The Karachay (Karach.-Balk.Къарачай ат) is developed in the Northern Caucasus. It comes from highland Karachay at the rise of the River Kuban. The Karachay horse is an offspring of the Kabardian breed, registered with number 9354442 (breeder № 1278)[1] in the official journal of The Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation (Moscow 2016).[2] They were developed by crossing regional horses with eastern stallions.[3] Karachay horses are summered in rugged mountain country where there are wide changes in temperature and humidity, and wintered in the foothill and plains with some hay feeding. These conditions make the Karachay horse strong-limbed and sturdy.[3]
The Karachay horse stands 14.3 to 15 hands high.[4] Karachay breeding has focused on creating a breed that is not only fast, but also hardy, obedient, low-maintenance, and able to withstand varied, even mountainous terrain all the year round. Their hooves are strong and hard and do not need shoeing if bred and worked properly. They have a long head, often with a Roman nose, as well as agile, alert ears and well-developed whiskers. Karachay horses have a medium length, well-muscled neck, relatively straight shoulders and low withers. The mane and tail are long and thick. The body is strong and straight-backed. The limbs are also strong with generally good joints and bones, and short, strong hocks; they occasionally have a tendency to be sickle-hocked, which is typical for mountain breeds. Karachay horses are black or black-brown and do not usually have any white marks. They grow to a withers height of about 160 cm.[5]
The Karachay horse is inherently good-natured. It is very responsive to the rein and is not prone to over-excitement. This makes it indispensable to the mountain tourism industry. The Karachay horse has been able to survive extinction mainly because of two things: its high fertility rate and its strong resistance to common horse illnesses. It is a hardy breed that requires minimal supervision.
Average measurements of Karachay horses (Stud farm № 168, 2001/2002).[6]
Karachay horse
Height
Chest girth
Bone below the knee
Stallions
157,8
189,8
20,3
Mares
152,5
187,8
19,1
History of the breed
Cavalier Koratchai. Grove, Florence Craufurd. Le Caucase. 1899. P. 32.
The Karachay is a riding horse that originated from the north-western regions of the Caucasus Mountains. It was first bred for military and agricultural use, by Karachays around the 14th-15th centuries in the climatic and geographical conditions of the North Caucasus.[7]
The Karachay horse was known to Europeans since at least the 18th century. The German researcher Peter Simon Pallas (1793) wrote: "They grow a small but hardy and hot breed of horses, known for their outstanding qualities".[8] Another researcher, S. Bronevsky (1823), wrote: "They have a small, but sturdy breed of mountain horses, known under the name of Karachay horses".[9] The Hungarian ethnographer, a member of the Georgi Emmanuel expedition to Mount Elbrus, Jean-Charles de Besse, also gave a high evaluation of the breed in 1829: "Karachays ranch fine breed of horses... They are easy on the go and I don't know any other horse breed that is better for riding on steep slopes and which is so inexhaustible".[10]
At the end of the 19th century there were local stud farms in Karachay where some herds included 500-1000 horses. At the beginning of the 20th century, Karachay played a significant role, supplying most of the Kuban Cossack army`s regiments with chargers. Every year Karachay sold about ten thousand horses.[11]
In the 1920s, during the period of re-establishment of horse breeding in the North Caucasus which took place after the destructive civil war, people worked with the Karachay horse according to plan. In line with this, the selective breeding of Karachay horses ensued. The Riding State Stud farm was created in 1927, and the State stud farm (Gosplemhoz) of Karachay horses was organised in 1929 and then reorganised in 1930 into Karachaevsky stud farm 168, which for some time bore Joseph Stalin`s name.[7]
In 1935 the first volume of the studbook was established for mountain breeds, registering 204 Karachay mares.[4] The Karachay horse is especially good in the mountains. In the winter of 1935-1936 a 3,000-kilometer ride was held in the Caucasus. The duration and route of the ride were extremely difficult. Among the participants were 10 Karachay horses and horses of other breeds. The ride lasted 47 days, travelling on average 64 km per day. In one month the same horses finished a race from Piatigorsk to Rostov, a distance of 600 km in five days over very muddy roads and trails.[12]
In 1998 a group of Karachay-Cherkessia horsemen with three Karachay horses ascended the eastern summit of Mount Elbrus, the highest mountain in Europe - an unprecedented act. In 1999 horsemen with Karachay horses ascended the western summit of the same mountain.[7] This shows how strong and well adapted the Karachay horse is for climbing mountains. Special credit goes to an expert on horse breeding, Klych Geriy Urusov, who was the mastermind behind this equestrian conquest of Elbrus.[14] At the present time the Karachay horse is bred at Karachaevsky (Malokarachaevski) stud farm 168 and other stud farms. In 2008, there were about 20,000 Karachay horses in Karachay-Cherkessia.[15]
Uses
The Karachay horse was a charger and a draft horse, first for the Karachays, and then for the Cossack military forces of The Russian Empire; the cavalry of the USSR were also supplied with Karachay horses.[16] Modern Karachay horses and Anglo-Karachay horses can be found in different areas, that is, horse shows, competitions, mountain races, showjumping, tourism and agriculture. Many horses were exported outside Karachay. The Karachay breed was also used for developing[17] the Tersk horse.
^. Archived from the original on 2016-03-13.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
^"Государственный реестр селекционных достижений, допущенных к использованию (ПОРОДЫ ЖИВОТНЫХ) (по состоянию на 08.04.2016 г.). The National Registry Of Approved Selective Breeding Results" (PDF).
^ abКамбегов Б. Д. (1988). Коневодство и коннозаводство России. Москва: Росагропромиздат. p. 89.
^ ab"Dent, Bonnie L. Hendricks; foreword by Anthony A. (2007). International encyclopedia of horse breeds. p. 249". {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |url= (help)
^"Welcome to the website of the largest Karachai horse breeding farm in Europe". Retrieved 2016-11-11.
^"К вопросу о современном состоянии карачаевской породы лошадей". Retrieved 2017-01-14.
^Петер-Симон Паллас. "Заметки о путешествии в южные наместничества Российского государства в 1793-1794 годах".
^Броневский С. М. (1823). Новейшие географические и исторические известия о Кавказе: Часть II. Москва: Тип. С. Селивановского. p. 220.
^Хотко С. Х. (2011). Карачай — страна на вершине Кавказа. Очерки истории и культуры Карачая(PDF). Майкоп: «Полиграф-Юг». p. 93.
^Невская В. П. (1964). Карачай в пореформенный период(PDF). Ставрополь: Ставропольское книжное издательство. pp. 85–86.
^Г. П. Балабанов. Кабардинская лошадь // Конские ресурсы СССР. — 1939. — р. 228-229.
^Ковтун П. А., Мишин Г. М. (1940). Государственный племенной рассадник карачаевской лошади(PDF). Микоян-Шахар: Кароблнациздат. p. 7.
^. Archived from the original on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2017-01-15.
^Джатдоев Х. М., Шамбо Н. Д. "Карачаевская лошадь: спорт, генетика и государственный подход".
^Б. П. Войтяцкий. Карачаевская лошадь // Конские ресурсы СССР. — 1939. — р. 245.
^Елена ДМИТРИЕВА. "Ставропольский конный завод". Конный мир №5 за 2001 г.
Studbooks
В. Х. Хотов, В. А. Парфенов. Государственная племенная книга лошадей кабардинской и карачаевской породы. Т. V. — Москва: Изд. МСХА, 1993. — 432 с. — ISBN5-7230-0215-5.
В. А. Парфенов, В. Х. Хотов. Государственная племенная книга лошадей карачаевской породы. Т. VI. — Москва: Изд. РГАУ-МСХА, 2010. — 287 с. — ISBN978-5-9675-0435-8.
Sources
Dent, Bonnie L. Hendricks; foreword by Anthony A. (2007). International encyclopedia of horse breeds (Pbk. ed.). Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN9780806138848.
External links
«Сайт Российской Ассоциации коннозаводчиков и любителей карачаевской породы лошадей».
«KarachaiHorse».
January 31, 2023
karachay, horse, karachay, karach, balk, Къарачай, ат, developed, northern, caucasus, comes, from, highland, karachay, rise, river, kuban, offspring, kabardian, breed, registered, with, number, 9354442, breeder, 1278, official, journal, ministry, agriculture, . The Karachay Karach Balk Karachaj at is developed in the Northern Caucasus It comes from highland Karachay at the rise of the River Kuban The Karachay horse is an offspring of the Kabardian breed registered with number 9354442 breeder 1278 1 in the official journal of The Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation Moscow 2016 2 They were developed by crossing regional horses with eastern stallions 3 Karachay horses are summered in rugged mountain country where there are wide changes in temperature and humidity and wintered in the foothill and plains with some hay feeding These conditions make the Karachay horse strong limbed and sturdy 3 KarachayKarachay stallionOther namesKarachayCountry of originKarachay modern region of Russia Equus ferus caballus Contents 1 Breed characteristics 2 History of the breed 3 Uses 4 See also 5 References 6 Studbooks 7 Sources 8 External linksBreed characteristics Edit The Karachay horse stands 14 3 to 15 hands high 4 Karachay breeding has focused on creating a breed that is not only fast but also hardy obedient low maintenance and able to withstand varied even mountainous terrain all the year round Their hooves are strong and hard and do not need shoeing if bred and worked properly They have a long head often with a Roman nose as well as agile alert ears and well developed whiskers Karachay horses have a medium length well muscled neck relatively straight shoulders and low withers The mane and tail are long and thick The body is strong and straight backed The limbs are also strong with generally good joints and bones and short strong hocks they occasionally have a tendency to be sickle hocked which is typical for mountain breeds Karachay horses are black or black brown and do not usually have any white marks They grow to a withers height of about 160 cm 5 The Karachay horse is inherently good natured It is very responsive to the rein and is not prone to over excitement This makes it indispensable to the mountain tourism industry The Karachay horse has been able to survive extinction mainly because of two things its high fertility rate and its strong resistance to common horse illnesses It is a hardy breed that requires minimal supervision Average measurements of Karachay horses Stud farm 168 2001 2002 6 Karachay horse Height Chest girth Bone below the kneeStallions 157 8 189 8 20 3Mares 152 5 187 8 19 1History of the breed Edit Cavalier Koratchai Grove Florence Craufurd Le Caucase 1899 P 32 The Karachay is a riding horse that originated from the north western regions of the Caucasus Mountains It was first bred for military and agricultural use by Karachays around the 14th 15th centuries in the climatic and geographical conditions of the North Caucasus 7 The Karachay horse was known to Europeans since at least the 18th century The German researcher Peter Simon Pallas 1793 wrote They grow a small but hardy and hot breed of horses known for their outstanding qualities 8 Another researcher S Bronevsky 1823 wrote They have a small but sturdy breed of mountain horses known under the name of Karachay horses 9 The Hungarian ethnographer a member of the Georgi Emmanuel expedition to Mount Elbrus Jean Charles de Besse also gave a high evaluation of the breed in 1829 Karachays ranch fine breed of horses They are easy on the go and I don t know any other horse breed that is better for riding on steep slopes and which is so inexhaustible 10 At the end of the 19th century there were local stud farms in Karachay where some herds included 500 1000 horses At the beginning of the 20th century Karachay played a significant role supplying most of the Kuban Cossack army s regiments with chargers Every year Karachay sold about ten thousand horses 11 In the 1920s during the period of re establishment of horse breeding in the North Caucasus which took place after the destructive civil war people worked with the Karachay horse according to plan In line with this the selective breeding of Karachay horses ensued The Riding State Stud farm was created in 1927 and the State stud farm Gosplemhoz of Karachay horses was organised in 1929 and then reorganised in 1930 into Karachaevsky stud farm 168 which for some time bore Joseph Stalin s name 7 In 1935 the first volume of the studbook was established for mountain breeds registering 204 Karachay mares 4 The Karachay horse is especially good in the mountains In the winter of 1935 1936 a 3 000 kilometer ride was held in the Caucasus The duration and route of the ride were extremely difficult Among the participants were 10 Karachay horses and horses of other breeds The ride lasted 47 days travelling on average 64 km per day In one month the same horses finished a race from Piatigorsk to Rostov a distance of 600 km in five days over very muddy roads and trails 12 In 1937 a State breeding centre was created in the Karachay Autonomous Oblast 13 In 1998 a group of Karachay Cherkessia horsemen with three Karachay horses ascended the eastern summit of Mount Elbrus the highest mountain in Europe an unprecedented act In 1999 horsemen with Karachay horses ascended the western summit of the same mountain 7 This shows how strong and well adapted the Karachay horse is for climbing mountains Special credit goes to an expert on horse breeding Klych Geriy Urusov who was the mastermind behind this equestrian conquest of Elbrus 14 At the present time the Karachay horse is bred at Karachaevsky Malokarachaevski stud farm 168 and other stud farms In 2008 there were about 20 000 Karachay horses in Karachay Cherkessia 15 Uses EditThe Karachay horse was a charger and a draft horse first for the Karachays and then for the Cossack military forces of The Russian Empire the cavalry of the USSR were also supplied with Karachay horses 16 Modern Karachay horses and Anglo Karachay horses can be found in different areas that is horse shows competitions mountain races showjumping tourism and agriculture Many horses were exported outside Karachay The Karachay breed was also used for developing 17 the Tersk horse See also EditKabarda horse Karabakh horse Karabair Karacabey horseReferences Edit GOSUDARSTVENNYJ REESTR SELEKCIONNYH DOSTIZhENIJ DOPUShENNYH K ISPOLZOVANIYu Porody zhivotnyh The National Registry Of Approved Selective Breeding Results Archived from the original on 2016 03 13 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint bot original URL status unknown link Gosudarstvennyj reestr selekcionnyh dostizhenij dopushennyh k ispolzovaniyu PORODY ZhIVOTNYH po sostoyaniyu na 08 04 2016 g The National Registry Of Approved Selective Breeding Results PDF a b Kambegov B D 1988 Konevodstvo i konnozavodstvo Rossii Moskva Rosagropromizdat p 89 a b Dent Bonnie L Hendricks foreword by Anthony A 2007 International encyclopedia of horse breeds p 249 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a Missing or empty url help Welcome to the website of the largest Karachai horse breeding farm in Europe Retrieved 2016 11 11 K voprosu o sovremennom sostoyanii karachaevskoj porody loshadej Retrieved 2017 01 14 a b c Karachaevskie loshadi www goldmustang ru Retrieved 2016 11 11 Peter Simon Pallas Zametki o puteshestvii v yuzhnye namestnichestva Rossijskogo gosudarstva v 1793 1794 godah Bronevskij S M 1823 Novejshie geograficheskie i istoricheskie izvestiya o Kavkaze Chast II Moskva Tip S Selivanovskogo p 220 Hotko S H 2011 Karachaj strana na vershine Kavkaza Ocherki istorii i kultury Karachaya PDF Majkop Poligraf Yug p 93 Nevskaya V P 1964 Karachaj v poreformennyj period PDF Stavropol Stavropolskoe knizhnoe izdatelstvo pp 85 86 G P Balabanov Kabardinskaya loshad Konskie resursy SSSR 1939 r 228 229 Kovtun P A Mishin G M 1940 Gosudarstvennyj plemennoj rassadnik karachaevskoj loshadi PDF Mikoyan Shahar Karoblnacizdat p 7 O pervom v istorii voshozhdenii na Elbrus na loshadyah karachaevskoj porody Archived from the original on 2016 03 05 Retrieved 2017 01 15 Dzhatdoev H M Shambo N D Karachaevskaya loshad sport genetika i gosudarstvennyj podhod B P Vojtyackij Karachaevskaya loshad Konskie resursy SSSR 1939 r 245 Elena DMITRIEVA Stavropolskij konnyj zavod Konnyj mir 5 za 2001 g Studbooks EditV H Hotov V A Parfenov Gosudarstvennaya plemennaya kniga loshadej kabardinskoj i karachaevskoj porody T V Moskva Izd MSHA 1993 432 s ISBN 5 7230 0215 5 V A Parfenov V H Hotov Gosudarstvennaya plemennaya kniga loshadej karachaevskoj porody T VI Moskva Izd RGAU MSHA 2010 287 s ISBN 978 5 9675 0435 8 Sources EditDent Bonnie L Hendricks foreword by Anthony A 2007 International encyclopedia of horse breeds Pbk ed Norman University of Oklahoma Press ISBN 9780806138848 External links Edit Sajt Rossijskoj Associacii konnozavodchikov i lyubitelej karachaevskoj porody loshadej KarachaiHorse Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Karachay horse amp oldid 1068344237, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
