A knotted-pile carpet is a carpet containing raised surfaces, or piles, from the cut off ends of knotswoven between the warp and weft. The Ghiordes/Turkish knot and the Senneh/Persian knot, typical of Anatolian carpets and Persian carpets, are the two primary knots.[1] A flat or tapestry woven carpet, without pile, is a kilim. A pile carpet is influenced by width and number of warp and weft, pile height, knots used, and knot density.
Ghiordes knot
Senneh knot
The yellow yarn is the pile and the horizontal and vertical yarns are the warp and the weft
"The structural weft threads alternate with supplementary weft that rises from the surface of the weave at a perpendicular angle. This supplementary weft is attached to the warp by one of three knots... to form the pile or nap of the carpet."[2] Knots are tied in rows, one to each pair of warp threads, which may then be pushed down to make the rug more solid: "the interwoven warp and weft threads form the carpet's foundation, and the design comes from the rows of knots."[3] "In the knotted-pile...the arrangement of rows of weft is the dominant consideration."[4]
Diagonal, or offset, knotting has knots in successive rows occupy alternate pairs of warps. This feature allows for changes from one half knot to the next, and creates diagonal pattern lines at different angles. It is sometimes found in Kurdish or Turkmen rugs, particularly in Yomuds. It is mostly tied symmetrically.[5]
The Ghiordes knot, symmetrical knot or Turkish knot is one of the two most-used knots employed in knotted-pile carpets. In the Ghiordes knot, the colored weft yarn passes over the two warp yarns, and is pulled through between them and then cut to form the pile. The Ghiordes knot has a symmetrical structure. The Ghiordes knot is the knot used in the oldest surviving pile carpets, the fragments found in Pazyrykkurgan burial mounds, in the Altai of Central Asia.[6] The Ghiordes knot is also used in Turkeywork textiles of the Early Modern period.[7]
To tie a Ghiordes knot, the yarn is passed between two adjacent warps, brought back under one, wrapped around both forming a collar, then pulled through the center so that both ends emerge between the warps.[8] The Ghiordes knot uses two warps.
Senneh
Persian carpets are mainly woven with two different knots: The symmetrical Turkish or "Ghiordes" knot, also used in Turkey, the Caucasus, East Turkmenistan, and some Turkish and Kurdish areas of Iran, and the asymmetrical Persian, or Senneh knot, also used in India, Turkey, Pakistan, China, and Egypt. The term "Senneh knot" is somewhat misleading, as rugs are woven with symmetric knots in the town of Senneh.[8]
The asymmetric knot is tied by wrapping the yarn around only one warp, then the thread is passed behind the adjacent warp so that it divides the two ends of the yarn. The Persian knot may open on the left or the right.[8] The Persian knot may be considered as using two warps, or only warp.
The asymmetric knot allows the artist to produce more fluent, often curvilinear designs, while more bold, rectilinear designs may use the symmetric knot. As exemplified by Senneh rugs with their elaborate designs woven with asymmetric knots, the quality of the design depends more on the weaver's skills, than on the type of knot which is used.[8]
Jufti
Another knot frequently used in Persian carpets is the Jufti knot, which is tied around four warps instead of two.[5][1] A serviceable carpet can be made with jufti knots, and jufti knots are sometimes used in large single-colour areas of a rug, for example in the field, to save on material. However, as carpets woven wholly or partly with the jufti knot need only half the amount of pile yarn compared to traditionally woven carpets, their pile is less resistant to wear, and these rugs do not last as long.[8]
Other knots
Another variant of knot is known from early Spanish rugs. The Spanish knot or single-warp knot, is tied around one single warp. Some of the rug fragments excavated by A. Stein in Turfan seem to be woven with a single knot. Single knot weavings are also known from EgyptianCoptic pile rugs.[9]
Knot gallery
Turkish (symmetric) knot
Persian (asymmetric) knot, open to the right
Variants of the "Jufti" knot woven around four warps
Spanish knot or single-warp knot
Diagonal, or offset, knotting
Weaving with one warp depressed
Knitting an asymmetric knot, open to the right, with a knitting hook similar to the Tabriz type
^ abGoswami, K.K.; ed. (2009). Advances in Carpet Manufacture, p.239. Woodhead Publishing in Textiles: Number 87 (The Textile Institute). ISBN9781845695859. "The two most common types of knot used in an oriental carpet are the Persian knot and the Turkish knot."
^"Turkeywork". Getty Art & Architecture Thesaurus. Retrieved 16 May 2018.
^ abcdeEdwards, A. Cecil (1975). The Persian carpet: a survey of the carpet-weaving industry of Persia (Reprinted 1952 ed.). London: Duckworth. ISBN978-0715602560.
^Eilland, Murray L. Jr.; Eilland, Murray III (1998). Oriental Rugs - A Complete Guide (revised ed.). London: Callmann & King Ltd. pp. 37–38. ISBN978-0821225486.
External links
"Rug Knots" and "Making Pile Carpets", MathForum.org. Accessed: December 14, 2016.
"Ghiordes knot" - Encyclopaedia Britannica. Accessed: June 26, 2020.
April 11, 2023
knotted, pile, carpet, knotted, pile, carpet, carpet, containing, raised, surfaces, piles, from, ends, knots, woven, between, warp, weft, ghiordes, turkish, knot, senneh, persian, knot, typical, anatolian, carpets, persian, carpets, primary, knots, flat, tapes. A knotted pile carpet is a carpet containing raised surfaces or piles from the cut off ends of knots woven between the warp and weft The Ghiordes Turkish knot and the Senneh Persian knot typical of Anatolian carpets and Persian carpets are the two primary knots 1 A flat or tapestry woven carpet without pile is a kilim A pile carpet is influenced by width and number of warp and weft pile height knots used and knot density Ghiordes knotSenneh knotThe yellow yarn is the pile and the horizontal and vertical yarns are the warp and the weft The structural weft threads alternate with supplementary weft that rises from the surface of the weave at a perpendicular angle This supplementary weft is attached to the warp by one of three knots to form the pile or nap of the carpet 2 Knots are tied in rows one to each pair of warp threads which may then be pushed down to make the rug more solid the interwoven warp and weft threads form the carpet s foundation and the design comes from the rows of knots 3 In the knotted pile the arrangement of rows of weft is the dominant consideration 4 Diagonal or offset knotting has knots in successive rows occupy alternate pairs of warps This feature allows for changes from one half knot to the next and creates diagonal pattern lines at different angles It is sometimes found in Kurdish or Turkmen rugs particularly in Yomuds It is mostly tied symmetrically 5 Contents 1 Ghiordes 2 Senneh 3 Jufti 4 Other knots 5 Knot gallery 6 See also 7 References 8 External linksGhiordes EditThe Ghiordes knot symmetrical knot or Turkish knot is one of the two most used knots employed in knotted pile carpets In the Ghiordes knot the colored weft yarn passes over the two warp yarns and is pulled through between them and then cut to form the pile The Ghiordes knot has a symmetrical structure The Ghiordes knot is the knot used in the oldest surviving pile carpets the fragments found in Pazyryk kurgan burial mounds in the Altai of Central Asia 6 The Ghiordes knot is also used in Turkeywork textiles of the Early Modern period 7 To tie a Ghiordes knot the yarn is passed between two adjacent warps brought back under one wrapped around both forming a collar then pulled through the center so that both ends emerge between the warps 8 The Ghiordes knot uses two warps Senneh EditPersian carpets are mainly woven with two different knots The symmetrical Turkish or Ghiordes knot also used in Turkey the Caucasus East Turkmenistan and some Turkish and Kurdish areas of Iran and the asymmetrical Persian or Senneh knot also used in India Turkey Pakistan China and Egypt The term Senneh knot is somewhat misleading as rugs are woven with symmetric knots in the town of Senneh 8 The asymmetric knot is tied by wrapping the yarn around only one warp then the thread is passed behind the adjacent warp so that it divides the two ends of the yarn The Persian knot may open on the left or the right 8 The Persian knot may be considered as using two warps or only warp The asymmetric knot allows the artist to produce more fluent often curvilinear designs while more bold rectilinear designs may use the symmetric knot As exemplified by Senneh rugs with their elaborate designs woven with asymmetric knots the quality of the design depends more on the weaver s skills than on the type of knot which is used 8 Jufti EditAnother knot frequently used in Persian carpets is the Jufti knot which is tied around four warps instead of two 5 1 A serviceable carpet can be made with jufti knots and jufti knots are sometimes used in large single colour areas of a rug for example in the field to save on material However as carpets woven wholly or partly with the jufti knot need only half the amount of pile yarn compared to traditionally woven carpets their pile is less resistant to wear and these rugs do not last as long 8 Other knots EditAnother variant of knot is known from early Spanish rugs The Spanish knot or single warp knot is tied around one single warp Some of the rug fragments excavated by A Stein in Turfan seem to be woven with a single knot Single knot weavings are also known from Egyptian Coptic pile rugs 9 Knot gallery Edit Turkish symmetric knot Persian asymmetric knot open to the right Variants of the Jufti knot woven around four warps Spanish knot or single warp knot Diagonal or offset knotting Weaving with one warp depressed Knitting an asymmetric knot open to the right with a knitting hook similar to the Tabriz typeSee also EditPile weaveReferences Edit a b Goswami K K ed 2009 Advances in Carpet Manufacture p 239 Woodhead Publishing in Textiles Number 87 The Textile Institute ISBN 9781845695859 The two most common types of knot used in an oriental carpet are the Persian knot and the Turkish knot Goswami 2009 p 220 Rosemary Troy Krill 2010 Early American Decorative Arts 1620 1860 A Handbook for Interpreters p 248 Rowman Altamira ISBN 9780759119468 1921 Tariff Information Surveys p 15 U S Government Printing Office ISBN unspecified a b Eilland Murray L Jr Eilland Murray III 1998 Oriental Rugs A Complete Guide revised ed London Callmann amp King Ltd Conserved in the Hermitage Museum St Petersburg Turkeywork Getty Art amp Architecture Thesaurus Retrieved 16 May 2018 a b c d e Edwards A Cecil 1975 The Persian carpet a survey of the carpet weaving industry of Persia Reprinted 1952 ed London Duckworth ISBN 978 0715602560 Eilland Murray L Jr Eilland Murray III 1998 Oriental Rugs A Complete Guide revised ed London Callmann amp King Ltd pp 37 38 ISBN 978 0821225486 External links Edit Rug Knots and Making Pile Carpets MathForum org Accessed December 14 2016 Ghiordes knot Encyclopaedia Britannica Accessed June 26 2020 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Knotted pile carpet amp oldid 1109536516, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
