The type site at Karuo was discovered in 1977 at Chamdo County, Chamdo Prefecture, Tibet and excavated from 1978 to 1979. Located at about 3,100 m (10,171 ft) above sea level,[2] the site covered an area of 10,000 m2. Over 7,000 artifacts have been discovered at Karuo, including 1,060 stone artifacts, 1,284 pottery shards and 4,755 bone objects. It is one of only a few archaeological sites on the Tibetan Plateau dating back so far, and it is in good enough condition for the foundations of houses to still be found, along with roads, walls, and stone altars in addition to the individual artifacts.[3]
Appearance-wise, the pottery at Karuo shows many similarities with pottery found at Majiayao sites, primarily the later phases, Machang and Banshan; however, the Karuo pottery was made using different methods and appears to be merely imitative.[4] The tool assemblage at Karuo also shows similarities with those found at sites in western Sichuan.[4]
The remains of 34 houses were found at the site. During the earlier stages, the houses at Karuo were round and semi-subterranean. During the later stages, the houses at Karuo were rectangular and subterranean. The later houses were more solidly built and represents a shift to more permanent habitation at Karuo.[4]
Karuo is the site of the oldest permanent settlement in Tibet[2] and represents the earliest evidence for agriculture on the Tibetan Plateau.[4] Agriculturally, the people at Karuo relied primarily on foxtail millet, while some evidence for broomcorn millet was also discovered. The oldest evidence for foxtail millet at Karuo dates to around 3000 BC.[2] The people of Karuo also supplemented their diet with hunting.[4]
The residents of Karuo suddenly abandoned the settlement around 1750 BC.[4] This is likely due to a change in climate, as Karuo likely required optimal conditions (higher temperatures) for foxtail millet to be grown successfully; Karuo coincided with a period of warmer temperatures in the region, and a return to cooler temperatures likely made foxtail millet cultivation at the site untenable. Broomcorn millet requires even higher temperatures for cultivation, so the broomcorn millet found at Karuo must have been obtained from trade with lower elevation sites.[4]
Allan, Sarah, ed. (2005). The Formation of Chinese Civilization: An Archaeological Perspective. ISBN0-300-09382-9.
Gruschke, Andreas (2004): The Karo culture in: The Cultural Monuments of Tibet’s Outer Provinces: Kham - vol. 1. The TAR part of Kham, White Lotus Press, Bangkok 2004, S. 166-170. ISBN974-480-049-6
Guedes, Jade d’Alpoim (2015). "Rethinking the spread of agriculture to the Tibetan Plateau". The Holocene. doi:10.1177/0959683615585835.
Sagart, Laurent, Roger Blench and Alicia Sanchez-Mazas (eds., 2005), The Peopling of East AsiaISBN0-415-32242-1
Qiu, Jane (2015). "Who are the Tibetans?". Science. 347 (6223). doi:10.1126/science.347.6223.708.
7,000 articles discovered at Tibetan cultural site. Asia Africa Intelligence Wire (June 1, 2004)
karuo, culture, 3300, 2000, neolithic, culture, tibet, culture, cultivated, foxtail, millet, geographical, rangeeastern, tibetan, plateauperiodbronze, agedatesc, 3300, 2000, bctype, sitekaruo, contents, karuo, type, site, references, citations, sourceskaruo, t. The Karuo culture 3300 to 2000 BC 1 was a Neolithic culture in Tibet The culture cultivated foxtail millet Karuo cultureGeographical rangeEastern Tibetan PlateauPeriodBronze AgeDatesc 3300 BC 2000 BCType siteKaruo Contents 1 Karuo type site 2 References 2 1 Citations 2 2 SourcesKaruo type site editThe type site at Karuo was discovered in 1977 at Chamdo County Chamdo Prefecture Tibet and excavated from 1978 to 1979 Located at about 3 100 m 10 171 ft above sea level 2 the site covered an area of 10 000 m2 Over 7 000 artifacts have been discovered at Karuo including 1 060 stone artifacts 1 284 pottery shards and 4 755 bone objects It is one of only a few archaeological sites on the Tibetan Plateau dating back so far and it is in good enough condition for the foundations of houses to still be found along with roads walls and stone altars in addition to the individual artifacts 3 Appearance wise the pottery at Karuo shows many similarities with pottery found at Majiayao sites primarily the later phases Machang and Banshan however the Karuo pottery was made using different methods and appears to be merely imitative 4 The tool assemblage at Karuo also shows similarities with those found at sites in western Sichuan 4 The remains of 34 houses were found at the site During the earlier stages the houses at Karuo were round and semi subterranean During the later stages the houses at Karuo were rectangular and subterranean The later houses were more solidly built and represents a shift to more permanent habitation at Karuo 4 Karuo is the site of the oldest permanent settlement in Tibet 2 and represents the earliest evidence for agriculture on the Tibetan Plateau 4 Agriculturally the people at Karuo relied primarily on foxtail millet while some evidence for broomcorn millet was also discovered The oldest evidence for foxtail millet at Karuo dates to around 3000 BC 2 The people of Karuo also supplemented their diet with hunting 4 The residents of Karuo suddenly abandoned the settlement around 1750 BC 4 This is likely due to a change in climate as Karuo likely required optimal conditions higher temperatures for foxtail millet to be grown successfully Karuo coincided with a period of warmer temperatures in the region and a return to cooler temperatures likely made foxtail millet cultivation at the site untenable Broomcorn millet requires even higher temperatures for cultivation so the broomcorn millet found at Karuo must have been obtained from trade with lower elevation sites 4 References editCitations edit Allan 2005 p 300 a b c Qiu 2015 Chinaculture org Archived 2009 01 08 at the Wayback Machine a b c d e f g Guedes 2015 Sources edit Allan Sarah ed 2005 The Formation of Chinese Civilization An Archaeological Perspective ISBN 0 300 09382 9 Gruschke Andreas 2004 The Karo culture in The Cultural Monuments of Tibet s Outer Provinces Kham vol 1 The TAR part of Kham White Lotus Press Bangkok 2004 S 166 170 ISBN 974 480 049 6 Guedes Jade d Alpoim 2015 Rethinking the spread of agriculture to the Tibetan Plateau The Holocene doi 10 1177 0959683615585835 Sagart Laurent Roger Blench and Alicia Sanchez Mazas eds 2005 The Peopling of East Asia ISBN 0 415 32242 1 Qiu Jane 2015 Who are the Tibetans Science 347 6223 doi 10 1126 science 347 6223 708 7 000 articles discovered at Tibetan cultural site Asia Africa Intelligence Wire June 1 2004 31 03 29 N 97 12 32 E 31 058 N 97 209 E 31 058 97 209 nbsp This Tibet related article is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Karuo culture amp oldid 1218860014, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
