Kawthoolei (S'gaw Karen: ကီၢ်သူလ့ၤ, lit.'land without darkness';[1]Burmese: ကော့သူးလေ) is the endonym for a proposed state that the Karen have sought to establish in Myanmar since the beginning of the Karen conflict in the late 1940s.[2]
The flag of the Karen National Union is often used to represent the Karen people as a whole.
Kawthoolei roughly approximates to present-day Kayin State, although parts of Mon State, Tanintharyi Region, Bago Region, and the Irrawaddy River Delta with Karen populations have sometimes also been controlled and claimed by groups such as the Karen National Union.[3] The name "Kawthoolei" was created by nationalist leader Saw Ba U Gyi in a 1949 declaration of independence of the region, prior to his death in battle.[4]
Kawthoolei has also been spelled "Kaw-thu-lay" or "Kawthoolie" with the last syllable replacing the "lay" with "lea".[citation needed] The name "Kaw-thu-lay" was used by the government of the Union of Burma in the drafting of its 1948 constitution, which made provisions for an autonomous region for the Karenni people.[5]
Prior to the adoption of Kawthoolei, there were a number of other names to denote what the Karen people would call a Karen state. In the early 1900s, the historical term used for a Karen land was Kaw Lah, meaning "green land";[4] it is unclear as to why the name Kawthoolei was adopted. Kawthoolei is not the only name used to refer to a Karen country: the Pwo Karen use the phrase "Kan Su Line", meaning literally, "land cool cave".[6] The flag was adopted in 1974.[7]
The precise meaning of Kawthoolei is disputed even by the Karen themselves.
^kawthoolei.org (March 13, 2014). . Archived from the original on January 10, 2014. Retrieved March 13, 2014.
^Garbagni, Giulia; Walton, Matthew J. (2020). "Imagining Kawthoolei: Strategies of petitioning for Karen statehood in Burma in the first half of the 20th century". Nations and Nationalism. 26 (3): 759–774. doi:10.1111/nana.12613. ISSN 1469-8129.
^Nyein, Nyein (October 10, 2017). "Central Govt Infringing Administration of KNU Regions, Say Leaders". The Irrawaddy. Retrieved May 9, 2020.
^ abKeenan, Paul (2008). Saw Ba U Gyi. United Kingdom: Karen History and Culture Preservation Society. pp. Page 3.
^Leckie, Scott (2010). Housing, Land and Property Rights in Burma: The Current Legal Framework. Displacement Solutions. pp. 1096, 1135, 1136. ISBN978-2839905787.
^Languages of Security in the Asia-Pacific (March 13, 2014). "Karen – Kawthoolei".
^Crampton, William (1989). The Complete Guide to Flags (p.132). Kingfisher Books. ISBN0 86272 466 X
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kawthoolei, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, april, 2014, le. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Kawthoolei news newspapers books scholar JSTOR April 2014 Learn how and when to remove this template message Kawthoolei S gaw Karen က သ လ lit land without darkness 1 Burmese က သ လ is the endonym for a proposed state that the Karen have sought to establish in Myanmar since the beginning of the Karen conflict in the late 1940s 2 The flag of the Karen National Union is often used to represent the Karen people as a whole Kawthoolei roughly approximates to present day Kayin State although parts of Mon State Tanintharyi Region Bago Region and the Irrawaddy River Delta with Karen populations have sometimes also been controlled and claimed by groups such as the Karen National Union 3 The name Kawthoolei was created by nationalist leader Saw Ba U Gyi in a 1949 declaration of independence of the region prior to his death in battle 4 Kawthoolei has also been spelled Kaw thu lay or Kawthoolie with the last syllable replacing the lay with lea citation needed The name Kaw thu lay was used by the government of the Union of Burma in the drafting of its 1948 constitution which made provisions for an autonomous region for the Karenni people 5 Prior to the adoption of Kawthoolei there were a number of other names to denote what the Karen people would call a Karen state In the early 1900s the historical term used for a Karen land was Kaw Lah meaning green land 4 it is unclear as to why the name Kawthoolei was adopted Kawthoolei is not the only name used to refer to a Karen country the Pwo Karen use the phrase Kan Su Line meaning literally land cool cave 6 The flag was adopted in 1974 7 The precise meaning of Kawthoolei is disputed even by the Karen themselves See also EditKarenni peopleReferences Edit kawthoolei org March 13 2014 About Kawthoolei Archived from the original on January 10 2014 Retrieved March 13 2014 Garbagni Giulia Walton Matthew J 2020 Imagining Kawthoolei Strategies of petitioning for Karen statehood in Burma in the first half of the 20th century Nations and Nationalism 26 3 759 774 doi 10 1111 nana 12613 ISSN 1469 8129 Nyein Nyein October 10 2017 Central Govt Infringing Administration of KNU Regions Say Leaders The Irrawaddy Retrieved May 9 2020 a b Keenan Paul 2008 Saw Ba U Gyi United Kingdom Karen History and Culture Preservation Society pp Page 3 Leckie Scott 2010 Housing Land and Property Rights in Burma The Current Legal Framework Displacement Solutions pp 1096 1135 1136 ISBN 978 2839905787 Languages of Security in the Asia Pacific March 13 2014 Karen Kawthoolei Crampton William 1989 The Complete Guide to Flags p 132 Kingfisher Books ISBN 0 86272 466 X This Myanmar location article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Kawthoolei amp oldid 1138450062, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
