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Karl-Marx-Allee (English: Karl Marx Avenue) is a monumental socialistboulevard built by the GDR between 1952 and 1960 in BerlinFriedrichshain and Mitte. Today the boulevard is named after Karl Marx. It should not be confused with the Karl-Marx-Straße in the Neukölln district of Berlin.
Aerial view of Karl-Marx-Allee with the twin towers of Frankfurter Tor visible in the back
The western part of the boulevard is marked by panel buildings (1967)
The boulevard was named Stalinallee between 1949 and 1961 (previously Große Frankfurter Straße), and was a flagship building project of East Germany's reconstruction programme after World War II. It was designed by the architects Hermann Henselmann, Hartmann, Hopp, Leucht, Paulick, and Souradny to contain spacious and luxurious apartments for workers, as well as shops, restaurants, cafés, a tourist hotel, and an enormous cinema, the Kino International.
The avenue, which is 89 metres (292 ft) wide and nearly 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) long, is lined with monumental eight-story buildings designed in the wedding-cake style, the socialist classicism of the Soviet Union. At each end are dual towers at Frankfurter Tor and Strausberger Platz designed by Hermann Henselmann. The buildings differ in the revetments of the facades which contain often equally, traditional Berlin motifs by Karl Friedrich Schinkel. Most of the buildings are covered by architectural ceramics.
By 1989 half the tiles on the outer facades of these buildings had fallen off,[1] necessitating sheltering structures over the sidewalks in some places to protect pedestrians.[citation needed]
A monumental Stalin statue presented to the East German government by a Komsomol delegation on the occasion of the Third World Festival of Youth and Students was formally dedicated on 3 August 1951 after being temporarily placed at a location on the newly designed and impressive boulevard. It remained there until 1961 when it was removed in a clandestine operation in the course of de-Stalinization.
On 17 June 1953 the Stalinallee became the focus of a worker uprising which endangered the young state's existence. Builders and construction workers demonstrated against the communist government, leading to a national uprising. The rebellion was quashed with Soviet tanks and troops, resulting in the loss of at least 125 lives.
Later the street was used for East Germany's annual May Day parade, featuring thousands of soldiers along with tanks and other military vehicles to showcase the power and the glory of the communist government.
De-Stalinization led to the renaming of the street, after the founder of Marxism, in late 1961. Since the collapse of Eastern European communism in 1989/1990, renaming the street back to its prewar name Große Frankfurter Straße has periodically been discussed, so far without conclusive results.
The boulevard later found favour with postmodernists, with Philip Johnson describing it as 'true city planning on the grand scale', while Aldo Rossi called it 'Europe's last great street.'[2] Since German reunification most of the buildings, including the two towers, have been restored.
After its completion in the 1950s, the boulevard was very popular with Berliners and visitors alike. People crowded into the stores. "Taking the E line to the shops on Stalin Boulevard" was not only a catchy slogan, it was also characteristic of everyday life in the East German capital. People could find things they would not see elsewhere, and the shopping facilities set an example for the whole of the GDR. The shops offered great variety and were attractively decorated. People could relax in cafés such as Sybylle or at the Kosmos [de] cinema, and in the evening they could take their guests to one of the representative restaurants with such sonorous names as Warschau (Warsaw), Bukarest (Bucharest) (notable for its 18% alcohol Romanian beer), or Budapest.[3]
The boulevard soon developed into a shoppers' paradise in the GDR. It also served the ideological function of introducing visitors to the culture of its "socialist sister states".[3] Shopping was a mixed experience for visitors from the West. Most stores would not accept payment for purchased items without a receipt from an East German bank showing that the West German Marks had been exchanged for East German Marks at a rate of 1:1. In the West, the exchange rate was 1:8 but most restaurants and bookstores were not concerned with these requirements so bargains were to be found.
"Stalin's bathroom"
In February 2009, an anonymous author edited the article "Karl-Marx-Allee" in the German-language edition of Wikipedia, claiming that during the time of the GDR the road had acquired the nickname "Stalin's bathroom" due to the buildings' tiled façades. Subsequently, several media outlets reiterated this claim.[4][5][6] No alternative verification for the term was given, making it a self-referential claim.
After a letter written to the Berliner Zeitung questioned whether the term "Stalin's bathroom" had actually been in common use during the GDR period,[7] Andreas Kopietz, a journalist at the newspaper, published an article admitting he had invented the phrase and identifying himself as the original anonymous Wikipedia editor, allowing the record to be set straight.[8]
^"Stalinallee: Palaces for the workers". Visit Berlin. Berlin Tourismus & Kongress GmbH. Retrieved 2 July 2022.
^Ladd, Brian (1998). The Ghosts of Berlin: Confronting German History in the Urban Landscape. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 187. ISBN978-0-226-46762-7.
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This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in German May 2021 Click show for important translation instructions View a machine translated version of the German article Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 9 648 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing German Wikipedia article at de Karl Marx Allee see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated de Karl Marx Allee to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Karl Marx Allee news newspapers books scholar JSTOR May 2021 Learn how and when to remove this template message Karl Marx Allee English Karl Marx Avenue is a monumental socialist boulevard built by the GDR between 1952 and 1960 in Berlin Friedrichshain and Mitte Today the boulevard is named after Karl Marx It should not be confused with the Karl Marx Strasse in the Neukolln district of Berlin Aerial view of Karl Marx Allee with the twin towers of Frankfurter Tor visible in the back The western part of the boulevard is marked by panel buildings 1967 The boulevard was named Stalinallee between 1949 and 1961 previously Grosse Frankfurter Strasse and was a flagship building project of East Germany s reconstruction programme after World War II It was designed by the architects Hermann Henselmann Hartmann Hopp Leucht Paulick and Souradny to contain spacious and luxurious apartments for workers as well as shops restaurants cafes a tourist hotel and an enormous cinema the Kino International The avenue which is 89 metres 292 ft wide and nearly 2 kilometres 1 2 mi long is lined with monumental eight story buildings designed in the wedding cake style the socialist classicism of the Soviet Union At each end are dual towers at Frankfurter Tor and Strausberger Platz designed by Hermann Henselmann The buildings differ in the revetments of the facades which contain often equally traditional Berlin motifs by Karl Friedrich Schinkel Most of the buildings are covered by architectural ceramics By 1989 half the tiles on the outer facades of these buildings had fallen off 1 necessitating sheltering structures over the sidewalks in some places to protect pedestrians citation needed A monumental Stalin statue presented to the East German government by a Komsomol delegation on the occasion of the Third World Festival of Youth and Students was formally dedicated on 3 August 1951 after being temporarily placed at a location on the newly designed and impressive boulevard It remained there until 1961 when it was removed in a clandestine operation in the course of de Stalinization On 17 June 1953 the Stalinallee became the focus of a worker uprising which endangered the young state s existence Builders and construction workers demonstrated against the communist government leading to a national uprising The rebellion was quashed with Soviet tanks and troops resulting in the loss of at least 125 lives Later the street was used for East Germany s annual May Day parade featuring thousands of soldiers along with tanks and other military vehicles to showcase the power and the glory of the communist government De Stalinization led to the renaming of the street after the founder of Marxism in late 1961 Since the collapse of Eastern European communism in 1989 1990 renaming the street back to its prewar name Grosse Frankfurter Strasse has periodically been discussed so far without conclusive results The boulevard later found favour with postmodernists with Philip Johnson describing it as true city planning on the grand scale while Aldo Rossi called it Europe s last great street 2 Since German reunification most of the buildings including the two towers have been restored Contents 1 Shopping 2 Stalin s bathroom 3 In popular media 4 Photographs 5 See also 6 References 7 External linksShopping EditAfter its completion in the 1950s the boulevard was very popular with Berliners and visitors alike People crowded into the stores Taking the E line to the shops on Stalin Boulevard was not only a catchy slogan it was also characteristic of everyday life in the East German capital People could find things they would not see elsewhere and the shopping facilities set an example for the whole of the GDR The shops offered great variety and were attractively decorated People could relax in cafes such as Sybylle or at the Kosmos de cinema and in the evening they could take their guests to one of the representative restaurants with such sonorous names as Warschau Warsaw Bukarest Bucharest notable for its 18 alcohol Romanian beer or Budapest 3 The boulevard soon developed into a shoppers paradise in the GDR It also served the ideological function of introducing visitors to the culture of its socialist sister states 3 Shopping was a mixed experience for visitors from the West Most stores would not accept payment for purchased items without a receipt from an East German bank showing that the West German Marks had been exchanged for East German Marks at a rate of 1 1 In the West the exchange rate was 1 8 but most restaurants and bookstores were not concerned with these requirements so bargains were to be found Stalin s bathroom EditIn February 2009 an anonymous author edited the article Karl Marx Allee in the German language edition of Wikipedia claiming that during the time of the GDR the road had acquired the nickname Stalin s bathroom due to the buildings tiled facades Subsequently several media outlets reiterated this claim 4 5 6 No alternative verification for the term was given making it a self referential claim After a letter written to the Berliner Zeitung questioned whether the term Stalin s bathroom had actually been in common use during the GDR period 7 Andreas Kopietz a journalist at the newspaper published an article admitting he had invented the phrase and identifying himself as the original anonymous Wikipedia editor allowing the record to be set straight 8 In popular media EditThe boulevard is referenced under its former name the Stalinallee in the satirical poem Die Losung by Bertolt Brecht about the East German uprising of 1953 Photographs Edit Domed Tower at Frankfurter Tor Facade of a Stalinist era apartment bloc Facade of a Stalinist era apartment bloc Facade detail Karl Marx Allee looking towards the Berlin TV Tower Strausberger Platz near the western end of the boulevard Karl Marx Allee with Frankfurter Tor and Television Tower Closeup of a Stalinist era building Stalinallee 1950 Stalinallee 1959 5 year Plan postage stamp series 1953 A family standing before a high rise near the Weberwiese subway station Berlin Stalinallee Trabants on Karl Marx Allee Aerial view over Karl Marx Allee 2019See also EditStalinist architecture Seven Sisters Moscow The Strasse der Pariser Kommune street of the Paris Commune connects with Karl Marx AlleeReferences Edit Stalinallee Palaces for the workers Visit Berlin Berlin Tourismus amp Kongress GmbH Retrieved 2 July 2022 Ladd Brian 1998 The Ghosts of Berlin Confronting German History in the Urban Landscape Chicago University of Chicago Press p 187 ISBN 978 0 226 46762 7 a b Karl Marx Allee Berlin information board Flickr Photo Sharing Flickr 2012 12 11 Retrieved 2014 02 04 Das langste Baudenkmal Europas The longest monument in Europe in Berliner Morgenpost 1 March 2011 Viel Platz wenige Kunden MOZ de Retrieved 2014 02 04 Nachrichten News in German BerlinOnline de 2011 02 25 Retrieved 2014 02 04 Nachrichten News in German BerlinOnline de 2011 03 01 Retrieved 2014 02 04 Nachrichten News in German BerlinOnline de 2011 03 24 Retrieved 2014 02 04 External links Edit Media related to Karl Marx Allee Berlin at Wikimedia Commons A photo tour of Karl Marx Allee Coordinates 52 31 04 N 13 26 07 E 52 51778 N 13 43528 E 52 51778 13 43528 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Karl Marx Allee amp oldid 1131989599, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
