Lamar River
The Lamar River is a tributary of the Yellowstone River, approximately 40 miles (64 km) long, in northwestern Wyoming in the United States. The river is located entirely within Yellowstone National Park.
| Lamar River | |
|---|---|
The Lamar River in 1998 showing trees burned in the 1988 wildfires | |
| Location | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Wyoming |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Source | |
| • location | Absaroka Range, Wyoming |
| • coordinates | 44°21′19″N 109°49′33″W / 44.35528°N 109.82583°W[1] |
| Mouth | Yellowstone River |
• location | Tower Junction, Wyoming |
• coordinates | 44°55′45″N 110°24′07″W / 44.92917°N 110.40194°W[1] |
| Length | 40 mi (64 km) |
| Discharge | |
| • location | Tower Ranger Station |
| • average | 884 cu ft/s (25.0 m3/s)[2] |
| Basin features | |
| Tributaries | |
| • left | Soda Butte Creek |
| • right | Slough Creek |
History edit
Prior to the 1884–85 Geological Survey of the park, the Lamar was known as the East Fork of the Yellowstone River. During that survey, Geologist Arnold Hague named the river for L.Q.C. (Lucius Quintius Cincinnatus) Lamar,[3] then Secretary of the Interior (March 1885 – January 1888), and a former slaveholder and author of the Mississippi Ordinance of Secession. The Lamar Valley, or the Secluded Valley of Trapper Osborne Russell and other park features or administrative names which contain Lamar are derived from this original naming.[4]
Osborne Russell in his 1921 Journal of a Trapper described the Lamar as follows:
Chapter-VI-In the Yellowstone Country-A Garden of Eden Inhabited By a Small Party of Snake Indians - On the 28th [July 1834] we crossed the mountain in a westerly direction through the thick pines and fallen timber, about twelve miles, and encamped in a small prairie about a mile in circumference. Through this valley ran a small stream in a northerly direction, which all agreed in believing to be a branch of the Yellowstone. 29th-We descended the stream about fifteen miles through the dense forest and at length came to a beautiful valley about eight miles long and three or four wide, surrounded by dark and lofty mountains. The stream, after running through the center in a northwesterly direction, rushed down a tremendous canyon of basaltic rock apparently just wide enough to admit its waters. The banks of the stream in the valley were low and skirted in many places with beautiful cottonwood groves. Here we found a few Snake Indians comprising six men, seven women and eight or ten children, who were the only inhabitants of the lonely and secluded spot.
— Osborne Russell, Journal of a Trapper,1921[5]
In 1869, the Cook–Folsom–Peterson Expedition encountered the Lamar River (East Fork) just upstream from the canyon section flowing into the Yellowstone and traveled upstream to the confluence of Calfee Creek where they camped on September 16, 1869.[6]
Location and tributaries edit
It rises in the Absaroka Range, on the eastern edge of the park, and flows northwest through the northeast corner of the park. It is joined by many tributary streams, including Soda Butte Creek and Slough Creek and joins the Yellowstone near Tower Junction, below the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone. The river flows through a portion of the park hit hard by the 1988 wildfires.
Angling edit
The Lamar River, with its tributaries is a popular destination for fly fishing in Yellowstone Park.[7][8] The access is very easy and the cutthroat fishing is some of the best in the world. There are some rainbow trout in the river below the road bridge, but the primary fishing throughout the drainage is for Yellowstone cutthroat trout. Cutthroat trout in the Lamar offer good dry fly fishing with heavy hatches of caddis, pale morning duns, and large Green Drakes in July. Terrestrials are prominent in late summer.[9][10] The Lamar and its tributaries are not usually fishable until about the second week of July, because of high water, so check conditions by contacting local fly stores. The National Park Service has made frequent changes to the regulations for the Lamar and for its tributaries including Slough Creek and Soda Butte, and in 2018 has made significant new changes. Anglers are now required to kill all non-native fish, including rainbow trout, brook trout, and identifiable rainbow/cutthroat hybrids throughout the Lamar drainage. On page 14 of the 2018 regulations they still say that if it has a red slash put it back, but that is clearly superseded by the region specific requirement that if a fish landed in the Lamar drainage is clearly identifiable as a hybrid then it must be killed, even if it has a red slash, with the caveat that "if you don't know, let it go." Another significant change to the Park-wide fishing regulations is that felt soles are no longer permitted on waders. Other Park-wide regulations, that continue from previous years, are that barbed hooks, lead weights, lead split shot, and live bait are banned.[11]
Wildlife edit
Along the river, there are pronghorn, bison, and bear within the area of the Lamar River Valley. Around the world, it is one of the most consistent environments to view wolves.[12] There are two famous wolf packs in the area. The Lamar Canyon and Junction Butte wolf packs inhabit the area along the Lamar River.[13] and is widely known as one of the best places in Yellowstone National Park to view wildlife, especially grizzly bears and wolves.[14] Three locations in the valley—Soda Butte, Crystal Creek and Rose Creek were the sites for the 1995 re-introduction of wolves into Yellowstone.[15] Birds in the area include osprey and bald eagle. The area along the Lamar River is often referred to as America's Serengeti.[16]
Hiking edit
The Lamar River Trail is a seven mile long round-trip hiking trail. The trail's hiking difficulty is easy and the trip can be completed in one day. Along this trail, it is possible to see the extensive wildlife habitat the area has to offer. Even if one does not hike the entire trail, even only when hiking a few miles you will be near herds of bison along the trail. There are two great campsites, 3L1 and 3L2, along the trail within the area near Cache Creek. However, campsite 3L2 can be hard to access in the spring when the Lamar River is high, as it requires a ford in order to reach it. Along the upper sections of the trail one can find outfitters offering guided trips on horseback to go deep into the wilderness.[17]
Climate edit
| Climate data for Lamar Ranger Station, elev. 6,600 feet (2,000 m) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 24.6 (−4.1) | 30.7 (−0.7) | 37.5 (3.1) | 48.7 (9.3) | 60.6 (15.9) | 68.4 (20.2) | 78.2 (25.7) | 76.6 (24.8) | 68.0 (20.0) | 55.8 (13.2) | 37.4 (3.0) | 26.8 (−2.9) | 51.1 (10.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 0.8 (−17.3) | 4.2 (−15.4) | 9.1 (−12.7) | 20.0 (−6.7) | 27.2 (−2.7) | 33.3 (0.7) | 36.3 (2.4) | 34.2 (1.2) | 27.1 (−2.7) | 20.1 (−6.6) | 11.1 (−11.6) | 1.9 (−16.7) | 18.8 (−7.3) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 0.97 (25) | 0.63 (16) | 0.67 (17) | 0.90 (23) | 1.45 (37) | 2.05 (52) | 1.40 (36) | 1.36 (35) | 1.45 (37) | 0.94 (24) | 0.79 (20) | 0.89 (23) | 13.51 (343) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 20.7 (53) | 15.0 (38) | 13.4 (34) | 8.5 (22) | 1.9 (4.8) | 0.3 (0.76) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1.9 (4.8) | 4.0 (10) | 10.9 (28) | 17.6 (45) | 94.2 (239) |
| [citation needed] | |||||||||||||
- Lamar River, 1959
- Lamar River, 1969
- Lamar River, 1977
- Lamar River, January 2009
- Photo from September 2018 looking from the Lamar River to the northeast toward Bison Peak
See also edit
Notes edit
- ^ a b U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Lamar River, USGS GNIS
- ^ "USGS Surface Water data for Montana: USGS Surface-Water Annual Statistics".
- ^ Gannett, Henry (1905). The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States. Government Printing Office. pp. 180.
- ^ Haines, Aubrey L. (1996). Yellowstone Place Names-Mirrors of History. Niwot, Colorado: University Press of Colorado. pp. 106–107. ISBN 0-87081-382-X.
- ^ Russell, Osborne (1921). Journal of a Trapper-Nine Years in the Rocky Mountains (1834-1843). Boise, Idaho: Symes-York Company. p. 31.
- ^ Cook, Charles W.; Folsom, Dave E.; Peterson, William (1965). Haines, Aubrey L. (ed.). The Valley of the Upper Yellowstone-An Exploration of the Headwaters of the Yellowstone River in the Year 1869. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press. pp. 26–27.
- ^ Mathews, Craig; Molinero, Clayton (1997). The Yellowstone Fly-Fishing Guide—An authoritative guide to the waters of Yellowstone National Park. Guilford, CT: The Lyons Press. ISBN 1-55821-545-X.
- ^ Parks, Richard (1998). Fishing Yellowstone National Park. Helena, MT: Falcon Press. ISBN 1-56044-625-0.
- ^ Parks, Richard (1998). Fishing Yellowstone National Park. Helena, MT: Falcon Press. pp. 190–94. ISBN 1-56044-625-0.
- ^ Mathews, Craig; Molinero, Clayton (1997). The Yellowstone Fly-Fishing Guide-A authoritative guide to the waters of Yellowstone National Park. Guilford, CT: The Lyons Press. pp. 77–81. ISBN 1-55821-545-X.
- ^ "Fishing in Yellowstone's Northeast". National Park Service. Retrieved 2017-05-26.
- ^ "Plan Your Visit - Yellowstone National Park" (PDF).
- ^ Kwak-Hefferan, Elisabeth (27 February 2018). "My Yellowstone Park - Watch Wildlife in the Lamar Valley and Hayden Valley". My Yellowstone Park.
- ^ French, Brett (September 27, 2021). "Montana wolf hunt criticized by Yellowstone Park superintendent". Billings Gazette. Retrieved 2021-09-28.
- ^ Phillips, Michael K and Smith Douglas W. (1997). Yellowstone Wolf Project-Biennial Report 1995-96 (PDF) (Report). National Park Service.
- ^ Kwak-Hefferan, Elisabeth (27 September 2018). "My Yellowstone Park - Watch Wildlife in Lamar Valley and Hayden Valley". My Yellowstone Park.
- ^ "Trail Guides Yellowstone - Lamar River Trail to Cache Creek, Yellowstone National Park". Trail Guides Yellowstone.