Hungarian Prime Minister Miklós Kállay, who had been in office from 1942, had the knowledge and the approval of Hungarian Regent Miklós Horthy to seek secretly at negotiating a separate peace with the Allies in early 1944. Hitler wanted to prevent the Hungarians from turning against Germany. On 12 March 1944, German troops received orders by Hitler to capture critical Hungarian facilities.[1]
Hitler invited Horthy to the Palace of Klessheim, near of Salzburg, on 15 March. As both heads of state conducted their negotiations at the Schloss Klessheim, German forces quietly marched from Reichsgaue of the Ostmark into Hungary. The meeting served merely as a German ruse to keep Horthy out of the country and to leave the Hungarian Army without orders.
Negotiations between Horthy and Hitler lasted until 18 March, when Horthy boarded a train to return home. On 19 March, the occupation of Hungary began.
When Horthy arrived in Budapest, German soldiers were waiting for him at the station. Horthy was told by Jagow that Hungary could remain sovereign only if he removed Kállay for a government that would co-operate fully with the Germans. Otherwise, Hungary would be subject to an undisguised occupation. Horthy appointed Döme Sztójay as prime minister to appease German concerns.
On March 27, Nazi troops started their occupation of Kolozsvár. On May 3, the ghettoization of Kolozsvár Jews began, and was completed within one week.
Life in the Ghettoedit
The Jews were concentrated in the Iris brickyard, in the northern part of the city. This area consisted mostly of shacks used for drying bricks and tiles. The ghetto had practically no facilities for the approximately eighteen thousand Jews who were assembled there from Kolozsvár and the surrounding Kolozs County. The concentration of the Jews has been carried out by the local administrative and police authorities with the cooperation of Nazi SS (Schutzstaffel) advisers, including SS-Captain (SS-Hauptsturmfuhrer) Dieter Wisliceny. The ghetto was under the command of László Urbán, the local police chief of Cluj. The ghetto's internal administration was entrusted to a Jewish Council (Judenrat). Members of this council included Fischer (as head), Rabbi Akiba Glasner, Rabbi Mozes Weinberger [ro], and Ernő Márton. As in all other ghettos in Hungary, the local brickyard also had a "mint," a special building where the police tortured Jews into revealing where they had hidden their valuables.
Deportationedit
The Kolozsvár Ghetto was liquidated in six transports to Auschwitz (now Oświęcim, Poland), with the first deportation occurring on 25 May, and the last on 9 June. Altogether 16,148 inhabitants of the ghetto were deported. Upon arrival, 75% of them were sent to the gas chambers. The remaining were subjected to disease and starvation.
After the waredit
Following the liberation of the Auschwitz concentration camp in January 1945, only a small portion of survivors ended up returning to Cluj. In June 1945, the Jewish population of Cluj was approximately 1,000.
Referencesedit
^Chant, Christopher (September 1, 2020). "Operation Margarethe I".
External linksedit
Solomovici, Tesu (October 22, 2005). [135,000 Jews killed in Northern Transylvania]. Ziua (in Romanian). Archived from the original on 2007-10-11. Retrieved July 8, 2022.
"Ghetouri și lagăre de concentrare în Transilvania de Nord". holocausttransilvania.ro (in Romanian). Muzeul Virtual al Holocaustului din Nordul Transilvaniei. Retrieved July 8, 2022.
Chant, Christopher (September 1, 2020). "Operation Margarethe I".
April 11, 2024
kolozsvár, ghetto, 7959639, 6160722, 7959639, 6160722, lesser, known, jewish, ghettos, world, ghetto, located, city, kolozsvár, then, kingdom, hungary, cluj, napoca, romania, between, signing, treaty, trianon, 1920, second, vienna, award, 1940, cluj, part, gre. 46 47 45 47 N 23 36 57 86 E 46 7959639 N 23 6160722 E 46 7959639 23 6160722 The Kolozsvar Ghetto was one of the lesser known Jewish ghettos of the World War II era The ghetto was located in the city of Kolozsvar then Kingdom of Hungary now Cluj Napoca Romania Between the signing of the Treaty of Trianon in 1920 and the Second Vienna Award in 1940 Cluj was a part of Greater Romania Iris brickyard the site of the ghetto May 2007 Contents 1 History 2 Life in the Ghetto 3 Deportation 4 After the war 5 References 6 External linksHistory editHungarian Prime Minister Miklos Kallay who had been in office from 1942 had the knowledge and the approval of Hungarian Regent Miklos Horthy to seek secretly at negotiating a separate peace with the Allies in early 1944 Hitler wanted to prevent the Hungarians from turning against Germany On 12 March 1944 German troops received orders by Hitler to capture critical Hungarian facilities 1 Hitler invited Horthy to the Palace of Klessheim near of Salzburg on 15 March As both heads of state conducted their negotiations at the Schloss Klessheim German forces quietly marched from Reichsgaue of the Ostmark into Hungary The meeting served merely as a German ruse to keep Horthy out of the country and to leave the Hungarian Army without orders Negotiations between Horthy and Hitler lasted until 18 March when Horthy boarded a train to return home On 19 March the occupation of Hungary began When Horthy arrived in Budapest German soldiers were waiting for him at the station Horthy was told by Jagow that Hungary could remain sovereign only if he removed Kallay for a government that would co operate fully with the Germans Otherwise Hungary would be subject to an undisguised occupation Horthy appointed Dome Sztojay as prime minister to appease German concerns On March 27 Nazi troops started their occupation of Kolozsvar On May 3 the ghettoization of Kolozsvar Jews began and was completed within one week Life in the Ghetto editThe Jews were concentrated in the Iris brickyard in the northern part of the city This area consisted mostly of shacks used for drying bricks and tiles The ghetto had practically no facilities for the approximately eighteen thousand Jews who were assembled there from Kolozsvar and the surrounding Kolozs County The concentration of the Jews has been carried out by the local administrative and police authorities with the cooperation of Nazi SS Schutzstaffel advisers including SS Captain SS Hauptsturmfuhrer Dieter Wisliceny The ghetto was under the command of Laszlo Urban the local police chief of Cluj The ghetto s internal administration was entrusted to a Jewish Council Judenrat Members of this council included Fischer as head Rabbi Akiba Glasner Rabbi Mozes Weinberger ro and Erno Marton As in all other ghettos in Hungary the local brickyard also had a mint a special building where the police tortured Jews into revealing where they had hidden their valuables Deportation editThe Kolozsvar Ghetto was liquidated in six transports to Auschwitz now Oswiecim Poland with the first deportation occurring on 25 May and the last on 9 June Altogether 16 148 inhabitants of the ghetto were deported Upon arrival 75 of them were sent to the gas chambers The remaining were subjected to disease and starvation After the war editFollowing the liberation of the Auschwitz concentration camp in January 1945 only a small portion of survivors ended up returning to Cluj In June 1945 the Jewish population of Cluj was approximately 1 000 References edit Chant Christopher September 1 2020 Operation Margarethe I External links editSolomovici Tesu October 22 2005 135 de mii de evrei uciși in Transilvania de Nord 135 000 Jews killed in Northern Transylvania Ziua in Romanian Archived from the original on 2007 10 11 Retrieved July 8 2022 Ghetouri și lagăre de concentrare in Transilvania de Nord holocausttransilvania ro in Romanian Muzeul Virtual al Holocaustului din Nordul Transilvaniei Retrieved July 8 2022 Cluj Napoca Romania at JewishGen Chant Christopher September 1 2020 Operation Margarethe I Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Kolozsvar Ghetto amp oldid 1112839805, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
