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King County Sheriff's Office

The King County Sheriff's Office (KCSO) is a local police agency in King County, Washington, United States. It is the primary law enforcement agency for all unincorporated areas of King County, as well as 12 cities and two transit agencies which contract their police services to the KCSO. KCSO also provides police and fire Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fighting to the King County International Airport (Boeing Field). KCSO also provides regional-level support services to other local law enforcement agencies such as air support and search and rescue. The department has over 1,000 employees and serves 2.1 million citizens,[1] over 500,000 of whom live in either unincorporated areas or the 12 contract cities.

King County Sheriff's Office
Patch of the King County Sheriff's Office
AbbreviationKCSO
MottoEvery Call Counts
Agency overview
Formed1852; 171 years ago (1852)
Preceding agency
  • Municipal Police
Employees1,000+
Annual budget$138.5 million (2011 Adopted Budget)
Jurisdictional structure
Operations jurisdictionKing County, Washington, U.S.
Population2.1 million
Governing bodyKing County Council
General nature
Operational structure
HeadquartersKing County Courthouse (Downtown Seattle)
Deputies720
Agency executive
Units
4
  • Field Operations Division
  • Criminal Investigations Division
  • Special Operations Division
  • Technical Services Division
Facilities
PrecinctsYes (4 including HQ)
Police boatsYes
Helicopters6 ( 1 Bell 206B3,2 Bell UH-1H "Huey", one is a UH-1H "Plus",1 Bell 407, 2 TH-67 training helicopters)
Website
http://www.kingcounty.gov/safety/sheriff.aspx
The KCSO provides policing for unincorporated areas of King County, 12 contracting cities

The current Sheriff of King County is Patti Cole-Tindall, the former Undersheriff within the department. Cole-Tindall was appointed in November 2021 and was sworn in on January 1, 2022 then confirmed as permanent sheriff by the King County Council on May 23, 2022

History Edit

The first King County Sheriff was elected in 1852. The office was renamed the King County Department of Public Safety after voters approved a charter change in 1968, and the director would be appointed. In the 1980s, the name of the department was again changed, this time to the King County Police Department. In 1996, voters decided to reinstate voting for the sheriff and the name was changed back to the King County Sheriff’s Office.[2] However, in 2020, voters decided to return to an appointed sheriff and to allow the King County Council to change the duties of the sheriff.[3]

As a result of the 2020 election, on December 31, 2021, Sheriff Mitzi Johanknecht finished out her elected term. Johanknecht's Undersheriff, Patti Cole-Tindall was appointed as Interim Sheriff by Executive Dow Constantine.[4]

Sheriffs since 1981 Edit

Divisions Edit

  • Office of the Sheriff - includes the Sheriff, Undersheriff, chief of staff, aides, a media relations officer, labor negotiator, the Internal Investigations Unit, and the Legal Unit.
  • Field Operations Division - manages the core functions of patrol, precinct-based detectives, crime prevention, storefronts, and reserve deputies. The subdivision into four precincts allows for better community-based responses because the precinct commanders can use local data to direct law enforcement services. Day-to-day management of contract city police and school resource officers, are the responsibility of this division.
  • Special Operations Division - provides support services to other divisions, regional services to local agencies, and contract police service to the King County Metro Transit Division (including Sound Transit Police), King County Department of Transportation (Motor Unit (disbanded 10/1/12)), and the King County International Airport ARFF Police. Services provided by this division include: a K-9 unit with search and drug detection capabilities; Air Support (Guardian One); Marine Unit; Bomb Squad; tactical training in firearms, less-lethal weapons, and defensive tactics; Tac-30 (SWAT); hostage negotiations; dignitary protection; tow coordination and appeal hearings; Search & Rescue; D.M.T. (Demonstration Management Team); instruction in and equipment for Haz-Mat; and special event planning and coordination. The division has also taken the lead in planning for homeland security concerns.
  • Criminal Investigations Division (CID) - includes the Major Crimes Section, the Special Investigations Section, and the King County Regional Criminal Intelligence Group. The division serves citizens with follow-up investigative, warrant, and intelligence-gathering services. Specifically, it investigates crimes including homicide, domestic violence, computer fraud, forgery, sexual assault, and more. CID also addresses child support enforcement issues.
  • Technical Services Division - provides the bulk of support services that are vital to efficient operations. Often, the employees in this division provide direct services to citizens as well as support services to the other divisions. Services provided by the division personnel include emergency 9-1-1 call receiving and dispatching, managing court security (County Marshals), technology development, records, contracting, civil process, personnel/hiring, payroll, purchasing, training, photography, application and administration of grants, planning, and all aspects of fingerprint identification.

Contract cities Edit

 
King County, WA Contract City Patches

The following cities contract their police departments to KCSO:

Other contracts Edit

  • King County International Airport Police/Fire ARFF (Boeing Field)
  • King County Dept. of Transportation: Roads Division
  • Muckleshoot Indian Tribe
  • Metro Transit Police
  • Sound Transit Police
  • King County Marshals
  • King County Fire/Arson Investigators
  • c. 15 additional contract services from school districts to security
  • Marine Patrol contract to the cities of Beaux Arts, Bellevue, Issaquah, Kenmore, Kirkland, Redmond, Sammamish, and Yarrow Point. Marine calls for service only on all other King County Sheriff's Office city patrol contracts.

Most of the contracts within the Sheriff's Office have their own patch and patrol car design and wear a King County Sheriff badge, while other contracts have no identity other than the King County Sheriff uniform, patch and patrol car. Those contracts that don't have their own identity are Beaux Arts Village, Skykomish, Muckleshoot Tribe (they wear a tribal patch on each sleeve beneath the King County Sheriff patch) and King County Metro Transit. King County Metro Transit Police, a unit of the sheriff's office,[18] do have their own style of patrol car specific to Metro Police, and their own uniform with the standard King County Sheriff patch. The city of North Bend contracted with the KCSO from 1973 until March 8, 2014 when the City of Snoqualmie Police Department took over the policing duties in North Bend, at that time the North Bend contract was KCSO longest standing contract.

The KCSO Motor Unit existed under contract with the King County Department of Transportation: Roads Division, which in turn provided funding for S.T.E.P (the Selective Traffic Enforcement Program) which targeted select arterials within unincorporated King County based on a history of accidents, chronic traffic problems, and high citizen complaints. The KCSO Motors Unit wore the standard KCSO patch and Class A uniform and rode Honda KCSO marked police motorcycles. The Motor Unit participated in traffic enforcement, instructor certifications, dignitary protection and escort, parades and special events, educational and school activities as well as extensive motorcycle training. This unit was disbanded October 1, 2012.[19] The contract cities of Sammamish and SeaTac each have two full time motorcycle deputies assigned to traffic patrol duties.

Rank structure Edit

Title Insignia
Sheriff
 
Undersheriff*
 
Chief
 
Major
 
Captain
 
Sergeant
 
Master Police Officer (Deputy)
 
Deputy
  • Contract city chiefs wear three stars when in their contract uniform and one star when in a KCSO uniform.

Law Enforcement Exploring Program Edit

The King County Sheriff's Office has a volunteer program for individuals between the ages of 14 and 21 who are interested in investigating a career in the field of law enforcement. The program is called the King County Sheriff Explorers and is a local post of the Learning for Life Exploring program. The explorer post has a rank structure similar to the Sheriff's Office. The explorers attend academies and competitions, ride-along with deputies on patrol, and receive training on a variety of law enforcement topics.

There are four Explorer posts in cities contracted with the King County Sheriff's Office, those being an unincorporated post in Woodinville, as well as city posts in Maple Valley, Burien, and Sammamish.

Controversy Edit

In February 2012, Dustin Theoharis was shot sixteen times by a sheriff's deputy and a Department of Corrections officer as he lay in his bed. The officers were attempting to search the home for another man when they saw Theoharis move and they opened fire. Officers responding to the shooting allegedly[citation needed] failed to gather evidence, moved items at the crime scene and acted as advocates for the shooters. An internal investigation found no wrongdoing on the part of the officers. The officers involved refused to cooperate with the investigation. The state settled a lawsuit for $2.5 Million.[20] The county agreed to pay $3 million to settle the matter. Sheriff John Urquhart pointed out to the press that he was not responsible for this incident as he had not yet been elected.[21]

In 2017 Detective Richard Rowe in plain clothes approached a motorcyclist from behind with his gun drawn without identifying himself as a law enforcement officer for a full minute. He also reached into the motocyclist's pocket to pull out his wallet so that an observer might think an armed robbery was in progress. The department later settled the case with a $65,000 payment to the victim and agreed to modify its use-of-force policy.[22]

In March 2021, the King County Sheriff's Office agreed to pay out a $5 million settlement to the family of Tommy Le, a 20-year-old high school student who was shot and killed by Deputy Cesar Molina in 2017. Deputies had encountered Le while responding to a report of a disoriented man who may have been armed with a knife or sharp object. The sheriff's office initially stated that Le attacked deputies with a knife or other sharp object and that Molina shot Le in self-defense. An investigation by the sheriff's office Use of Force Board cleared the shooting on the basis that deputies "reasonably believed that [Le] was armed with a deadly weapon and had already attacked someone with a knife".[23] However, a subsequent outside review of the case found a "lack of rigor" in the sheriff's office's investigation, pointing to significant issues such as evidence suggesting that Le was likely moving away from the deputies when he was shot. The review also found that while Le was found to be carrying a ballpoint pen during the encounter, KCSO investigators spent a large amount of their time trying to find the knife reported by one witness in order to justify the shooting. [24][25]

See also Edit

References Edit

  1. ^
  2. ^ "Sheriff takes another step back to roots in naming undersheriff | the Seattle Times".
  3. ^ "King County sheriff to be appointed not elected under approved measure". king5.com. November 5, 2020. Retrieved November 7, 2020.
  4. ^ "King County, Washington, Charter Amendment 5, Return Sheriff to an Appointed Position Measure (2020)". November 3, 2020.
  5. ^ "Dunlap, Ronald W. (b. 1937) - HistoryLink.org".
  6. ^ "The Seattle Times: Green River killings".
  7. ^ "The Seattle Times: Green River killings".
  8. ^ "Vern Thomas".
  9. ^ Carlton Smith and Tomas Guillen, The Search For The Green River Killer (New York: Onyx, 1991),159
  10. ^ Carlton Smith and Tomas Guillen, The Search For The Green River Killer (New York: Onyx, 1991),418
  11. ^ Carlton Smith and Tomas Guillen, The Search For The Green River Killer (New York: Onyx, 1991),421
  12. ^ Carlton Smith and Tomas Guillen, The Search For The Green River Killer (New York: Onyx, 1991),429
  13. ^ "New King County Sheriff sworn in". May 17, 2012.
  14. ^ "John Urquhart Sworn in Today as New King County Sheriff". October 24, 2018.
  15. ^ "John Urquhart Sworn in Today as New King County Sheriff". October 24, 2018.
  16. ^ "Executive Constantine appoints Patti Cole-Tindall as interim King County Sheriff". November 23, 2021.
  17. ^ "'It's tough.' King County Sheriff Patti Cole-Tindall goes back to the academy". December 19, 2022.
  18. ^ Metro Transit Police, King County, Washington, retrieved July 7, 2013
  19. ^ "King County Sheriff's motorcycle unit to be eliminated (Seattle Times blog)", The Seattle Times, September 6, 2012
  20. ^ "Man mistakenly shot by police: 'Sometimes they make mistakes'". March 21, 2015.
  21. ^ "Shot 16 times by officers: Innocent man files $20M suit". FOX13 News Seattle Washington KCPQ. July 10, 2013. Retrieved April 12, 2022.
  22. ^ Clarridge, Christine (December 10, 2018). "King County Sheriff's Office to pay motorcyclist held at gunpoint $65,000, plus change use-of-force rules". The Seattle Times.
  23. ^ Kamb, Lewis (August 22, 2018). "King County sheriff's review board finds deputy's shooting of Tommy Le was justified". The Seattle Times. Retrieved January 10, 2023.
  24. ^ Carter, Mike (March 24, 2021). "King County Sheriff's Office will pay $5 million settlement in deputy's fatal shooting of Tommy Le". The Seattle Times. Retrieved January 10, 2023.
  25. ^ Radil, Amy (September 2, 2020). "Police shooting of Tommy Le: New report finds "serious gaps" in King County investigation". KUOW. Retrieved January 10, 2023.

External links Edit

  • King County Sheriff website
    • King County Sheriff's Office website at the Wayback Machine (archive index)

king, county, sheriff, office, this, article, contain, excessive, amount, intricate, detail, that, interest, only, particular, audience, please, help, spinning, relocating, relevant, information, removing, excessive, detail, that, against, wikipedia, inclusion. This article may contain an excessive amount of intricate detail that may interest only a particular audience Please help by spinning off or relocating any relevant information and removing excessive detail that may be against Wikipedia s inclusion policy April 2022 Learn how and when to remove this template message The King County Sheriff s Office KCSO is a local police agency in King County Washington United States It is the primary law enforcement agency for all unincorporated areas of King County as well as 12 cities and two transit agencies which contract their police services to the KCSO KCSO also provides police and fire Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fighting to the King County International Airport Boeing Field KCSO also provides regional level support services to other local law enforcement agencies such as air support and search and rescue The department has over 1 000 employees and serves 2 1 million citizens 1 over 500 000 of whom live in either unincorporated areas or the 12 contract cities King County Sheriff s OfficePatch of the King County Sheriff s OfficeAbbreviationKCSOMottoEvery Call CountsAgency overviewFormed1852 171 years ago 1852 Preceding agencyMunicipal PoliceEmployees1 000 Annual budget 138 5 million 2011 Adopted Budget Jurisdictional structureOperations jurisdictionKing County Washington U S Population2 1 millionGoverning bodyKing County CouncilGeneral natureLocal civilian policeOperational structureHeadquartersKing County Courthouse Downtown Seattle Deputies720Agency executivePatti Cole Tindall SheriffUnits4 Field Operations DivisionCriminal Investigations DivisionSpecial Operations DivisionTechnical Services DivisionFacilitiesPrecinctsYes 4 including HQ Police boatsYesHelicopters6 1 Bell 206B3 2 Bell UH 1H Huey one is a UH 1H Plus 1 Bell 407 2 TH 67 training helicopters Websitehttp www kingcounty gov safety sheriff aspxThe KCSO provides policing for unincorporated areas of King County 12 contracting citiesThe current Sheriff of King County is Patti Cole Tindall the former Undersheriff within the department Cole Tindall was appointed in November 2021 and was sworn in on January 1 2022 then confirmed as permanent sheriff by the King County Council on May 23 2022 Contents 1 History 1 1 Sheriffs since 1981 2 Divisions 3 Contract cities 3 1 Other contracts 4 Rank structure 5 Law Enforcement Exploring Program 6 Controversy 7 See also 8 References 9 External linksHistory EditThis section needs expansion with relevant historical data You can help by adding to it August 2013 The first King County Sheriff was elected in 1852 The office was renamed the King County Department of Public Safety after voters approved a charter change in 1968 and the director would be appointed In the 1980s the name of the department was again changed this time to the King County Police Department In 1996 voters decided to reinstate voting for the sheriff and the name was changed back to the King County Sheriff s Office 2 However in 2020 voters decided to return to an appointed sheriff and to allow the King County Council to change the duties of the sheriff 3 As a result of the 2020 election on December 31 2021 Sheriff Mitzi Johanknecht finished out her elected term Johanknecht s Undersheriff Patti Cole Tindall was appointed as Interim Sheriff by Executive Dow Constantine 4 Sheriffs since 1981 Edit Barney Winckoski 1981 1983 5 6 Jim Nickle acting sheriff 1983 7 Vernon Thomas 1983 1987 8 9 10 Jim Nickle acting sheriff 1987 1988 11 James Montgomery 1988 1997 12 Dave Reichert 1997 2004 Sue Rahr 2005 2012 Steve Strachan 2012 13 14 John Urquhart 2012 2018 15 Mitzi Johanknecht 2018 2021 Patti Cole Tindall current 16 17 Divisions EditOffice of the Sheriff includes the Sheriff Undersheriff chief of staff aides a media relations officer labor negotiator the Internal Investigations Unit and the Legal Unit Field Operations Division manages the core functions of patrol precinct based detectives crime prevention storefronts and reserve deputies The subdivision into four precincts allows for better community based responses because the precinct commanders can use local data to direct law enforcement services Day to day management of contract city police and school resource officers are the responsibility of this division Special Operations Division provides support services to other divisions regional services to local agencies and contract police service to the King County Metro Transit Division including Sound Transit Police King County Department of Transportation Motor Unit disbanded 10 1 12 and the King County International Airport ARFF Police Services provided by this division include a K 9 unit with search and drug detection capabilities Air Support Guardian One Marine Unit Bomb Squad tactical training in firearms less lethal weapons and defensive tactics Tac 30 SWAT hostage negotiations dignitary protection tow coordination and appeal hearings Search amp Rescue D M T Demonstration Management Team instruction in and equipment for Haz Mat and special event planning and coordination The division has also taken the lead in planning for homeland security concerns Criminal Investigations Division CID includes the Major Crimes Section the Special Investigations Section and the King County Regional Criminal Intelligence Group The division serves citizens with follow up investigative warrant and intelligence gathering services Specifically it investigates crimes including homicide domestic violence computer fraud forgery sexual assault and more CID also addresses child support enforcement issues Technical Services Division provides the bulk of support services that are vital to efficient operations Often the employees in this division provide direct services to citizens as well as support services to the other divisions Services provided by the division personnel include emergency 9 1 1 call receiving and dispatching managing court security County Marshals technology development records contracting civil process personnel hiring payroll purchasing training photography application and administration of grants planning and all aspects of fingerprint identification Contract cities Edit nbsp King County WA Contract City PatchesThe following cities contract their police departments to KCSO Beaux Arts Village Burien Carnation Covington Kenmore Maple Valley Newcastle Sammamish SeaTac Shoreline Skykomish WoodinvilleOther contracts Edit King County International Airport Police Fire ARFF Boeing Field King County Dept of Transportation Roads Division Muckleshoot Indian Tribe Metro Transit Police Sound Transit Police King County Marshals King County Fire Arson Investigators c 15 additional contract services from school districts to security Marine Patrol contract to the cities of Beaux Arts Bellevue Issaquah Kenmore Kirkland Redmond Sammamish and Yarrow Point Marine calls for service only on all other King County Sheriff s Office city patrol contracts Most of the contracts within the Sheriff s Office have their own patch and patrol car design and wear a King County Sheriff badge while other contracts have no identity other than the King County Sheriff uniform patch and patrol car Those contracts that don t have their own identity are Beaux Arts Village Skykomish Muckleshoot Tribe they wear a tribal patch on each sleeve beneath the King County Sheriff patch and King County Metro Transit King County Metro Transit Police a unit of the sheriff s office 18 do have their own style of patrol car specific to Metro Police and their own uniform with the standard King County Sheriff patch The city of North Bend contracted with the KCSO from 1973 until March 8 2014 when the City of Snoqualmie Police Department took over the policing duties in North Bend at that time the North Bend contract was KCSO longest standing contract The KCSO Motor Unit existed under contract with the King County Department of Transportation Roads Division which in turn provided funding for S T E P the Selective Traffic Enforcement Program which targeted select arterials within unincorporated King County based on a history of accidents chronic traffic problems and high citizen complaints The KCSO Motors Unit wore the standard KCSO patch and Class A uniform and rode Honda KCSO marked police motorcycles The Motor Unit participated in traffic enforcement instructor certifications dignitary protection and escort parades and special events educational and school activities as well as extensive motorcycle training This unit was disbanded October 1 2012 19 The contract cities of Sammamish and SeaTac each have two full time motorcycle deputies assigned to traffic patrol duties Rank structure EditTitle InsigniaSheriff nbsp Undersheriff nbsp Chief nbsp Major nbsp Captain nbsp Sergeant nbsp Master Police Officer Deputy nbsp DeputyContract city chiefs wear three stars when in their contract uniform and one star when in a KCSO uniform Law Enforcement Exploring Program EditThe King County Sheriff s Office has a volunteer program for individuals between the ages of 14 and 21 who are interested in investigating a career in the field of law enforcement The program is called the King County Sheriff Explorers and is a local post of the Learning for Life Exploring program The explorer post has a rank structure similar to the Sheriff s Office The explorers attend academies and competitions ride along with deputies on patrol and receive training on a variety of law enforcement topics There are four Explorer posts in cities contracted with the King County Sheriff s Office those being an unincorporated post in Woodinville as well as city posts in Maple Valley Burien and Sammamish Controversy EditIn February 2012 Dustin Theoharis was shot sixteen times by a sheriff s deputy and a Department of Corrections officer as he lay in his bed The officers were attempting to search the home for another man when they saw Theoharis move and they opened fire Officers responding to the shooting allegedly citation needed failed to gather evidence moved items at the crime scene and acted as advocates for the shooters An internal investigation found no wrongdoing on the part of the officers The officers involved refused to cooperate with the investigation The state settled a lawsuit for 2 5 Million 20 The county agreed to pay 3 million to settle the matter Sheriff John Urquhart pointed out to the press that he was not responsible for this incident as he had not yet been elected 21 In 2017 Detective Richard Rowe in plain clothes approached a motorcyclist from behind with his gun drawn without identifying himself as a law enforcement officer for a full minute He also reached into the motocyclist s pocket to pull out his wallet so that an observer might think an armed robbery was in progress The department later settled the case with a 65 000 payment to the victim and agreed to modify its use of force policy 22 In March 2021 the King County Sheriff s Office agreed to pay out a 5 million settlement to the family of Tommy Le a 20 year old high school student who was shot and killed by Deputy Cesar Molina in 2017 Deputies had encountered Le while responding to a report of a disoriented man who may have been armed with a knife or sharp object The sheriff s office initially stated that Le attacked deputies with a knife or other sharp object and that Molina shot Le in self defense An investigation by the sheriff s office Use of Force Board cleared the shooting on the basis that deputies reasonably believed that Le was armed with a deadly weapon and had already attacked someone with a knife 23 However a subsequent outside review of the case found a lack of rigor in the sheriff s office s investigation pointing to significant issues such as evidence suggesting that Le was likely moving away from the deputies when he was shot The review also found that while Le was found to be carrying a ballpoint pen during the encounter KCSO investigators spent a large amount of their time trying to find the knife reported by one witness in order to justify the shooting 24 25 See also EditList of law enforcement agencies in Washington state References Edit King County Sheriff What We Do Sheriff takes another step back to roots in naming undersheriff the Seattle Times King County sheriff to be appointed not elected under approved measure king5 com November 5 2020 Retrieved November 7 2020 King County Washington Charter Amendment 5 Return Sheriff to an Appointed Position Measure 2020 November 3 2020 Dunlap Ronald W b 1937 HistoryLink org The Seattle Times Green River killings The Seattle Times Green River killings Vern Thomas Carlton Smith and Tomas Guillen The Search For The Green River Killer New York Onyx 1991 159 Carlton Smith and Tomas Guillen The Search For The Green River Killer New York Onyx 1991 418 Carlton Smith and Tomas Guillen The Search For The Green River Killer New York Onyx 1991 421 Carlton Smith and Tomas Guillen The Search For The Green River Killer New York Onyx 1991 429 New King County Sheriff sworn in May 17 2012 John Urquhart Sworn in Today as New King County Sheriff October 24 2018 John Urquhart Sworn in Today as New King County Sheriff October 24 2018 Executive Constantine appoints Patti Cole Tindall as interim King County Sheriff November 23 2021 It s tough King County Sheriff Patti Cole Tindall goes back to the academy December 19 2022 Metro Transit Police King County Washington retrieved July 7 2013 King County Sheriff s motorcycle unit to be eliminated Seattle Times blog The Seattle Times September 6 2012 Man mistakenly shot by police Sometimes they make mistakes March 21 2015 Shot 16 times by officers Innocent man files 20M suit FOX13 News Seattle Washington KCPQ July 10 2013 Retrieved April 12 2022 Clarridge Christine December 10 2018 King County Sheriff s Office to pay motorcyclist held at gunpoint 65 000 plus change use of force rules The Seattle Times Kamb Lewis August 22 2018 King County sheriff s review board finds deputy s shooting of Tommy Le was justified The Seattle Times Retrieved January 10 2023 Carter Mike March 24 2021 King County Sheriff s Office will pay 5 million settlement in deputy s fatal shooting of Tommy Le The Seattle Times Retrieved January 10 2023 Radil Amy September 2 2020 Police shooting of Tommy Le New report finds serious gaps in King County investigation KUOW Retrieved January 10 2023 External links Edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to King County Sheriff s Office King County Sheriff website King County Sheriff s Office website at the Wayback Machine archive index King County Sheriff Explorer website Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title King County Sheriff 27s Office amp oldid 1150967097, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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