Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques (abbreviation CTHM; Arabic: خَادِمُ ٱلْحَرَمَيْنِ ٱلشَّرِيفَيْنِ, romanized: Khādim al-Ḥaramayn aš-Šarīfayn, lit. 'Servant of the Two Noble Sanctuaries'), or Protector of the Two Holy Cities, is a royal style that has been used officially by the monarchs of Saudi Arabia since 1986. The title has historically been used by many Muslim rulers in the past, including the Ayyubids, the Mamluks, the Ottomans and the Sharifain rulers of Hejaz. The title was sometimes regarded to denote the de factoCaliph of Islam,[1] but it mainly refers to the ruler taking the responsibility of guarding and maintaining the two holiest mosques in Islam: Al-Haram Mosque (Arabic: اَلْمَسْجِدُ ٱلْحَرَامُ, romanized: Al-Masjid al-Ḥarām, "The Sacred Mosque") in Mecca and the Prophet's Mosque (Arabic: اَلْمَسْجِدُ ٱلنَّبَوِيُّ, romanized: Al-Masjid an-Nabawī) in Medina,[1][2] both of which are in the Hejazi region[3] of Saudi Arabia. The Custodian has been named the most powerful and influential person in Islam and the Sunni branch of Islam by The Muslim 500, as well as the most powerful Muslim and Arab ruler in the world.[4]
The holy mosques of Mecca (left) and Medina (right), illustrated in an 18th-century religious manuscript
It is believed that the first person to use the title was Saladin.[5]
After defeating the Mamluks and gaining control of the Mecca and Medina in 1517, the Ottoman sultan Selim I adopted the title. Rather than style himself the Ḥākimü'l-Ḥaremeyn (Arabic: حَاكِمُ الْحَرَمَيْن, Ruler of the Two Sanctuaries), he accepted the title Ḫādimü'l-Ḥaremeyn (Arabic: خَادِمُ الْحَرَمَيْن, Servant of the Two Sanctuaries).[6][7][8]
The first King of Saudi Arabia to assume the title was Faisal bin Abdul Aziz (1906–1975). His successor Khalid did not use the title,[5] but the latter's successor Fahd did, replacing the term "His Majesty" with it.[9] The current king, Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, took the same title after the death of King Abdullah, his half brother, on 23 January 2015.[2]
Referencesedit
^ abWood, Paul (1 August 2005). "Life and legacy of King Fahd". BBC News. from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 6 April 2011.
^ ab. The Saudi Embassy in Tokyo, Japan. Archived from the original on 20 January 2011. Retrieved 6 April 2011.
^Hopkins, Daniel J.; 편집부 (2001). Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary. p. 479. ISBN0-87779-546-0. Retrieved 17 March 2013.
^"Archived copy". from the original on 28 July 2023. Retrieved 28 July 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^ abFakkar, Galal (27 January 2015). "Story behind the king's title". Arab News. Jeddah. from the original on 4 August 2016. Retrieved 27 June 2016.
^Emecen, Feridun (2009). "Selim I". TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 36 (Sakal – Sevm) (in Turkish). Istanbul: Turkiye Diyanet Foundation, Centre for Islamic Studies. pp. 413–414. ISBN978-975-389-566-8.
^İlber Ortaylı, "Yavuz Sultan Selim" 14 November 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Milliyet (In Turkish)
^"İlber Ortaylı, "Surre alayı Topkapı Sarayı'ndan geçiyor"" [İlber Ortaylı, "The Surre procession passes through Topkapı Palace"]. Milliyet (in Turkish). 20 April 2008. from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 13 November 2016.
^"Fahad played pivotal role in development". Gulf Daily News. 2 August 2005. from the original on 5 October 2013. Retrieved 2 February 2013.
May 11, 2024
custodian, holy, mosques, abbreviation, cthm, arabic, اد, ٱل, ٱلش, يف, romanized, khādim, Ḥaramayn, Šarīfayn, servant, noble, sanctuaries, protector, holy, cities, royal, style, that, been, used, officially, monarchs, saudi, arabia, since, 1986, title, histori. Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques abbreviation CTHM Arabic خ اد م ٱل ح ر م ي ن ٱلش ر يف ي ن romanized Khadim al Ḥaramayn as Sarifayn lit Servant of the Two Noble Sanctuaries or Protector of the Two Holy Cities is a royal style that has been used officially by the monarchs of Saudi Arabia since 1986 The title has historically been used by many Muslim rulers in the past including the Ayyubids the Mamluks the Ottomans and the Sharifain rulers of Hejaz The title was sometimes regarded to denote the de facto Caliph of Islam 1 but it mainly refers to the ruler taking the responsibility of guarding and maintaining the two holiest mosques in Islam Al Haram Mosque Arabic ا ل م س ج د ٱل ح ر ام romanized Al Masjid al Ḥaram The Sacred Mosque in Mecca and the Prophet s Mosque Arabic ا ل م س ج د ٱلن ب و ي romanized Al Masjid an Nabawi in Medina 1 2 both of which are in the Hejazi region 3 of Saudi Arabia The Custodian has been named the most powerful and influential person in Islam and the Sunni branch of Islam by The Muslim 500 as well as the most powerful Muslim and Arab ruler in the world 4 Custodian of the Two Holy Mosquesخ اد م ٱل ح ر م ي ن ٱلش ر يف ي ن Khadim al Ḥaramayn as Sarifayn in Arabic IncumbentSalman bin Abdulaziz Al Saudsince 23 January 2015DetailsStyleCustodian of the Two Holy Mosques formal or His Majesty diplomatic relations First monarchSaladinFormation12th century CE de facto November 1986 de jure ResidenceAl Yamamah Palace Riyadh Al Salam Palace Jeddah Websitehttps www alharamain gov sa Styles of The Custodian of the Two Holy MosquesReference styleCustodian of the Two Holy MosquesSpoken styleHis MajestyHistory edit nbsp The holy mosques of Mecca left and Medina right illustrated in an 18th century religious manuscript It is believed that the first person to use the title was Saladin 5 After defeating the Mamluks and gaining control of the Mecca and Medina in 1517 the Ottoman sultan Selim I adopted the title Rather than style himself the Ḥakimu l Ḥaremeyn Arabic ح اك م ال ح ر م ي ن Ruler of the Two Sanctuaries he accepted the title Ḫadimu l Ḥaremeyn Arabic خ اد م ال ح ر م ي ن Servant of the Two Sanctuaries 6 7 8 The first King of Saudi Arabia to assume the title was Faisal bin Abdul Aziz 1906 1975 His successor Khalid did not use the title 5 but the latter s successor Fahd did replacing the term His Majesty with it 9 The current king Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud took the same title after the death of King Abdullah his half brother on 23 January 2015 2 References edit a b Wood Paul 1 August 2005 Life and legacy of King Fahd BBC News Archived from the original on 4 March 2016 Retrieved 6 April 2011 a b Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz The Saudi Embassy in Tokyo Japan Archived from the original on 20 January 2011 Retrieved 6 April 2011 Hopkins Daniel J 편집부 2001 Merriam Webster s Geographical Dictionary p 479 ISBN 0 87779 546 0 Retrieved 17 March 2013 Archived copy Archived from the original on 28 July 2023 Retrieved 28 July 2023 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link a b Fakkar Galal 27 January 2015 Story behind the king s title Arab News Jeddah Archived from the original on 4 August 2016 Retrieved 27 June 2016 Emecen Feridun 2009 Selim I TDV Encyclopedia of Islam Vol 36 Sakal Sevm in Turkish Istanbul Turkiye Diyanet Foundation Centre for Islamic Studies pp 413 414 ISBN 978 975 389 566 8 Ilber Ortayli Yavuz Sultan Selim Archived 14 November 2016 at the Wayback Machine Milliyet In Turkish Ilber Ortayli Surre alayi Topkapi Sarayi ndan geciyor Ilber Ortayli The Surre procession passes through Topkapi Palace Milliyet in Turkish 20 April 2008 Archived from the original on 6 March 2016 Retrieved 13 November 2016 Fahad played pivotal role in development Gulf Daily News 2 August 2005 Archived from the original on 5 October 2013 Retrieved 2 February 2013 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques amp oldid 1214530860, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
