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Kulin nation

October 21, 2023

This article is about the Australian Aboriginal nation. For other uses, see Kulin (disambiguation).

The Kulin nation was an alliance of five Aboriginal nations in south-central Victoria, Australia. Their collective territory extended around Port Phillip and Western Port, up into the Great Dividing Range and the Loddon and Goulburn River valleys.

Basic map of the five languages of the Kulin nation

History Edit

Before British colonisation, the tribes spoke five related languages. These languages are spoken by two groups: the eastern Kulin group of Woiwurrung–Taungurung, Boonwurrung and Ngurai-illam-wurrung; and the western language group of just Wadawurrung.

The central Victoria area has been inhabited for an estimated 40,000 years before European settlement.[a] At the time of British settlement in the 1830s, the collective populations of the Woiwurrung, Boonwurrung and Wadawurrung tribes of the Kulin nation was estimated to be under 20,000.[1][2][b] The Kulin lived by fishing, cultivating murnong (also called yam daisy; Microseris) as well as hunting and gathering, and made a sustainable living from the rich food sources of Port Phillip and the surrounding grasslands.[2][3]

Due to the upheaval and disturbances from British settlement from the 1830s on, there is limited physical evidence of the Kulin peoples' collective past. However, there is a small number of registered sites of cultural and spiritual significance in the Melbourne area.[4][5]

People Edit

At certain times of the year, these nations would meet at Yarra Falls to settle disputes, to trade, and to hold corroborees.[6]

Diplomacy Edit

When foreign people passed through or were invited onto tribal lands, the ceremony of tanderrum – freedom of the bush – was performed. This was intended to allow for safe passage and temporary access and use of land and resources by foreign people. It was a diplomatic rite involving the landholder's hospitality and a ritual exchange of gifts.

Notes Edit

  1. ^ "There is some evidence to show that people were living in the Maribyrnong River valley, near present day Keilor, about 40,000 years ago." (Presland 1997:[page needed])
  2. ^ Presland describes in some detail the archaeological evidence regarding aboriginal life, culture, food gathering and land management, particularly the period from the flooding of Bass Strait and Port Phillip from about 7–10,000 years ago, up to the European colonisation in the 19th century. (Presland 1994, p. [page needed])

Citations Edit

  1. ^ Anon. n.d.
  2. ^ a b Presland 1994, p. [page needed].
  3. ^ Pascoe 2017, p. [page needed].
  4. ^ Eidelson 1997, pp. 8–9.
  5. ^ Eidelson 2001.
  6. ^ Maunder 2008.

Bibliography Edit

  • Anon. (n.d.). (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 31 August 2007.
  • Eidelson, Meyer (1997). The Melbourne Dreaming. A Guide to the Aboriginal Places of Melbourne. Canberra: Aboriginal Studies Press. ISBN 0-85575-306-4.
  • —— (2001). "The Footballer, First in the league (about James Wandin)". (PDF). pp. 35–37. ISBN 0-646-41199-3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 October 2008.
  • Maunder, Patricia (11 January 2008). "Melbourne dreamtime a reality". The Age. Retrieved 24 April 2019.
  • Pascoe, Bruce (2017). Dark Emu. ISBN 978-1-4893-8039-5. OCLC 1089338508.[better source needed]
  • Presland, Gary (1994) [First published 1985]. Aboriginal Melbourne: The Lost Land of the Kulin People (Second ed.). Harriland Press. ISBN 0-9577004-2-3.
  • —— (1997). The First Residents of Melbourne's Western Region. Forest Hill, Victoria: Harriland Press. ISBN 0-646-33150-7. OCLC 222368168.

Further reading Edit

  • Darwin, Norm (1999). . Archived from the original on 28 September 2007.
  • Ellender, Isabel; Christiansen, Peter (2001). People of the Merri Merri. The Wurundjeri in Colonial Days. East Brunswick, Victoria: Merri Creek Management Committee. ISBN 0-9577728-0-7. OCLC 52505206.
  • Pascoe, Bruce (1997). Wauthaurong Too Bloody Strong: Stories and life journeys of people from Wauthaurong. Apollo Bay, Victoria: Pascoe Publishing. ISBN 094708731-1. OCLC 39078639.

October 21, 2023
kulin, nation, this, article, about, australian, aboriginal, nation, other, uses, kulin, disambiguation, alliance, five, aboriginal, nations, south, central, victoria, australia, their, collective, territory, extended, around, port, phillip, western, port, int. This article is about the Australian Aboriginal nation For other uses see Kulin disambiguation The Kulin nation was an alliance of five Aboriginal nations in south central Victoria Australia Their collective territory extended around Port Phillip and Western Port up into the Great Dividing Range and the Loddon and Goulburn River valleys Basic map of the five languages of the Kulin nation Contents 1 History 2 People 2 1 Diplomacy 3 Notes 3 1 Citations 4 Bibliography 5 Further readingHistory EditBefore British colonisation the tribes spoke five related languages These languages are spoken by two groups the eastern Kulin group of Woiwurrung Taungurung Boonwurrung and Ngurai illam wurrung and the western language group of just Wadawurrung The central Victoria area has been inhabited for an estimated 40 000 years before European settlement a At the time of British settlement in the 1830s the collective populations of the Woiwurrung Boonwurrung and Wadawurrung tribes of the Kulin nation was estimated to be under 20 000 1 2 b The Kulin lived by fishing cultivating murnong also called yam daisy Microseris as well as hunting and gathering and made a sustainable living from the rich food sources of Port Phillip and the surrounding grasslands 2 3 Due to the upheaval and disturbances from British settlement from the 1830s on there is limited physical evidence of the Kulin peoples collective past However there is a small number of registered sites of cultural and spiritual significance in the Melbourne area 4 5 People EditWoiwurrung Woy wur rung the Wurundjeri people Boonwurrung the Boonwurrung people Wathaurong Wath er rung the Wathaurong people Taungurung Tung ger rung the Taungurung people Dja Dja Wurrung Jar Jar Wur rung the Djadjawurrung or Djaara peopleAt certain times of the year these nations would meet at Yarra Falls to settle disputes to trade and to hold corroborees 6 Diplomacy Edit When foreign people passed through or were invited onto tribal lands the ceremony of tanderrum freedom of the bush was performed This was intended to allow for safe passage and temporary access and use of land and resources by foreign people It was a diplomatic rite involving the landholder s hospitality and a ritual exchange of gifts Notes Edit There is some evidence to show that people were living in the Maribyrnong River valley near present day Keilor about 40 000 years ago Presland 1997 page needed Presland describes in some detail the archaeological evidence regarding aboriginal life culture food gathering and land management particularly the period from the flooding of Bass Strait and Port Phillip from about 7 10 000 years ago up to the European colonisation in the 19th century Presland 1994 p page needed Citations Edit Anon n d a b Presland 1994 p page needed Pascoe 2017 p page needed Eidelson 1997 pp 8 9 Eidelson 2001 Maunder 2008 Bibliography EditAnon n d Indigenous connections to the site PDF Archived from the original PDF on 31 August 2007 Eidelson Meyer 1997 The Melbourne Dreaming A Guide to the Aboriginal Places of Melbourne Canberra Aboriginal Studies Press ISBN 0 85575 306 4 2001 The Footballer First in the league about James Wandin Walks in Port Phillip A guide to the cultural landscapes of a City PDF pp 35 37 ISBN 0 646 41199 3 Archived from the original PDF on 30 October 2008 Maunder Patricia 11 January 2008 Melbourne dreamtime a reality The Age Retrieved 24 April 2019 Pascoe Bruce 2017 Dark Emu ISBN 978 1 4893 8039 5 OCLC 1089338508 better source needed Presland Gary 1994 First published 1985 Aboriginal Melbourne The Lost Land of the Kulin People Second ed Harriland Press ISBN 0 9577004 2 3 1997 The First Residents of Melbourne s Western Region Forest Hill Victoria Harriland Press ISBN 0 646 33150 7 OCLC 222368168 Further reading EditDarwin Norm 1999 The Loddon Aboriginals Archived from the original on 28 September 2007 Ellender Isabel Christiansen Peter 2001 People of the Merri Merri The Wurundjeri in Colonial Days East Brunswick Victoria Merri Creek Management Committee ISBN 0 9577728 0 7 OCLC 52505206 Pascoe Bruce 1997 Wauthaurong Too Bloody Strong Stories and life journeys of people from Wauthaurong Apollo Bay Victoria Pascoe Publishing ISBN 094708731 1 OCLC 39078639 Portal nbsp Australia Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Kulin nation amp oldid 1171619421, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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