fbpx
Wikipedia

Keratin-associated protein

February 16, 2024

Keratin-associated proteins (KRTAPs, KAPs) and keratins are the major components of hair and nails. The content of KRTAPs in hair varies considerably between species, ranging from less than 3% in human hair to 30–40% in echidna quill. Both keratin and KRTAPs are extensively cross-linked in hair through disulfide bonds via numerous cysteine residues in keratins. Given the economic importance of wool, the KRTAP family has been studied intensively in sheep.[1]

Genetics edit

 
Syntenic gene organization of keratin and keratin-associated proteins on human chromosome 17 and mouse chromosome 11. Based on Wu & Irwin (2018).[1]

The KRTAP family of genes is unique to mammals. The family has evolved rapidly with about 188 genes in the mouse genome, 175 in the sloth, 122 in humans, but only 35 in dolphins (where only 9 genes are functional). In humans, there are 101 intact KRTAP genes and 21 (non-functional) pseudogenes. There are two major groups of KRTAP genes: high/ultrahigh cysteine (HS-KRTAP) and high glycine-tyrosine (HGT-KRTAP), that are thought to have independently originated based on their distinct amino acid compositions.[1]

Human KRTAP loci edit

The KRTAP locus on human chromosome 17 includes the following 40 genes (in this order on the chromosome; lower-case "p" indicates pseudogenes): KRTAP3-3, KRTAP3-2, KRTAP3p1, KRTAP3-1, KRTAP1-5, KRTAP1-4, KRTAP1-3, KRTAP1-1, KRTAP2-1, KRTAP2-2, KRTAP2-3, KRTAP2-4, KRTAP4p2, KRTAP4-7, KRTAP4-8, KRTAP4p1, KRTAP4-9, KRTAP4-11, KRTAP4-12, KRTAP4-6, KRTAP4-5, KRTAP4-4, KRTAP4-3, KRTAP4-2, KRTAP4-1, KRTAP4p3, KRTAP9-1, KRTAP9-9, KRTAP9-2, KRTAP9-3, KRTAP9-8, KRTAP9-4, KRTAP9-5, KRTAP9-6, KRTAP9-12 KRTAP9-7, KRTAP9-10, KRTAP29-1, KRTAP16-1, and KRTAP17-1.[1]

Similarly, the KRTAP locus on human chromosome 21 contains the following genes: KRTAP24-1, KRTAP25-1, KRTAP26-1, KRTAP27-1, KRTAP13-6, KRTAP13p2, KRTAP13-2, KRTAP13-1, KRTAP13-3, KRTAP13-4, KRTAP13p1, KRTAP13-5, KRTAP19-1, KRTAP19-2, KRTAP19-3, KRTAP19-4, KRTAP19-5, KRTAP19p1, KRTAP19p2, KRTAP19p3, KRTAP19-6, KRTAP19p5, KRTAP19-7, KRTAP6-3, KRTAP6-2, KRTAP19-9, KRTAP6-1, KRTAP20-1, KRTAP20-2, KRTAP19p4, KRTAP21p1, KRTAP21-2, KRTAP21-1, KRTAP8p1, KRTAP8p2, KRTAP8-1, KRTAP7p1, KRTAP11-1, KRTAP19-8, KRTAP10-1, KRTAP10-2, KRTAP10-3, KRTAP10-4, KRTAP10-5, KRTAP10-6, KRTAP10-7, KRTAP10-8, KRTAP10-9, KRTAP10-10, KRTAP10-11, KRTAP12-4, KRTAP12-3, KRTAP12-2, KRTAP12-1, KRTAP12p1, KRTAP10-12, KRTAP10p1.[1]

The other KRTAP genes form similar, but smaller clusters on chromosomes 2 and 11.[1]

It has been proposed to change the protein names from KRTAP to KAP, with the numbering scheme remaining the same. However, the gene names would remain the same (KRTAPx-x etc.).[2]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b c d e f Wu, Dong-Dong; Irwin, David M. (2018). "Evolution of Trichocyte Keratin Associated Proteins". The Hair Fibre: Proteins, Structure and Development. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Vol. 1054. pp. 47–56. doi:10.1007/978-981-10-8195-8_5. ISBN 978-981-10-8194-1. ISSN 0065-2598. PMID 29797267.
  2. ^ Plowman, Jeffrey E. (2018), Plowman, Jeffrey E.; Harland, Duane P.; Deb-Choudhury, Santanu (eds.), "Diversity of Trichocyte Keratins and Keratin Associated Proteins", The Hair Fibre: Proteins, Structure and Development, Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, Singapore: Springer, vol. 1054, pp. 21–32, doi:10.1007/978-981-10-8195-8_3, ISBN 978-981-10-8195-8, PMID 29797265, retrieved 2023-03-03

External links edit

  • KRTAP proteins in Uniprot
  • The KRTAP locus on human chromosome 17 (NCBI genome viewer)

February 16, 2024
keratin, associated, protein, krtaps, kaps, keratins, major, components, hair, nails, content, krtaps, hair, varies, considerably, between, species, ranging, from, less, than, human, hair, echidna, quill, both, keratin, krtaps, extensively, cross, linked, hair. Keratin associated proteins KRTAPs KAPs and keratins are the major components of hair and nails The content of KRTAPs in hair varies considerably between species ranging from less than 3 in human hair to 30 40 in echidna quill Both keratin and KRTAPs are extensively cross linked in hair through disulfide bonds via numerous cysteine residues in keratins Given the economic importance of wool the KRTAP family has been studied intensively in sheep 1 Contents 1 Genetics 1 1 Human KRTAP loci 2 See also 3 References 4 External linksGenetics edit nbsp Syntenic gene organization of keratin and keratin associated proteins on human chromosome 17 and mouse chromosome 11 Based on Wu amp Irwin 2018 1 The KRTAP family of genes is unique to mammals The family has evolved rapidly with about 188 genes in the mouse genome 175 in the sloth 122 in humans but only 35 in dolphins where only 9 genes are functional In humans there are 101 intact KRTAP genes and 21 non functional pseudogenes There are two major groups of KRTAP genes high ultrahigh cysteine HS KRTAP and high glycine tyrosine HGT KRTAP that are thought to have independently originated based on their distinct amino acid compositions 1 Human KRTAP loci edit The KRTAP locus on human chromosome 17 includes the following 40 genes in this order on the chromosome lower case p indicates pseudogenes KRTAP3 3 KRTAP3 2 KRTAP3p1 KRTAP3 1 KRTAP1 5 KRTAP1 4 KRTAP1 3 KRTAP1 1 KRTAP2 1 KRTAP2 2 KRTAP2 3 KRTAP2 4 KRTAP4p2 KRTAP4 7 KRTAP4 8 KRTAP4p1 KRTAP4 9 KRTAP4 11 KRTAP4 12 KRTAP4 6 KRTAP4 5 KRTAP4 4 KRTAP4 3 KRTAP4 2 KRTAP4 1 KRTAP4p3 KRTAP9 1 KRTAP9 9 KRTAP9 2 KRTAP9 3 KRTAP9 8 KRTAP9 4 KRTAP9 5 KRTAP9 6 KRTAP9 12 KRTAP9 7 KRTAP9 10 KRTAP29 1 KRTAP16 1 and KRTAP17 1 1 Similarly the KRTAP locus on human chromosome 21 contains the following genes KRTAP24 1 KRTAP25 1 KRTAP26 1 KRTAP27 1 KRTAP13 6 KRTAP13p2 KRTAP13 2 KRTAP13 1 KRTAP13 3 KRTAP13 4 KRTAP13p1 KRTAP13 5 KRTAP19 1 KRTAP19 2 KRTAP19 3 KRTAP19 4 KRTAP19 5 KRTAP19p1 KRTAP19p2 KRTAP19p3 KRTAP19 6 KRTAP19p5 KRTAP19 7 KRTAP6 3 KRTAP6 2 KRTAP19 9 KRTAP6 1 KRTAP20 1 KRTAP20 2 KRTAP19p4 KRTAP21p1 KRTAP21 2 KRTAP21 1 KRTAP8p1 KRTAP8p2 KRTAP8 1 KRTAP7p1 KRTAP11 1 KRTAP19 8 KRTAP10 1 KRTAP10 2 KRTAP10 3 KRTAP10 4 KRTAP10 5 KRTAP10 6 KRTAP10 7 KRTAP10 8 KRTAP10 9 KRTAP10 10 KRTAP10 11 KRTAP12 4 KRTAP12 3 KRTAP12 2 KRTAP12 1 KRTAP12p1 KRTAP10 12 KRTAP10p1 1 The other KRTAP genes form similar but smaller clusters on chromosomes 2 and 11 1 It has been proposed to change the protein names from KRTAP to KAP with the numbering scheme remaining the same However the gene names would remain the same KRTAPx x etc 2 See also editHuman chromosome 17 Keratin Keratin associated protein 5 6References edit a b c d e f Wu Dong Dong Irwin David M 2018 Evolution of Trichocyte Keratin Associated Proteins The Hair Fibre Proteins Structure and Development Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology Vol 1054 pp 47 56 doi 10 1007 978 981 10 8195 8 5 ISBN 978 981 10 8194 1 ISSN 0065 2598 PMID 29797267 Plowman Jeffrey E 2018 Plowman Jeffrey E Harland Duane P Deb Choudhury Santanu eds Diversity of Trichocyte Keratins and Keratin Associated Proteins The Hair Fibre Proteins Structure and Development Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology Singapore Springer vol 1054 pp 21 32 doi 10 1007 978 981 10 8195 8 3 ISBN 978 981 10 8195 8 PMID 29797265 retrieved 2023 03 03External links editKRTAP proteins in Uniprot The KRTAP locus on human chromosome 17 NCBI genome viewer Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Keratin associated protein amp oldid 1173494523, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.