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Kegel exercise

September 02, 2023

Kegel exercise, also known as pelvic floor exercise, involves repeatedly contracting and relaxing the muscles that form part of the pelvic floor, now sometimes colloquially referred to as the "Kegel muscles". The exercise can be performed many times a day, for several minutes at a time but takes one to three months to begin to have an effect.[1]

Kegel exercise
Kegel exercises diagram
PronunciationKegel: /ˈkeɪɡəl, kiː-/
Other namespelvic muscles exercise
[edit on Wikidata]

Kegel exercises aim to strengthen the pelvic floor muscles.[2] These muscles have many functions within the human body. In women, they are responsible for: holding up the bladder, preventing urinary stress incontinence (especially after childbirth), vaginal and uterine prolapse.[3][4] In men, these muscles are responsible for: urinary continence, fecal continence, and ejaculation.[5][4] Several tools exist to help with these exercises, although various studies debate the relative effectiveness of different tools versus traditional exercises.[6]

The American gynecologist Arnold Kegel first published a description of such exercises in 1948.[citation needed]

Mechanism of action Edit

Kegel exercises aim to improve muscle tone by strengthening the pubococcygeus muscles of the pelvic floor. Kegel is a popular[quantify] prescribed exercise for pregnant women to prepare the pelvic floor for physiological stresses of the later stages of pregnancy and childbirth. Various advisors recommend Kegel exercises for treating vaginal prolapse[7] and preventing uterine prolapse[8] in women and for treating prostate pain[citation needed] and swelling resulting from benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostatitis in men. Kegel exercises may have benefits in treating urinary incontinence in both men and women.[9] Kegel exercises may also increase sexual gratification, allowing women to complete pompoir and aiding men in reducing premature ejaculation.[5] The many actions performed by Kegel muscles include holding in urine and avoiding defecation. Reproducing this type of muscle action can strengthen the Kegel muscles. The action of slowing or stopping the flow of urine may be used as a test of correct pelvic-floor exercise technique.[10][11]

The components of levator ani (the pelvic diaphragm), namely pubococcygeus, puborectalis and iliococcygeus, contract and relax as one muscle.[12] Hence pelvic-floor exercises involve the entire levator ani rather than pubococcygeus alone. Pelvic-floor exercises may help in cases of fecal incontinence and in pelvic organ prolapse conditions e.g. rectal prolapse.[13]

Health effects Edit

Women Edit

Factors such as pregnancy, childbirth, aging, and being overweight often weaken the pelvic muscles.[14] This can be assessed by either digital examination of vaginal pressure or using a Kegel perineometer. Kegel exercises are useful in regaining pelvic floor muscle strength in such cases.[15]

The symptoms of prolapse and its severity can be decreased with pelvic floor exercises.[16][11] Effectiveness can be improved with feedback on how to do the exercises.[17]

Men Edit

Kegel exercises can train the perineal muscles by increasing oxygen supply and the strength of those muscles.[18] The names of the perineal muscles are: ischiocavernosus (erection), bulbocavernosus (ejaculation), external sphincter of the anus, striated urethral sphincter, transverse perineal, levator of the prostate, and puborectalis.[19]

Premature ejaculation is defined as when male ejaculation occurs after less than one minute of penetration.[20] The perineal muscles are involved in ejaculation when they are involuntarily contracted.[18] The ischiocavernosus muscle is responsible for male erection, and the bulbocavernosus muscle is responsible for ejaculation. By actively contracting the perineal muscles with Kegel exercises regularly, strength and control of these muscles increase, possibly aiding in avoidance of premature ejaculation.[18][21]

Urinary incontinence Edit

Pelvic floor exercises (muscle training) can be included in conservative treatment approaches for women with urinary incontinence.[22] There is tentative evidence that biofeedback may give added benefit when used with pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT).[23] There is no clear evidence that teaching pelvic floor exercises alters the risk of stress urinary incontinence in men that develop this condition post prostatectomy.[24]

In pregnant women, antenatal PFMT probably helps prevent urinary continence during pregnancy and up to six months after giving birth but for pregnant women who already have incontinence, it is not clear if antenatal PFMT helps to reduce symptoms.[19]

Fecal incontinence Edit

In pregnancy, it is not yet clear if antenatal PFMT helps to prevent or treat fecal incontinence.[19]

Pelvic toning devices Edit

Some devices, marketed to women, are for exercising the pelvic floor muscles and to improve the muscle tone of the pubococcygeal or vaginal muscle.

As of 2013 there was no evidence that doing pelvic floor exercise with weights worked better than doing Kegel exercises without weights; there is greater risk with weights, because a foreign object is introduced into the vagina.[25][6]

  •  

    A Kegel exerciser

  •  

    Jade eggs (or Yoni eggs) have been marketed for use in vaginal weightlifting.

  •  

    Ben wa balls

Marketing Edit

During the latter part of the 20th century, a number of medical and pseudo-medical devices were marketed to consumers as improving sexual performance or orgasms, increasing "energy", "balancing hormones", and as having other health or lifestyle benefits. There is no evidence for any of these claims, and many of them are pseudoscience.[26][27]

See also Edit

References Edit

  1. ^ "Pelvic floor muscle training exercises". MedlinePlus. 10 October 2018. Retrieved 14 May 2020.
  2. ^ "Pelvic floor muscle training exercises: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia". medlineplus.gov. Retrieved 2019-02-26. Pelvic floor muscle training exercises are a series of exercises designed to strengthen the muscles of the pelvic floor.
  3. ^ "Kegel Exercises | NIDDK". National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Retrieved 2017-12-02.  This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  4. ^ a b "Pelvic floor muscle training exercises: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia". medlineplus.gov. Retrieved 2017-12-02.
  5. ^ a b La Pera, G; Nicastro, A (1996). "A new treatment for premature ejaculation: the rehabilitation of the pelvic floor". Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy. 22 (1): 22–6. doi:10.1080/00926239608405302. PMID 8699493.
  6. ^ a b "A randomised controlled trial of the PelvicToner Device in female stress urinary incontinence". BJUI.org. Retrieved 2011-09-02.
  7. ^ September 2, 2011 (2011-02-09). "Vaginal Prolapse". eMedicineHealth. Retrieved 2011-09-02.
  8. ^ "MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Uterine prolapse". Nlm.nih.gov. 2011-08-29. Retrieved 2011-09-02.
  9. ^ "MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Kegel exercises". Nlm.nih.gov. 2011-08-29. Retrieved 2011-09-02.
  10. ^ Kenway, M., and Goh, J. (2009). Inside Out: The Essential Women's Guide to Pelvic Support.
  11. ^ a b "Cystocele (Prolapsed Bladder) | NIDDK". National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. Retrieved 2017-12-02.
  12. ^ Gowda, Supreeth N.; Bordoni, Bruno (2022). "Anatomy, Abdomen and Pelvis, Levator Ani Muscle". StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. PMID 32310538. Retrieved 11 May 2022.
  13. ^ Bø, K (2006). "Can pelvic floor muscle training prevent and treat pelvic organ prolapse?". Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 85 (3): 263–8. doi:10.1080/00016340500486800. PMID 16553172. S2CID 221452341.
  14. ^ Services, Department of Health & Human. "Pelvic floor". Retrieved 2018-02-21.
  15. ^ Mentor, Physio (2022-10-15). . Physiomentor. Archived from the original on 2022-10-15. Retrieved 2022-10-16.
  16. ^ Hagen S, Stark D (2011). "Conservative prevention and management of pelvic organ prolapse in women". Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 12 (12): CD003882. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003882.pub4. PMID 22161382.
  17. ^ Herderschee, R; Hay-Smith, EJ; Herbison, GP; Roovers, JP; Heineman, MJ (6 July 2011). "Feedback or biofeedback to augment pelvic floor muscle training for urinary incontinence in women". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (7): CD009252. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009252. PMID 21735442.
  18. ^ a b c Puppo, Vincenzo; Puppo, Giulia (January 2016). "Comprehensive review of the anatomy and physiology of male ejaculation: Premature ejaculation is not a disease: Anatomy and Physiology of Ejaculation". Clinical Anatomy. 29 (1): 111–119. doi:10.1002/ca.22655. PMID 26457680. S2CID 9213013.
  19. ^ a b c Woodley, SJ; Lawrenson, P; Boyle, R; Cody, JD; Mørkved, S; Kernohan, A; Hay-Smith, EJC (6 May 2020). "Pelvic floor muscle training for preventing and treating urinary and faecal incontinence in antenatal and postnatal women". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 5 (3): CD007471. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007471.pub4. PMC 7203602. PMID 32378735.
  20. ^ Goldstein, Sam; Naglieri, Jack A., eds. (2011). Encyclopedia of child behavior and development. [New York]: Springer. ISBN 9780387790619. OCLC 704395400.
  21. ^ Puppo, V.; Abdulcadir, J.; Mannucci, A.; Catania, L.; Abdulcadir, D. (April 2008). "T09-P-13 The importance of the Kegel exercises for the erection of the male and female erectile organs (male and female penis)". Sexologies. 17: S136. doi:10.1016/s1158-1360(08)72894-9. ISSN 1158-1360.
  22. ^ Dumoulin, Chantale; Cacciari, Licia P.; Hay-Smith, E. Jean C. (2018-10-04). "Pelvic floor muscle training versus no treatment, or inactive control treatments, for urinary incontinence in women". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2018 (10): CD005654. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005654.pub4. ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 6516955. PMID 30288727.
  23. ^ Herderschee R, Hay-Smith EJ, Herbison GP, Roovers JP, Heineman MJ (6 July 2011). "Feedback or biofeedback to augment pelvic floor muscle training for urinary incontinence in women". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (7): CD009252. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009252. PMID 21735442.
  24. ^ Anderson, Coral A.; Omar, Muhammad Imran; Campbell, Susan E.; Hunter, Kathleen F.; Cody, June D.; Glazener, Cathryn M. A. (2015-01-20). "Conservative management for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 1 (1): CD001843. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001843.pub5. hdl:2164/6141. ISSN 1469-493X. PMC 7025637. PMID 25602133.
  25. ^ Herbison, GP; Dean, N (8 July 2013). "Weighted vaginal cones for urinary incontinence". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2013 (7): CD002114. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002114.pub2. PMC 7086390. PMID 23836411.
  26. ^ Tuteur, Amy (18 December 2008). "Vaginal weight lifting". The Skeptical OB.
  27. ^ "No, Gwyneth Paltrow, women should not put jade eggs in their vaginas, gynecologist says". Washington Post. Retrieved 6 February 2017.

External links Edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kegel exercise.
  • Mayo Clinic - Kegel Exercises for Men
  • Kegel Exercises: Treating Male Urinary Incontinence

September 02, 2023
kegel, exercise, also, known, pelvic, floor, exercise, involves, repeatedly, contracting, relaxing, muscles, that, form, part, pelvic, floor, sometimes, colloquially, referred, kegel, muscles, exercise, performed, many, times, several, minutes, time, takes, th. Kegel exercise also known as pelvic floor exercise involves repeatedly contracting and relaxing the muscles that form part of the pelvic floor now sometimes colloquially referred to as the Kegel muscles The exercise can be performed many times a day for several minutes at a time but takes one to three months to begin to have an effect 1 Kegel exerciseKegel exercises diagramPronunciationKegel ˈ k eɪ ɡ el k iː Other namespelvic muscles exercise edit on Wikidata Kegel exercises aim to strengthen the pelvic floor muscles 2 These muscles have many functions within the human body In women they are responsible for holding up the bladder preventing urinary stress incontinence especially after childbirth vaginal and uterine prolapse 3 4 In men these muscles are responsible for urinary continence fecal continence and ejaculation 5 4 Several tools exist to help with these exercises although various studies debate the relative effectiveness of different tools versus traditional exercises 6 The American gynecologist Arnold Kegel first published a description of such exercises in 1948 citation needed Contents 1 Mechanism of action 2 Health effects 2 1 Women 2 2 Men 2 3 Urinary incontinence 2 4 Fecal incontinence 3 Pelvic toning devices 3 1 Marketing 4 See also 5 References 6 External linksMechanism of action EditKegel exercises aim to improve muscle tone by strengthening the pubococcygeus muscles of the pelvic floor Kegel is a popular quantify prescribed exercise for pregnant women to prepare the pelvic floor for physiological stresses of the later stages of pregnancy and childbirth Various advisors recommend Kegel exercises for treating vaginal prolapse 7 and preventing uterine prolapse 8 in women and for treating prostate pain citation needed and swelling resulting from benign prostatic hyperplasia BPH and prostatitis in men Kegel exercises may have benefits in treating urinary incontinence in both men and women 9 Kegel exercises may also increase sexual gratification allowing women to complete pompoir and aiding men in reducing premature ejaculation 5 The many actions performed by Kegel muscles include holding in urine and avoiding defecation Reproducing this type of muscle action can strengthen the Kegel muscles The action of slowing or stopping the flow of urine may be used as a test of correct pelvic floor exercise technique 10 11 The components of levator ani the pelvic diaphragm namely pubococcygeus puborectalis and iliococcygeus contract and relax as one muscle 12 Hence pelvic floor exercises involve the entire levator ani rather than pubococcygeus alone Pelvic floor exercises may help in cases of fecal incontinence and in pelvic organ prolapse conditions e g rectal prolapse 13 Health effects EditWomen Edit Factors such as pregnancy childbirth aging and being overweight often weaken the pelvic muscles 14 This can be assessed by either digital examination of vaginal pressure or using a Kegel perineometer Kegel exercises are useful in regaining pelvic floor muscle strength in such cases 15 The symptoms of prolapse and its severity can be decreased with pelvic floor exercises 16 11 Effectiveness can be improved with feedback on how to do the exercises 17 Men Edit Kegel exercises can train the perineal muscles by increasing oxygen supply and the strength of those muscles 18 The names of the perineal muscles are ischiocavernosus erection bulbocavernosus ejaculation external sphincter of the anus striated urethral sphincter transverse perineal levator of the prostate and puborectalis 19 Premature ejaculation is defined as when male ejaculation occurs after less than one minute of penetration 20 The perineal muscles are involved in ejaculation when they are involuntarily contracted 18 The ischiocavernosus muscle is responsible for male erection and the bulbocavernosus muscle is responsible for ejaculation By actively contracting the perineal muscles with Kegel exercises regularly strength and control of these muscles increase possibly aiding in avoidance of premature ejaculation 18 21 Urinary incontinence Edit Pelvic floor exercises muscle training can be included in conservative treatment approaches for women with urinary incontinence 22 There is tentative evidence that biofeedback may give added benefit when used with pelvic floor muscle training PFMT 23 There is no clear evidence that teaching pelvic floor exercises alters the risk of stress urinary incontinence in men that develop this condition post prostatectomy 24 In pregnant women antenatal PFMT probably helps prevent urinary continence during pregnancy and up to six months after giving birth but for pregnant women who already have incontinence it is not clear if antenatal PFMT helps to reduce symptoms 19 Fecal incontinence Edit In pregnancy it is not yet clear if antenatal PFMT helps to prevent or treat fecal incontinence 19 Pelvic toning devices EditSome devices marketed to women are for exercising the pelvic floor muscles and to improve the muscle tone of the pubococcygeal or vaginal muscle As of 2013 there was no evidence that doing pelvic floor exercise with weights worked better than doing Kegel exercises without weights there is greater risk with weights because a foreign object is introduced into the vagina 25 6 nbsp A Kegel exerciser nbsp Jade eggs or Yoni eggs have been marketed for use in vaginal weightlifting nbsp Ben wa ballsMarketing Edit During the latter part of the 20th century a number of medical and pseudo medical devices were marketed to consumers as improving sexual performance or orgasms increasing energy balancing hormones and as having other health or lifestyle benefits There is no evidence for any of these claims and many of them are pseudoscience 26 27 See also EditPelvic floor physical therapy Taoist sexual practices Vacuum exercise Vaginal steamingReferences Edit Pelvic floor muscle training exercises MedlinePlus 10 October 2018 Retrieved 14 May 2020 Pelvic floor muscle training exercises MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia medlineplus gov Retrieved 2019 02 26 Pelvic floor muscle training exercises are a series of exercises designed to strengthen the muscles of the pelvic floor Kegel Exercises NIDDK National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Retrieved 2017 12 02 nbsp This article incorporates text from this source which is in the public domain a b Pelvic floor muscle training exercises MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia medlineplus gov Retrieved 2017 12 02 a b La Pera G Nicastro A 1996 A new treatment for premature ejaculation the rehabilitation of the pelvic floor Journal of Sex amp Marital Therapy 22 1 22 6 doi 10 1080 00926239608405302 PMID 8699493 a b A randomised controlled trial of the PelvicToner Device in female stress urinary incontinence BJUI org Retrieved 2011 09 02 September 2 2011 2011 02 09 Vaginal Prolapse eMedicineHealth Retrieved 2011 09 02 MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia Uterine prolapse Nlm nih gov 2011 08 29 Retrieved 2011 09 02 MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia Kegel exercises Nlm nih gov 2011 08 29 Retrieved 2011 09 02 Kenway M and Goh J 2009 Inside Out The Essential Women s Guide to Pelvic Support a b Cystocele Prolapsed Bladder NIDDK National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Retrieved 2017 12 02 Gowda Supreeth N Bordoni Bruno 2022 Anatomy Abdomen and Pelvis Levator Ani Muscle StatPearls StatPearls Publishing PMID 32310538 Retrieved 11 May 2022 Bo K 2006 Can pelvic floor muscle training prevent and treat pelvic organ prolapse Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 85 3 263 8 doi 10 1080 00016340500486800 PMID 16553172 S2CID 221452341 Services Department of Health amp Human Pelvic floor Retrieved 2018 02 21 Mentor Physio 2022 10 15 Kegel Exercises Pelvic Floor Muscles Strengthening Physiomentor Archived from the original on 2022 10 15 Retrieved 2022 10 16 Hagen S Stark D 2011 Conservative prevention and management of pelvic organ prolapse in women Cochrane Database Syst Rev 12 12 CD003882 doi 10 1002 14651858 CD003882 pub4 PMID 22161382 Herderschee R Hay Smith EJ Herbison GP Roovers JP Heineman MJ 6 July 2011 Feedback or biofeedback to augment pelvic floor muscle training for urinary incontinence in women The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 7 CD009252 doi 10 1002 14651858 CD009252 PMID 21735442 a b c Puppo Vincenzo Puppo Giulia January 2016 Comprehensive review of the anatomy and physiology of male ejaculation Premature ejaculation is not a disease Anatomy and Physiology of Ejaculation Clinical Anatomy 29 1 111 119 doi 10 1002 ca 22655 PMID 26457680 S2CID 9213013 a b c Woodley SJ Lawrenson P Boyle R Cody JD Morkved S Kernohan A Hay Smith EJC 6 May 2020 Pelvic floor muscle training for preventing and treating urinary and faecal incontinence in antenatal and postnatal women The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 5 3 CD007471 doi 10 1002 14651858 CD007471 pub4 PMC 7203602 PMID 32378735 Goldstein Sam Naglieri Jack A eds 2011 Encyclopedia of child behavior and development New York Springer ISBN 9780387790619 OCLC 704395400 Puppo V Abdulcadir J Mannucci A Catania L Abdulcadir D April 2008 T09 P 13 The importance of the Kegel exercises for the erection of the male and female erectile organs male and female penis Sexologies 17 S136 doi 10 1016 s1158 1360 08 72894 9 ISSN 1158 1360 Dumoulin Chantale Cacciari Licia P Hay Smith E Jean C 2018 10 04 Pelvic floor muscle training versus no treatment or inactive control treatments for urinary incontinence in women The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2018 10 CD005654 doi 10 1002 14651858 CD005654 pub4 ISSN 1469 493X PMC 6516955 PMID 30288727 Herderschee R Hay Smith EJ Herbison GP Roovers JP Heineman MJ 6 July 2011 Feedback or biofeedback to augment pelvic floor muscle training for urinary incontinence in women The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 7 CD009252 doi 10 1002 14651858 CD009252 PMID 21735442 Anderson Coral A Omar Muhammad Imran Campbell Susan E Hunter Kathleen F Cody June D Glazener Cathryn M A 2015 01 20 Conservative management for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 1 1 CD001843 doi 10 1002 14651858 CD001843 pub5 hdl 2164 6141 ISSN 1469 493X PMC 7025637 PMID 25602133 Herbison GP Dean N 8 July 2013 Weighted vaginal cones for urinary incontinence The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2013 7 CD002114 doi 10 1002 14651858 CD002114 pub2 PMC 7086390 PMID 23836411 Tuteur Amy 18 December 2008 Vaginal weight lifting The Skeptical OB No Gwyneth Paltrow women should not put jade eggs in their vaginas gynecologist says Washington Post Retrieved 6 February 2017 External links Edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kegel exercise Mayo Clinic Kegel Exercises for Men Kegel Exercises Treating Male Urinary Incontinence Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Kegel exercise amp oldid 1172989007, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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