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Mitrailleuse d'Avion Browning - F.N. Calibre 13,2 mm

January 21, 2023

Browning Aircraft Machine Gun - F.N. Caliber 13.2 mm (French: Mitrailleuse d'Avion Browning - F.N. Calibre 13,2 mm), more commonly known as the 13.2 mm FN Browning,[6] but also 13.2 mm Browning-F.N.,[2] F.N. Caliber 13.2 mm,[7] FN Browning M.1939 and the like, was a 13.2 mm (0.52 in) caliber, shell-firing, heavy machine gun for aircraft use,[2][1] designed by Fabrique Nationale (F.N.) in Herstal, Belgium, as a private export venture during the final years prior to World War II.[2]

Mitrailleuse d'Avion Browning - F.N. Calibre 13,2 mm
13.2 mm FN Browning
Swedish 13.2 mm automatkanon m/39A
TypeAircraft ordnance:
1. – machine gun[1]
2. – shell-firing gun[2]
3. – autocannon[3]
Place of origin Belgium
Service history
In serviceSwedish Air Force
1939–1957: frontline[4]
1951–2007: exercise[5]
Used by Sweden
 Romania
 Finland
WarsWorld War II
Production history
Designed1938
ManufacturerFN Herstal
L.M.E
Produced1939-ca 1946
VariantsSee Variants
Specifications
MassCannon weight: 24.3 kg (54 lb)
Barrel weight: 3.3 kg (7.3 lb)
Link weight: 0.017 kg (0.037 lb)
Length1,415 mm (55.7 in)
(1,450 mm (57 in) with flash hider)
Barrel length816.5 mm (32.15 in)
(919 mm (36.2 in) with flash hider)
Cartridge13.2×99mm Hotchkiss
12.7×99mm Browning
Cartridge weighton average 120 g (0.26 lb) (13.2 x 99 Hotchkiss)
Caliber13.2 mm (0.52 in) (original)
12.7 mm (0.50 in) (later)
BarrelsThe barrel had eight constantly rising grooves going right.
400 mm (16 in)/revolution
Groove depth was 0.16 mm (0.0063 in)
ActionElectrical
Rate of fire1 080 rpm (standard)
600 rpm (lowest)
1 500 rpm (highest)
Muzzle velocity810–900 m/s (13.2 x 99 Hotchkiss)
Effective firing rangeTracer to 1,000 m (1,100 yd)
Maximum firing rangeca 7,000 m (7,700 yd)
Feed systemBelt fed (able to feed from both left and right)
SightsReflexsikte m/37 (Saab 18 & 21)
Reflexsikte m/42B (FFVS J 22)
Gyroreflexsikte K-14 (Saab 21A-3)
References

Even though it gained great interest during its limited time on the export market, it only managed to be exported to the air forces of Romania and Sweden prior to the German invasion of Belgium in 1940, later also being pirate produced in Finland with the help from Sweden.[8][9]

Development and description

The 13.2 mm FN Browning was developed by FN as an improved version of the Browning .50 in (12.7 mm) air-cooled MG53 aircraft machine gun. Improvements to the original design included: making the weapon lighter, increasing the rate of fire and offering it in not just 12.7×99mm Browning, but also 13.2×99mm Hotchkiss,[10] the latter cartridge effectively being a 12.7×99mm Browning cartridge but with a caliber of 13.2 mm (0.52 in).[11] The 13.2×99mm Hotchkiss cartridge was the initial cartridge developed for the 13.2 mm Hotchkiss machine gun, being replaced by the 13.2×96mm Hotchkiss cartridge in 1935,[11] and was thus used and produced by a wide variety of countries in Europe. To further improve on the design, FN developed a high-explosive shell against air targets for the 13.2×99mm Hotchkiss cartridge, purpose built for the 13.2 mm FN Browning.[1]

While basically a heavy machine gun, the implementation of exploding bullets in the 13.2 mm caliber allows this weapon to be called a "cannon",[3] or as the magazine Flight International described it in 1939, a "shell firing gun".[2] Normally, especially at the time, conventional explosive munition starts being offered at caliber 20 mm.[2]

Interest & export

Due to the above-mentioned features, the 13.2 mm FN Browning drew a lot of interest from a number of nations when it entered the export market in 1939.[2] Some interested countries of note were: the Finnish Air Force,[7] the Royal Romanian Air Force,[6] the Swedish Air Force,[8] the Royal Netherlands Army Aviation Brigade[12] and the Royal Belgian Military Aviation themselves.[13] The Dutch planned to use the 13.2 mm FN Browning in their in-development Fokker D.XXIII fighter aircraft,[12] while the Belgians had plans on using it in their in-development Renard R.36 fighter aircraft and its subsequent variants R.37,[14] R.38[13] and R.42.[15] However with the start of WW2, and the subsequent invasion and occupation of Belgium by Nazi Germany in the summer of 1940, the 13.2 mm FN Browning was, in that limited time, only exported to Romania[6] and Sweden.[8]

Users

Romania

The few weapons that were sold to Romania were at first used on their SM.79 bombers but later saw use on their own indigenous IAR 80B fighter plane. In Romania the weapons saw combat and were considered equal to the 20 mm weapons used in the Romanian air force such as the MG 151/20.

Sweden

Sweden gained interest in the 13.2 mm FN Browning in 1938 and ordered it from FN in 1939, as well as a license to produce the weapon in Sweden.[8] The order was ready for delivery by the summer of 1940, just prior to the German invasion of Belgium. Delivery of the guns, munition and documentation was initially meant to be sent by train to Sweden, but due to the German invasion the delivery had to be rushed by way of ship.[8] In Sweden the Belgian produced weapons received the designation 13,2 mm automatkanon m/39, abbreviated as 13,2 mm akan m/39, meaning "13.2 mm autocannon m/39".[3] Swedish license production of the 13.2 mm FN Browning was handled by LM Ericsson (LME) and production took place in a basement complex in central Stockholm.[8] Due to insufficient documentation and construction quality, a number of changes had to be made to the weapon design for Swedish production to begin, leading to a new variant being produced.[8] The Swedish produced variant therefore got the designation 13,2 mm automatkanon m/39A (13,2 mm akan m/39A).[3] In Sweden the 13,2 mm akan m/39 became their main aircraft weapon of WW2, playing a similar role to what the .50 in (12.7 mm) AN-M2 Browning did for the Americans during World War II where basically all warplanes were armed with it as their main armament. While the weapon never saw combat in the Swedish Air Force, it remained in use for an extended period.[3]

After the war it became apparent that 13.2×99mm ammunition would be too expensive to come by and with the purchase of surplus P-51D Mustangs (in Sweden designated J 26) armed with 12.7×99mm AN-M2 Browning guns in 1945, it was decided in 1947 to re-chamber the 13.2 mm akan m/39 guns for the readily available 12.7×99mm Browning (.50 BMG) cartridge.[8] Conversion to the new cartridge only required a barrel swap due to the similarities between the 13.2×99mm and 12.7×99mm cartridges, and both types of barrels (12.7 mm and 13.2 mm) was available simultaneously for a few years to allow the existing 13.2 mm stock to be used up in live fire exercise.[8] The 13.2 mm cartridge was written off from manuals around 1950. Even though the 12.7 mm cartridge was considered a downgrade from the 13.2 mm cartridge with its high-explosive ammunition,[8] it did not matter, as Sweden's main fighter fleet by then had been upgraded to Vampire fighter planes armed with 20 mm cannons.[16] The last frontline military aircraft to use the 12.7 mm akan m/39s was the SAAB T 18B coastal attacker aircraft which left service in 1959.

From the early 1950s onward however, the 12 mm akan m/39 started being used as a training weapon for jet fighters, such as the de Havilland J 28 Vampire[17] and the SAAB J 29 Tunnan,[18] were it could be mounted in place of their main cannon armament by the use of a small add-on. This use continued all the way to the early 2000s[19] when its last training carrier, the Saab 37 Viggen, left service in 2007.

Finland

Finland never formally got the chance to buy the Belgian design before the invasion of Belgium, however through their connections with Sweden they managed to get hold of the manufacturing blueprints for the weapon which allowed them to produce it in Finland.[8][9] Since Finland already was producing 12.7×99mm Browning ammunition it was decided to produce the weapon chambered for that cartridge.[8][9] The Finnish variant was produced by the Finnish State Rifle Factory Valtion Kivääritehdas (VKT) and received the designation 12,70 mm LentoKoneKivääri m/42, abbreviated as 12,70 LKk/42, meaning 12.7 mm (0.50 in) air machine gun m/42.[8][9]

In Finland the weapon was used to rearm many of Finland's fighter aircraft as many of them were older pre-war designs armed with weak or unreliable weapons. The LKk/42 guns were mainly fitted to Finnish Curtiss 75 Hawk[20] and Brewster B-239 Buffalo[21] planes, but also to the indigenous Finnish VL Myrsky fighter aircraft.[21] The weapon was also planned to be used on the VL Humu and VL Pyörremyrsky fighter aircraft if they were to enter production. It was occasionally fitted as a field modification, such as on Finnish Arado 196s, to increase firepower.

After WWII the Finnish would use the 12,70 LKk/42 as training weaponry in aircraft such as the Saab 35 Draken and BAE Hawk.[21]

Variants

  •   Mitrailleuse d'Avion Browning - F.N. Calibre 13,2 mm (13,2 mm Browning-F.N.) – Original weapons built in Belgium by Fabrique Nationale Herstal (FN) in 13.2×99mm Hotchkiss

References

Footnotes

  1. ^ a b c "XII. Les munitions F.N. calibre 13,2 mm". La mitrailleuse Browning FN (in French). Belgium: Fabrique Nationale Herstal. 1939. pp. 24, 25.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g King, H. F. (1939-12-21). "A Survey of the armament of single seat fighters". Flight. December 21, 1939: 505–509.
  3. ^ a b c d e Söderberg, N.; Björkstand, N. (1949). Beskrivning över 12,7 mm akan m/39, 12,7 mm akan m/45, 13,2 mm akan m/39, 13,2 mm akan m/39A, 1949 års upplaga (in Swedish) (1955 ed.). Stockholm, Sweden: Royal Swedish Air Force Materiel Administration, Kungliga boktryckeriet, P. A. Norstedt & Söner.
  4. ^ Henricson, A.; Malmberg, E. (1957). Flygvapnets eldvapenammunition, fastställd 1957 (in Swedish) (1961 ed.). Stockholm, Sweden: Royal Swedish Air Force Materiel Administration publishing section.
  5. ^ AMKAT, Ammunitionskatalog, Data och bilder, Gemensam (in Swedish) (2007 ed.). Stockholm, Sweden: Defence Materiel Administration. 2001.
  6. ^ a b c Brînzan, Radu (2014). Vânător – Romanian Hunter, The I.A.R.80 and I.A.R.81 in Ultimate Detail. Mushroom Model Publications. p. 285. ISBN 9788363678401.
  7. ^ a b "VKT 12,70 LKk/42". vlmyrsky.fi. from the original on 2021-01-19. Retrieved 2022-01-02.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Thorsson, Nils (1975). Historik och kartläggning av vapenmateriel för flygplan. Arboga, Sweden. pp. 0–14.
  9. ^ a b c d Ford, Dan (2014-05-01). "Browning machine gun?". tapatalk.com. from the original on 2018-01-23. Retrieved 2021-11-18.
  10. ^ McCollum, Ian (2021-04-19). "Colt's MG52-A: Water-Cooled 50-Caliber Heavy Machine Gun for the World". youtube.com. Retrieved 2021-12-31.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  11. ^ a b . www.municion.org. Archived from the original on 2019-03-30. Retrieved 2019-03-30.
  12. ^ a b "Fokker D.XXIII". airwar.ru. Retrieved 2022-01-02.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  13. ^ a b "Microsoft Word - Renard_R38.doc" (PDF). fnar.be. (PDF) from the original on 2021-06-09. Retrieved 2022-01-02.
  14. ^ "Microsoft Word - Renard_R37.doc" (PDF). fnar.be. Retrieved 2022-01-02.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  15. ^ "Belgian Beauties; The Renard Fighters". youtube.com. Retrieved 2022-01-03.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  16. ^ "Vampire in Sweden".
  17. ^ SFI, Speciell förarinstruktion, Fpl 28 B, fastställd 1953 (in Swedish). Sweden: Royal Swedish Air Force Materiel Administration KFF. 1953. pp. several.
  18. ^ SFI, Speciell förarinstruktion, Fpl 29 A & B, fastställd 1954 (in Swedish). Sweden: Royal Swedish Air Force Materiel Administration KFF. 1954. pp. several.
  19. ^ AMKAT, Ammunitionskatalog, Gemensam, 2001 års upplaga (in Swedish). Sweden: Swedish Defence Materiel Administration (FMV). 2001. pp. 41, 42, 43.
  20. ^ Keskinen, Kalevi; Stenman, Kari; Niska, Klaus (1975). Suomen Ilmavoimien Historia 05, Curtiss Hawk 75 A, P-40M (in Finnish). Finland: Tietoteos. p. 6. ISBN 951-9035-22-2.
  21. ^ a b c Kolju, Panu (May 2019). "Finnish-built Brownings for the Buffalo". warbirdforum.com. from the original on 2021-11-18. Retrieved 2021-11-18.

Printed sources

  • "XII. Les munitions F.N. calibre 13,2 mm". La mitrailleuse Browning FN (in French). Belgium: Fabrique Nationale Herstal. 1939. pp. 24, 25.
  • Brînzan, Radu (2014). Vânător – Romanian Hunter, The I.A.R.80 and I.A.R.81 in Ultimate Detail. Mushroom Model Publications. p. 285. ISBN 9788363678401.
  • Källqvist, Lennart; Norrbohm, Gösta; Skogsberg, Bertil; Karlström, Björn (1986). Det bevingade verket, Svensk militär flygteknik och materiel under 50 år (in Swedish). Försvarets materielverk, Huvudavdelningen för flygmateriel. Stockholm, Sweden: Försvarets materielverk, Huvudavdelningen för flygmateriel. p. 32. ISBN 9178105439.
  • Thunberg, L.; Björkstrand, N. (1948). Flygvapnets eldvapenammunition, fastställd 1948 (in Swedish) (1949 ed.). Stockholm, Sweden: Royal Swedish Air Force Materiel Administration & Victor Pettersons Bokindustriaktiebolag Stockholm.
  • Söderberg, N.; Björkstand, N. (1949). Beskrivning över 12,7 mm akan m/39, 12,7 mm akan m/45, 13,2 mm akan m/39, 13,2 mm akan m/39A, 1949 års upplaga (in Swedish) (1955 ed.). Stockholm, Sweden: Royal Swedish Air Force Materiel Administration, Kungliga boktryckeriet, P. A. Norstedt & Söner.
  • Thorsson, Nils (1975). Historik och kartläggning av vapenmateriel för flygplan. Arboga, Sweden. pp. 0–14.

Web sources

  • Fredriksson, Urban (2006-05-17). . x-plane.org. Archived from the original on 2019-12-23. Retrieved 2021-11-18.
  • "FN 13.2mm production in 1940". forum.cartridgecollectors.org. 7 December 2016. Retrieved 2021-11-18.
  • Ford, Dan (2014-05-01). "Browning machine gun?". tapatalk.com. from the original on 2018-01-23. Retrieved 2021-11-18.
  • "Ksp m/22 (Akan m/39)". airwar.ru. Retrieved 2021-11-18.

January 21, 2023
mitrailleuse, avion, browning, calibre, browning, aircraft, machine, caliber, french, more, commonly, known, browning, also, browning, caliber, browning, 1939, like, caliber, shell, firing, heavy, machine, aircraft, designed, fabrique, nationale, herstal, belg. Browning Aircraft Machine Gun F N Caliber 13 2 mm French Mitrailleuse d Avion Browning F N Calibre 13 2 mm more commonly known as the 13 2 mm FN Browning 6 but also 13 2 mm Browning F N 2 F N Caliber 13 2 mm 7 FN Browning M 1939 and the like was a 13 2 mm 0 52 in caliber shell firing heavy machine gun for aircraft use 2 1 designed by Fabrique Nationale F N in Herstal Belgium as a private export venture during the final years prior to World War II 2 Mitrailleuse d Avion Browning F N Calibre 13 2 mm13 2 mm FN BrowningSwedish 13 2 mm automatkanon m 39ATypeAircraft ordnance 1 machine gun 1 2 shell firing gun 2 3 autocannon 3 Place of origin BelgiumService historyIn serviceSwedish Air Force1939 1957 frontline 4 1951 2007 exercise 5 Used by Sweden Romania FinlandWarsWorld War IIProduction historyDesigned1938ManufacturerFN HerstalL M EProduced1939 ca 1946VariantsSee VariantsSpecificationsMassCannon weight 24 3 kg 54 lb Barrel weight 3 3 kg 7 3 lb Link weight 0 017 kg 0 037 lb Length1 415 mm 55 7 in 1 450 mm 57 in with flash hider Barrel length816 5 mm 32 15 in 919 mm 36 2 in with flash hider Cartridge13 2 99mm Hotchkiss12 7 99mm BrowningCartridge weighton average 120 g 0 26 lb 13 2 x 99 Hotchkiss Caliber13 2 mm 0 52 in original 12 7 mm 0 50 in later BarrelsThe barrel had eight constantly rising grooves going right 400 mm 16 in revolutionGroove depth was 0 16 mm 0 0063 in ActionElectricalRate of fire1 080 rpm standard 600 rpm lowest 1 500 rpm highest Muzzle velocity810 900 m s 13 2 x 99 Hotchkiss Effective firing rangeTracer to 1 000 m 1 100 yd Maximum firing rangeca 7 000 m 7 700 yd Feed systemBelt fed able to feed from both left and right SightsReflexsikte m 37 Saab 18 amp 21 Reflexsikte m 42B FFVS J 22 Gyroreflexsikte K 14 Saab 21A 3 ReferencesEven though it gained great interest during its limited time on the export market it only managed to be exported to the air forces of Romania and Sweden prior to the German invasion of Belgium in 1940 later also being pirate produced in Finland with the help from Sweden 8 9 Contents 1 Development and description 1 1 Interest amp export 2 Users 2 1 Romania 2 2 Sweden 2 3 Finland 3 Variants 4 References 4 1 Footnotes 4 2 Printed sources 4 3 Web sourcesDevelopment and description EditThe 13 2 mm FN Browning was developed by FN as an improved version of the Browning 50 in 12 7 mm air cooled MG53 aircraft machine gun Improvements to the original design included making the weapon lighter increasing the rate of fire and offering it in not just 12 7 99mm Browning but also 13 2 99mm Hotchkiss 10 the latter cartridge effectively being a 12 7 99mm Browning cartridge but with a caliber of 13 2 mm 0 52 in 11 The 13 2 99mm Hotchkiss cartridge was the initial cartridge developed for the 13 2 mm Hotchkiss machine gun being replaced by the 13 2 96mm Hotchkiss cartridge in 1935 11 and was thus used and produced by a wide variety of countries in Europe To further improve on the design FN developed a high explosive shell against air targets for the 13 2 99mm Hotchkiss cartridge purpose built for the 13 2 mm FN Browning 1 While basically a heavy machine gun the implementation of exploding bullets in the 13 2 mm caliber allows this weapon to be called a cannon 3 or as the magazine Flight International described it in 1939 a shell firing gun 2 Normally especially at the time conventional explosive munition starts being offered at caliber 20 mm 2 Interest amp export Edit Due to the above mentioned features the 13 2 mm FN Browning drew a lot of interest from a number of nations when it entered the export market in 1939 2 Some interested countries of note were the Finnish Air Force 7 the Royal Romanian Air Force 6 the Swedish Air Force 8 the Royal Netherlands Army Aviation Brigade 12 and the Royal Belgian Military Aviation themselves 13 The Dutch planned to use the 13 2 mm FN Browning in their in development Fokker D XXIII fighter aircraft 12 while the Belgians had plans on using it in their in development Renard R 36 fighter aircraft and its subsequent variants R 37 14 R 38 13 and R 42 15 However with the start of WW2 and the subsequent invasion and occupation of Belgium by Nazi Germany in the summer of 1940 the 13 2 mm FN Browning was in that limited time only exported to Romania 6 and Sweden 8 Users EditRomania Edit The few weapons that were sold to Romania were at first used on their SM 79 bombers but later saw use on their own indigenous IAR 80B fighter plane In Romania the weapons saw combat and were considered equal to the 20 mm weapons used in the Romanian air force such as the MG 151 20 Sweden Edit Sweden gained interest in the 13 2 mm FN Browning in 1938 and ordered it from FN in 1939 as well as a license to produce the weapon in Sweden 8 The order was ready for delivery by the summer of 1940 just prior to the German invasion of Belgium Delivery of the guns munition and documentation was initially meant to be sent by train to Sweden but due to the German invasion the delivery had to be rushed by way of ship 8 In Sweden the Belgian produced weapons received the designation 13 2 mm automatkanon m 39 abbreviated as 13 2 mm akan m 39 meaning 13 2 mm autocannon m 39 3 Swedish license production of the 13 2 mm FN Browning was handled by LM Ericsson LME and production took place in a basement complex in central Stockholm 8 Due to insufficient documentation and construction quality a number of changes had to be made to the weapon design for Swedish production to begin leading to a new variant being produced 8 The Swedish produced variant therefore got the designation 13 2 mm automatkanon m 39A 13 2 mm akan m 39A 3 In Sweden the 13 2 mm akan m 39 became their main aircraft weapon of WW2 playing a similar role to what the 50 in 12 7 mm AN M2 Browning did for the Americans during World War II where basically all warplanes were armed with it as their main armament While the weapon never saw combat in the Swedish Air Force it remained in use for an extended period 3 After the war it became apparent that 13 2 99mm ammunition would be too expensive to come by and with the purchase of surplus P 51D Mustangs in Sweden designated J 26 armed with 12 7 99mm AN M2 Browning guns in 1945 it was decided in 1947 to re chamber the 13 2 mm akan m 39 guns for the readily available 12 7 99mm Browning 50 BMG cartridge 8 Conversion to the new cartridge only required a barrel swap due to the similarities between the 13 2 99mm and 12 7 99mm cartridges and both types of barrels 12 7 mm and 13 2 mm was available simultaneously for a few years to allow the existing 13 2 mm stock to be used up in live fire exercise 8 The 13 2 mm cartridge was written off from manuals around 1950 Even though the 12 7 mm cartridge was considered a downgrade from the 13 2 mm cartridge with its high explosive ammunition 8 it did not matter as Sweden s main fighter fleet by then had been upgraded to Vampire fighter planes armed with 20 mm cannons 16 The last frontline military aircraft to use the 12 7 mm akan m 39s was the SAAB T 18B coastal attacker aircraft which left service in 1959 From the early 1950s onward however the 12 mm akan m 39 started being used as a training weapon for jet fighters such as the de Havilland J 28 Vampire 17 and the SAAB J 29 Tunnan 18 were it could be mounted in place of their main cannon armament by the use of a small add on This use continued all the way to the early 2000s 19 when its last training carrier the Saab 37 Viggen left service in 2007 Finland Edit Finland never formally got the chance to buy the Belgian design before the invasion of Belgium however through their connections with Sweden they managed to get hold of the manufacturing blueprints for the weapon which allowed them to produce it in Finland 8 9 Since Finland already was producing 12 7 99mm Browning ammunition it was decided to produce the weapon chambered for that cartridge 8 9 The Finnish variant was produced by the Finnish State Rifle Factory Valtion Kivaaritehdas VKT and received the designation 12 70 mm LentoKoneKivaari m 42 abbreviated as 12 70 LKk 42 meaning 12 7 mm 0 50 in air machine gun m 42 8 9 In Finland the weapon was used to rearm many of Finland s fighter aircraft as many of them were older pre war designs armed with weak or unreliable weapons The LKk 42 guns were mainly fitted to Finnish Curtiss 75 Hawk 20 and Brewster B 239 Buffalo 21 planes but also to the indigenous Finnish VL Myrsky fighter aircraft 21 The weapon was also planned to be used on the VL Humu and VL Pyorremyrsky fighter aircraft if they were to enter production It was occasionally fitted as a field modification such as on Finnish Arado 196s to increase firepower After WWII the Finnish would use the 12 70 LKk 42 as training weaponry in aircraft such as the Saab 35 Draken and BAE Hawk 21 Variants Edit Mitrailleuse d Avion Browning F N Calibre 13 2 mm 13 2 mm Browning F N Original weapons built in Belgium by Fabrique Nationale Herstal FN in 13 2 99mm Hotchkiss 13 2 mm automatkanon m 39 13 2 mm akan m 39 Swedish designation for weapons produced in Belgium by Fabrique Nationale Herstal FN in 13 2 99mm Hotchkiss 13 2 mm automatkanon m 39A 13 2 mm akan m 39A Swedish designation for weapons license produced in Sweden by LM Ericsson in 13 2 99mm Hotchkiss 12 7 mm automatkanon m 39 12 7 mm akan m 39 Swedish designation for weapons produced in Belgium by FN Herstal re chambered for 12 7 99mm Browning 50 BMG 12 7 mm automatkanon m 39A 12 7 mm akan m 39A Swedish designation for weapons license produced in Sweden by LM Ericsson re chambered for 12 7 99mm Browning 50 BMG 12 70 mm LentoKoneKivaari m 42 12 70 LKk 42 Finnish designation for weapons pirate produced in Finland by Valtion Kivaaritehdas VKT in 12 7 99mm Browning 50 BMG References EditFootnotes Edit a b c XII Les munitions F N calibre 13 2 mm La mitrailleuse Browning FN in French Belgium Fabrique Nationale Herstal 1939 pp 24 25 a b c d e f g King H F 1939 12 21 A Survey of the armament of single seat fighters Flight December 21 1939 505 509 a b c d e Soderberg N Bjorkstand N 1949 Beskrivning over 12 7 mm akan m 39 12 7 mm akan m 45 13 2 mm akan m 39 13 2 mm akan m 39A 1949 ars upplaga in Swedish 1955 ed Stockholm Sweden Royal Swedish Air Force Materiel Administration Kungliga boktryckeriet P A Norstedt amp Soner Henricson A Malmberg E 1957 Flygvapnets eldvapenammunition faststalld 1957 in Swedish 1961 ed Stockholm Sweden Royal Swedish Air Force Materiel Administration publishing section AMKAT Ammunitionskatalog Data och bilder Gemensam in Swedish 2007 ed Stockholm Sweden Defence Materiel Administration 2001 a b c Brinzan Radu 2014 Vanător Romanian Hunter The I A R 80 and I A R 81 in Ultimate Detail Mushroom Model Publications p 285 ISBN 9788363678401 a b VKT 12 70 LKk 42 vlmyrsky fi Archived from the original on 2021 01 19 Retrieved 2022 01 02 a b c d e f g h i j k l m Thorsson Nils 1975 Historik och kartlaggning av vapenmateriel for flygplan Arboga Sweden pp 0 14 a b c d Ford Dan 2014 05 01 Browning machine gun tapatalk com Archived from the original on 2018 01 23 Retrieved 2021 11 18 McCollum Ian 2021 04 19 Colt s MG52 A Water Cooled 50 Caliber Heavy Machine Gun for the World youtube com Retrieved 2021 12 31 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link a b 13 2x96 Hotchkis Short MUNICION ORG www municion org Archived from the original on 2019 03 30 Retrieved 2019 03 30 a b Fokker D XXIII airwar ru Retrieved 2022 01 02 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link a b Microsoft Word Renard R38 doc PDF fnar be Archived PDF from the original on 2021 06 09 Retrieved 2022 01 02 Microsoft Word Renard R37 doc PDF fnar be Retrieved 2022 01 02 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link Belgian Beauties The Renard Fighters youtube com Retrieved 2022 01 03 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link Vampire in Sweden SFI Speciell forarinstruktion Fpl 28 B faststalld 1953 in Swedish Sweden Royal Swedish Air Force Materiel Administration KFF 1953 pp several SFI Speciell forarinstruktion Fpl 29 A amp B faststalld 1954 in Swedish Sweden Royal Swedish Air Force Materiel Administration KFF 1954 pp several AMKAT Ammunitionskatalog Gemensam 2001 ars upplaga in Swedish Sweden Swedish Defence Materiel Administration FMV 2001 pp 41 42 43 Keskinen Kalevi Stenman Kari Niska Klaus 1975 Suomen Ilmavoimien Historia 05 Curtiss Hawk 75 A P 40M in Finnish Finland Tietoteos p 6 ISBN 951 9035 22 2 a b c Kolju Panu May 2019 Finnish built Brownings for the Buffalo warbirdforum com Archived from the original on 2021 11 18 Retrieved 2021 11 18 Printed sources Edit XII Les munitions F N calibre 13 2 mm La mitrailleuse Browning FN in French Belgium Fabrique Nationale Herstal 1939 pp 24 25 Brinzan Radu 2014 Vanător Romanian Hunter The I A R 80 and I A R 81 in Ultimate Detail Mushroom Model Publications p 285 ISBN 9788363678401 Kallqvist Lennart Norrbohm Gosta Skogsberg Bertil Karlstrom Bjorn 1986 Det bevingade verket Svensk militar flygteknik och materiel under 50 ar in Swedish Forsvarets materielverk Huvudavdelningen for flygmateriel Stockholm Sweden Forsvarets materielverk Huvudavdelningen for flygmateriel p 32 ISBN 9178105439 Thunberg L Bjorkstrand N 1948 Flygvapnets eldvapenammunition faststalld 1948 in Swedish 1949 ed Stockholm Sweden Royal Swedish Air Force Materiel Administration amp Victor Pettersons Bokindustriaktiebolag Stockholm Soderberg N Bjorkstand N 1949 Beskrivning over 12 7 mm akan m 39 12 7 mm akan m 45 13 2 mm akan m 39 13 2 mm akan m 39A 1949 ars upplaga in Swedish 1955 ed Stockholm Sweden Royal Swedish Air Force Materiel Administration Kungliga boktryckeriet P A Norstedt amp Soner Thorsson Nils 1975 Historik och kartlaggning av vapenmateriel for flygplan Arboga Sweden pp 0 14 Web sources Edit Fredriksson Urban 2006 05 17 Automatic cannon used by the Swedish air force x plane org Archived from the original on 2019 12 23 Retrieved 2021 11 18 FN 13 2mm production in 1940 forum cartridgecollectors org 7 December 2016 Retrieved 2021 11 18 Ford Dan 2014 05 01 Browning machine gun tapatalk com Archived from the original on 2018 01 23 Retrieved 2021 11 18 Ksp m 22 Akan m 39 airwar ru Retrieved 2021 11 18 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Mitrailleuse d 27Avion Browning F N Calibre 13 2 mm amp oldid 1130673527, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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