Kapu Kuʻialua; Kuʻialua; or Lua; is an ancient Hawaiianmartial art based on bone breaking, joint locks, throws, pressure point manipulation, strikes, usage of various weapons, battlefield strategy, open ocean warfare as well as the usage of introduced firearms from the Europeans.[2]
A caste system and various martial arts were introduced to the Hawaiian Islands by Tahitian colonists, who arrived in the 1300s. The Koa warrior group are credited by Black Belt magazine as the creators of the martial art of Kuʻialua.[3]
The name "Kuʻialua" literally means "two hits". That name was subsequently given to the god of this martial art. Only those associated with the aliʻi (nobility), such as professional warriors, guardsmen, and members of the royal families, were generally taught Kuʻialua. During times of warfare, the makaʻāinana (commoners) were also instructed in the basic movements and functions of the martial art.[citation needed] The old warriors of this art would coat themselves with a thin layer of coconut oil and remove all of their body hair in order to be able to slip away and avoid being grappled in battle. The word for Lua masters, ʻōlohe, literally means "hairless".[citation needed]
The Koa helped Kamehameha the Great unify the islands in 1810. Lua was only to be practiced by the king’s honor guards, and others were forbidden to learn it.[3] The word "kapu," meaning "forbidden", is a part of the old name.[3][1]
Modern times
While living on Oʻahu, Kamehameha II established three Lua schools (called pā kuʻialua) to help prevent extinction of this art. One school was instructed by Hāhākea, another by Nāmakaimi, and another by Nāpuaʻuki and his assistants. Nāpuaʻuki's school, probably the most prominent one, taught 24 boys, including Kekūanāoʻa and John Papa ʻĪʻī of Kamehameha's court.[citation needed]
Some of the techniques used in Lua were incorporated into danzan-ryū jujutsu, which was developed in Hilo by Henry Okazaki in the 1920s.[3]
Introducing the sport to America in 1963,[3] [[Õlohe Solomon Kaihewalu[1]]] brought the sport public in the 1960s, a controversial act, as previously, the martial art had not been taught to outsiders.[4][5][6] Direct disciple of Olohe Solomon Kaihewalu are: Kumu Lua Carlos Deleon,[7] Kumu Lua Mike Wittle, Kumu Lua Michelle Manu, Kumu Lua Hans Ingebretsen, Kumu Lua James Muro, Kumu Lua Isidro Trujillo, Kumu Lua Tim McGuire, Kumu Lua Ron Burns, Kumu Lua Greg Shaner.[1]
The Lua martial art style is based on bone breaking, joint locks, throws, pressure point manipulation, strikes, usage of various weapons, battlefield strategy, open ocean warfare as well as the usage of firearms.[2]
Kumu Lua is the title of a teacher of Hawaiian Lua martial arts. “Kumu Lua” means teacher (Kumu) Lua (martial art style). Kumu Lua is similar to Sensei for a teacher of Japanese martial arts, Guru for a teacher of Filipino martial arts, or Sifu for a teacher of Chinese martial arts. For the Hawaiian Lua Martial Arts in the Kaihewalu lineage, the title of Kumu Lua was granted to the disciples of Olohe Solomon Kaihewalu, founder of the Kaihewalu Lua Halau O Kaihewalu.[8]
The modern form of Lua has been adjusted to suit modern times; however, the traditional spirit of the art remains intact. Weapons used by natives of the Hawaiian Islands may have been focused primarily on the artform at one time, as it is said the fighter who loses his weapons should then resort to the hand-to-hand stylings of Kuʻialua.
Training methods
Training methods include spear catching, training in the surf, and focus of "mana" or life force. This energy is described much like chi or ki in Chinese or Japanese martial arts. Exercises are used to focus this energy much like the exercise of chi kung.[9]
^ abJames T. Fitzpatrick (2011-03-21). "Discover Lua, Hawaii's Martial Art". Black Belt magazine. from the original on January 1, 2015. Retrieved 2011-04-08.
^ abcdeJames T. Fitzpatrick (March 21, 2011). . blackbeltmag.com. Archived from the original on January 29, 2018. Retrieved 2017-02-14.
^James T. Fitzpatrick (March 21, 2011). "Discover Lua, Hawaii's Martial Art". Black Belt Magazine. blackbeltmag.com. from the original on August 10, 2016. Retrieved 2017-02-15.
^Frank, B. (2013). WHFSC Grandmaster's Council: a compendium of the world's leading Grandmasters. LULU Press. p. 301. ISBN9781300575672. Retrieved 2017-02-14.
^Black Belt. Active Interest Media, Inc. September 1976. p. 36. ISSN 0277-3066. Retrieved 2017-02-14.
^ ab"MOO Dragon Halau O Deleon". www.kumulua.com. Retrieved 2021-05-24.
^"Hawaii Five-0 (2010) -- Season 3 Episode Reviews - including Oddities, Goofs and Trivia". www.fiveohomepage.com. Retrieved 2020-01-27.
Further reading
Green, Thomas A., ed. (2001). Martial Arts of the World: An Encyclopedia. Vol. 1. ISBN1-57607-150-2.
Paglinawan, Richard; Moses Kalauokalani; Jerry Walker; Mitchell Eli (2006). Lua: Art of the Hawaiian Warrior. Bishop Museum Press. ISBN1-58178-028-1.
January 07, 2023
kapu, kuialua, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, scholar, jstor, 2009, learn,. This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Kapu Kuialua news newspapers books scholar JSTOR May 2009 Learn how and when to remove this template message Kapu Kuʻialua Kuʻialua or Lua is an ancient Hawaiian martial art based on bone breaking joint locks throws pressure point manipulation strikes usage of various weapons battlefield strategy open ocean warfare as well as the usage of introduced firearms from the Europeans 2 Kapu Kuialua 1 Also known asKapu Kuʻialua KuʻialuaFocusJoint manipulationCountry of originKingdom Of Hawai iOlympic sportNo Contents 1 History 1 1 Origin and ancient use 1 2 Modern times 2 Style specifics 2 1 Training methods 2 2 Weapons 3 Modern references 4 See also 5 References 6 Further readingHistory EditOrigin and ancient use Edit A caste system and various martial arts were introduced to the Hawaiian Islands by Tahitian colonists who arrived in the 1300s The Koa warrior group are credited by Black Belt magazine as the creators of the martial art of Kuʻialua 3 The name Kuʻialua literally means two hits That name was subsequently given to the god of this martial art Only those associated with the aliʻi nobility such as professional warriors guardsmen and members of the royal families were generally taught Kuʻialua During times of warfare the makaʻainana commoners were also instructed in the basic movements and functions of the martial art citation needed The old warriors of this art would coat themselves with a thin layer of coconut oil and remove all of their body hair in order to be able to slip away and avoid being grappled in battle The word for Lua masters ʻōlohe literally means hairless citation needed The Koa helped Kamehameha the Great unify the islands in 1810 Lua was only to be practiced by the king s honor guards and others were forbidden to learn it 3 The word kapu meaning forbidden is a part of the old name 3 1 Modern times Edit While living on Oʻahu Kamehameha II established three Lua schools calledpa kuʻialua to help prevent extinction of this art One school was instructed by Hahakea another by Namakaimi and another by Napuaʻuki and his assistants Napuaʻuki s school probably the most prominent one taught 24 boys including Kekuanaoʻa and John Papa ʻiʻi of Kamehameha s court citation needed Some of the techniques used in Lua were incorporated into danzan ryu jujutsu which was developed in Hilo by Henry Okazaki in the 1920s 3 Introducing the sport to America in 1963 3 Olohe Solomon Kaihewalu 1 brought the sport public in the 1960s a controversial act as previously the martial art had not been taught to outsiders 4 5 6 Direct disciple of Olohe Solomon Kaihewalu are Kumu Lua Carlos Deleon 7 Kumu Lua Mike Wittle Kumu Lua Michelle Manu Kumu Lua Hans Ingebretsen Kumu Lua James Muro Kumu Lua Isidro Trujillo Kumu Lua Tim McGuire Kumu Lua Ron Burns Kumu Lua Greg Shaner 1 Style specifics Edit Hawaiian wrestling matches during Makahiki The Lua martial art style is based on bone breaking joint locks throws pressure point manipulation strikes usage of various weapons battlefield strategy open ocean warfare as well as the usage of firearms 2 Kumu Lua is the title of a teacher of Hawaiian Lua martial arts Kumu Lua means teacher Kumu Lua martial art style Kumu Lua is similar to Sensei for a teacher of Japanese martial arts Guru for a teacher of Filipino martial arts or Sifu for a teacher of Chinese martial arts For the Hawaiian Lua Martial Arts in the Kaihewalu lineage the title of Kumu Lua was granted to the disciples of Olohe Solomon Kaihewalu founder of the Kaihewalu Lua Halau O Kaihewalu 8 The modern form of Lua has been adjusted to suit modern times however the traditional spirit of the art remains intact Weapons used by natives of the Hawaiian Islands may have been focused primarily on the artform at one time as it is said the fighter who loses his weapons should then resort to the hand to hand stylings of Kuʻialua Training methods Edit Training methods include spear catching training in the surf and focus of mana or life force This energy is described much like chi or ki in Chinese or Japanese martial arts Exercises are used to focus this energy much like the exercise of chi kung 9 Weapons Edit Hoe Canoe paddle Hoe Leiomano Paddle shark tooth weapon Ihe Short spear with barbed edges or straight point up to 9 ft or 2 7 m staff Kaʻane Cuerda strangling cord Koʻokoʻo Staffs long and short Koʻokoʻo Loa 6 ft or 1 8 m staff Koʻokoʻo Pōkole 4 ft or 1 2 m staff Kuʻekuʻe Lima Leiomanō Knuckle duster weapon Leiomanō Shark tooth weapon Maʻa Sling Maka Pahoa Double edge eye dagger Newa Short small club Pahi Knife Pahoa Single edge dagger Pahoa Koʻokoʻo Cane double edge dagger 10 Modern references EditLua was featured in Kekoa The Warrior episode 16 of the third season of the Hawaii Five O reboot 11 7 See also Edit Hawaii portalList of martial arts Culture of the Native Hawaiians MoraingyReferences Edit a b c d Home olohe global Retrieved 2021 05 24 a b James T Fitzpatrick 2011 03 21 Discover Lua Hawaii s Martial Art Black Belt magazine Archived from the original on January 1 2015 Retrieved 2011 04 08 a b c d e James T Fitzpatrick March 21 2011 Kapu Kuialua Techniques Lua Hawaiian Martial Arts Training Self Defense Styles Black Belt blackbeltmag com Archived from the original on January 29 2018 Retrieved 2017 02 14 James T Fitzpatrick March 21 2011 Discover Lua Hawaii s Martial Art Black Belt Magazine blackbeltmag com Archived from the original on August 10 2016 Retrieved 2017 02 15 Frank B 2013 WHFSC Grandmaster s Council a compendium of the world s leading Grandmasters LULU Press p 301 ISBN 9781300575672 Retrieved 2017 02 14 Black Belt Active Interest Media Inc September 1976 p 36 ISSN 0277 3066 Retrieved 2017 02 14 a b MOO Dragon Halau O Deleon www kumulua com Retrieved 2021 05 24 Home olohe global Retrieved 2021 05 25 Islands of Blood Warriors History Channel program aired May 7 2009 Olohe Kaihewalu olohe global Retrieved 2021 05 24 Hawaii Five 0 2010 Season 3 Episode Reviews including Oddities Goofs and Trivia www fiveohomepage com Retrieved 2020 01 27 Further reading EditGreen Thomas A ed 2001 Martial Arts of the World An Encyclopedia Vol 1 ISBN 1 57607 150 2 Paglinawan Richard Moses Kalauokalani Jerry Walker Mitchell Eli 2006 Lua Art of the Hawaiian Warrior Bishop Museum Press ISBN 1 58178 028 1 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Kapu Kuialua amp oldid 1115137459, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
