6] They are categorized by Heiko Steuer with 'other helmets of eastern origin,'[4] and have been principally found in southeastern Europe.[5] Unlike spangenhelme and the northern crested helmets, which likely derive from Roman helmet designs, the Lamellenhelm appears to have been used by and influenced by eastern European cultures, such as the Avars.[4][5]
Lamellenhelme also seem to have been used by the Lombards,[4][5] a Germanic people who ruled most of the Italian Peninsula from 568 to 774. This is suggested both by the discovery of parts of such helmets in Italy, and by the discovery of a brow plate displaying the inscription VICTORIA D[OMINO] N[OSTRO] AGILUL[FO] REGI, ("Victory to our lord, king Agilulf") which names Agilulf, a Lombard king who ruled from 591 to 616.[4][7] The plate also contains a figural scene showing the seated king and, on his left and right, warriors who themselves are wearing comparable plumed helmets.[4] The plate was once part of a helmet that was likely owned by a high-ranking follower of the king.[4]
Lamellar helmets in Central Asiaedit
Knights wearing lamellar helmets depicted in the "Cave of the Painters" at the Kizil Caves, 5th century CE. The sword guards have typical Hunnish designs of rectangle or oval shapes with cloisonné ornamentation .[8]
Lamellar helmets were popularized in Central Asia by the steppe nomads.[9] Knights wearing dome-shaped lamellar helmets with cup-shaped finials, and armed with swords with Hunnish cloisonné designs, can be seen in the "Cave of the Painters" at the Kizil Caves, and are dated to the 5th century CE.[8] Lamellar helmets were adopted by the Sasanian Empire when they took control of former Hephthalite territory.[9] This type of helmet appears in sculptures on pillar capitals at Ṭāq-e Bostān and Behistun, and on the Anahita coinage of Khosrow II (r. 590-628 CE).[9]
^Kubik, Adam (2008). "The Kizil Caves as an terminus post quem of the Central and Western Asiatic pear-shape spangenhelm type helmets The David Collection helmet and its place in the evolution of multisegmented dome helmets, Historia i Świat nr 7/2018, 141-156". Histïria I Swiat. 7: 151.
^ abKubik, Adam (2008). "The Kizil Caves as an terminus post quem of the Central and Western Asiatic pear-shape spangenhelm type helmets The David Collection helmet and its place in the evolution of multisegmented dome helmets, Historia i Świat nr 7/2018, 141-156". Histïria I Swiat. 7: 143-144.
^ abcSKUPNIEWICZ, Patryk (Siedlce University, Poland) (2017). "On the Helmet on the Capital at Ṭāq-e Bostān again" in "Crowns, hats, turbans and helmets.The headgear in Iranian history volume I: Pre-Islamic Period". Siedlce-Tehran: K. Maksymiuk & G. Karamian. p. 211.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Bibliographyedit
Steuer, Heiko (1987). "Helm und Ringschwert: Prunkbewaffnung und Rangabzeichen germanischer Krieger". In Häßler, Hans-Jürgen (ed.). Studien zur Sachsenforschung. Vol. 6. Hildesheim: Lax. pp. 189–236. ISBN3-7848-1617-7. (in German)
Tweddle, Dominic (1992). (PDF). The Archaeology of York. Vol. 17/8. London: Council for British Archaeology. ISBN1-872414-19-2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 February 2017.
April 11, 2024
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The lamellar helmet German language Lamellenhelm plural Lamellenhelme was a type of helmet used in Europe during the Early Middle Ages Examples are characterized by caps made from overlapping lamellar scales in addition to a brow plate cheek guards and camail They are distinct from the contemporary spangenhelm and crested helmets also found in Europe unlike those which are influenced by Roman designs Lamellenhelme display eastern influence and have primarily been found in southeastern Europe They are mostly associated with the Avars of Pannonia and the Lombards of Italy 2 3 Reconstruction of the Lamellenhelm from Niederstotzingen Dated 560 600 CE This is considered as an Avar lamellar helmet 1 Contents 1 Description 2 Lamellar helmets in Central Asia 3 See also 4 References 5 BibliographyDescription editLamellenhelme are characterized by overlapping plates a form of lamellar armour with caps of conical shape and plumes at the top 4 5 They also tend to have brow plates cheek pieces and like spangenhelme camail protecting the neck 5 The Lamellenhelm was one of three primary designs of helmets that proliferated throughout 6th and 7th century Europe the others were the spangenhelm and the northern crested helmet 6 They are categorized by Heiko Steuer with other helmets of eastern origin 4 and have been principally found in southeastern Europe 5 Unlike spangenhelme and the northern crested helmets which likely derive from Roman helmet designs the Lamellenhelm appears to have been used by and influenced by eastern European cultures such as the Avars 4 5 Lamellenhelme also seem to have been used by the Lombards 4 5 a Germanic people who ruled most of the Italian Peninsula from 568 to 774 This is suggested both by the discovery of parts of such helmets in Italy and by the discovery of a brow plate displaying the inscription VICTORIA D OMINO N OSTRO AGILUL FO REGI Victory to our lord king Agilulf which names Agilulf a Lombard king who ruled from 591 to 616 4 7 The plate also contains a figural scene showing the seated king and on his left and right warriors who themselves are wearing comparable plumed helmets 4 The plate was once part of a helmet that was likely owned by a high ranking follower of the king 4 Lamellar helmets in Central Asia edit nbsp Knights wearing lamellar helmets depicted in the Cave of the Painters at the Kizil Caves 5th century CE The sword guards have typical Hunnish designs of rectangle or oval shapes with cloisonne ornamentation nbsp 8 Lamellar helmets were popularized in Central Asia by the steppe nomads 9 Knights wearing dome shaped lamellar helmets with cup shaped finials and armed with swords with Hunnish cloisonne designs can be seen in the Cave of the Painters at the Kizil Caves and are dated to the 5th century CE 8 Lamellar helmets were adopted by the Sasanian Empire when they took control of former Hephthalite territory 9 This type of helmet appears in sculptures on pillar capitals at Ṭaq e Bostan and Behistun and on the Anahita coinage of Khosrow II r 590 628 CE 9 nbsp A print of a lamellar helmet nbsp The Agiluf helmet plate nbsp Helmets in the Cave of the Painters 5th century CESee also editSpangenhelmReferences edit Kubik Adam 2008 The Kizil Caves as an terminus post quem of the Central and Western Asiatic pear shape spangenhelm type helmets The David Collection helmet and its place in the evolution of multisegmented dome helmets Historia i Swiat nr 7 2018 141 156 Histiria I Swiat 7 151 Tweddle 1992 pp 1082 1087 Steuer 1987 pp 197 198 229 230 a b c d e f g Steuer 1987 p 197 a b c d e Tweddle 1992 p 1083 Steuer 1987 p 191 Tweddle 1992 pp 1083 1085 a b Kubik Adam 2008 The Kizil Caves as an terminus post quem of the Central and Western Asiatic pear shape spangenhelm type helmets The David Collection helmet and its place in the evolution of multisegmented dome helmets Historia i Swiat nr 7 2018 141 156 Histiria I Swiat 7 143 144 a b c SKUPNIEWICZ Patryk Siedlce University Poland 2017 On the Helmet on the Capital at Ṭaq e Bostan again in Crowns hats turbans and helmets The headgear in Iranian history volume I Pre Islamic Period Siedlce Tehran K Maksymiuk amp G Karamian p 211 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a CS1 maint multiple names authors list link Bibliography editSteuer Heiko 1987 Helm und Ringschwert Prunkbewaffnung und Rangabzeichen germanischer Krieger In Hassler Hans Jurgen ed Studien zur Sachsenforschung Vol 6 Hildesheim Lax pp 189 236 ISBN 3 7848 1617 7 in German nbsp Tweddle Dominic 1992 The Anglian Helmet from 16 22 Coppergate PDF The Archaeology of York Vol 17 8 London Council for British Archaeology ISBN 1 872414 19 2 Archived from the original PDF on 25 February 2017 nbsp Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Lamellar helmet amp oldid 1188108446, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
