Kuni no miyatsuko (国造), also read as "kokuzō" or "kunitsuko", were officials in ancient Japan at the time of the Yamato court.
Yamato period
Kuni no miyatsuko governed small territories (kuni (国)), although the location, names, and borders of the provinces remain unclear. Kuni no miyatsuko were appointed by and remained under the jurisdiction of the Yamato Court, but over time the position became hereditary.[1][2] Kuni no miyatsuko carried kabane honoric names bestowed by the Yamato Court, commonly "kimi" (君) or "atae" (直). Prestigious Kuni no miyatsuko were called "omi" (臣).[2]
Taika Reform
The office of kuni no miyatsuko was abolished in the Taika Reforms in 645 and the former administrative ‘’kuni’’ provinces were formally reorganized under the ritsuryō system. The provinces became ruled by new officials called kuni no mikotomochi, or more commonly, kokushi (国司).[2] The kuni no miyatsuko continued to be appointed after the Taika Reform, generally to the office of gunji (郡司).[1] Gunji were appointed from powerful regional kuni no miyatsuko families, appointed for life, and the position became hereditary.[3] The Kuni no miyatsuko were now in charge of spiritual and religious affairs, specifically the Shintō rites of each province.[2] These religious officials became known as shin-kokuzō (新国造), or "new" kuni no miyatsuko.[2] The kuni no miyatsuko, now in the office of gunji, often sided with peasants against the ruling kokushi elite. The gunji position, however, was abolished with the establishment of the shōen system in the early Heian period.[3] A few kuni no miyatsuko clans retained influence after the Taika reform, such as the Izumo no Kuni no miyatsuko (出雲国造) of Izumo Province in present-day eastern Shimane Prefecture.[4]
References
^ ab. Dijitaru daijisen (in Japanese). Tokyo: Shogakukan. 2012. Archived from the original on 2007-08-25. Retrieved 2012-04-12.
^ abcde. Encyclopedia of Japan. Tokyo: Shogakukan. 2012. Archived from the original on 2007-08-25. Retrieved 2012-04-12.
^ ab. Dijitaru daijisen (in Japanese). Tokyo: Shogakukan. 2012. Archived from the original on 2007-08-25. Retrieved 2012-04-12.
^. Nihon Daihyakka Zensho (Nipponika) (日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ) (in Japanese). Tokyo: Shogakukan. 2012. Archived from the original on 2007-08-25. Retrieved 2012-04-12.
kuni, miyatsuko, 国造, also, read, kokuzō, kunitsuko, were, officials, ancient, japan, time, yamato, court, yamato, period, edit, governed, small, territories, kuni, although, location, names, borders, provinces, remain, unclear, were, appointed, remained, under. Kuni no miyatsuko 国造 also read as kokuzō or kunitsuko were officials in ancient Japan at the time of the Yamato court Yamato period EditKuni no miyatsuko governed small territories kuni 国 although the location names and borders of the provinces remain unclear Kuni no miyatsuko were appointed by and remained under the jurisdiction of the Yamato Court but over time the position became hereditary 1 2 Kuni no miyatsuko carried kabane honoric names bestowed by the Yamato Court commonly kimi 君 or atae 直 Prestigious Kuni no miyatsuko were called omi 臣 2 Taika Reform EditThe office of kuni no miyatsuko was abolished in the Taika Reforms in 645 and the former administrative kuni provinces were formally reorganized under the ritsuryō system The provinces became ruled by new officials called kuni no mikotomochi or more commonly kokushi 国司 2 The kuni no miyatsuko continued to be appointed after the Taika Reform generally to the office of gunji 郡司 1 Gunji were appointed from powerful regional kuni no miyatsuko families appointed for life and the position became hereditary 3 The Kuni no miyatsuko were now in charge of spiritual and religious affairs specifically the Shintō rites of each province 2 These religious officials became known as shin kokuzō 新国造 or new kuni no miyatsuko 2 The kuni no miyatsuko now in the office of gunji often sided with peasants against the ruling kokushi elite The gunji position however was abolished with the establishment of the shōen system in the early Heian period 3 A few kuni no miyatsuko clans retained influence after the Taika reform such as the Izumo no Kuni no miyatsuko 出雲国造 of Izumo Province in present day eastern Shimane Prefecture 4 References Edit a b 国造 Kuni no miyatsuko Dijitaru daijisen in Japanese Tokyo Shogakukan 2012 Archived from the original on 2007 08 25 Retrieved 2012 04 12 a b c d e Kuni no miyatsuko Encyclopedia of Japan Tokyo Shogakukan 2012 Archived from the original on 2007 08 25 Retrieved 2012 04 12 a b 郡司 Gunji Dijitaru daijisen in Japanese Tokyo Shogakukan 2012 Archived from the original on 2007 08 25 Retrieved 2012 04 12 Izumo Kuni no miyatsuko 出雲国造 Nihon Daihyakka Zensho Nipponika 日本大百科全書 ニッポニカ in Japanese Tokyo Shogakukan 2012 Archived from the original on 2007 08 25 Retrieved 2012 04 12 Ancient Japan portal This Japanese history related article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Kuni no miyatsuko amp oldid 1110814007, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
