In applied mathematics, the Kaplan–Yorke conjecture concerns the dimension of an attractor, using Lyapunov exponents.[1][2] By arranging the Lyapunov exponents in order from largest to smallest , let j be the largest index for which
and
Then the conjecture is that the dimension of the attractor is
Especially for chaotic systems, the Kaplan–Yorke conjecture is a useful tool in order to estimate the fractal dimension and the Hausdorff dimension of the corresponding attractor.[4][3]
The Hénon map with parameters a = 1.4 and b = 0.3 has the ordered Lyapunov exponents and . In this case, we find j = 1 and the dimension formula reduces to
The Lorenz system shows chaotic behavior at the parameter values , and . The resulting Lyapunov exponents are {2.16, 0.00, −32.4}. Noting that j = 2, we find
Referencesedit
^Kaplan, J.; Yorke, J. (1979). "Chaotic behavior of multidimensional difference equations" (PDF). In Peitgen, H. O.; Walther, H. O. (eds.). Functional Differential Equations and the Approximation of Fixed Points. Lecture Notes in Mathematics. Vol. 730. Berlin: Springer. pp. 204–227. ISBN978-0-387-09518-9. MR 0547989.
^Frederickson, P.; Kaplan, J.; Yorke, E.; Yorke, J. (1983). "The Lyapunov Dimension of Strange Attractors". J. Diff. Eqs.49 (2): 185–207. Bibcode:1983JDE....49..185F. doi:10.1016/0022-0396(83)90011-6.
^ abKuznetsov, Nikolay; Reitmann, Volker (2020). Attractor Dimension Estimates for Dynamical Systems: Theory and Computation. Cham: Springer.
^Wolf, A.; Swift, A.; Jack, B.; Swinney, H. L.; Vastano, J. A. (1985). "Determining Lyapunov Exponents from a Time Series". Physica D. 16 (3): 285–317. Bibcode:1985PhyD...16..285W. CiteSeerX10.1.1.152.3162. doi:10.1016/0167-2789(85)90011-9. S2CID 14411384.
April 11, 2024
kaplan, yorke, conjecture, applied, mathematics, concerns, dimension, attractor, using, lyapunov, exponents, arranging, lyapunov, exponents, order, from, largest, smallest, displaystyle, lambda, lambda, dots, lambda, largest, index, which, 1jλi, displaystyle, . In applied mathematics the Kaplan Yorke conjecture concerns the dimension of an attractor using Lyapunov exponents 1 2 By arranging the Lyapunov exponents in order from largest to smallest l1 l2 ln displaystyle lambda 1 geq lambda 2 geq dots geq lambda n let j be the largest index for which i 1jli 0 displaystyle sum i 1 j lambda i geqslant 0 and i 1j 1li lt 0 displaystyle sum i 1 j 1 lambda i lt 0 Then the conjecture is that the dimension of the attractor is D j i 1jli lj 1 displaystyle D j frac sum i 1 j lambda i lambda j 1 This idea is used for the definition of the Lyapunov dimension 3 Examples editEspecially for chaotic systems the Kaplan Yorke conjecture is a useful tool in order to estimate the fractal dimension and the Hausdorff dimension of the corresponding attractor 4 3 The Henon map with parameters a 1 4 and b 0 3 has the ordered Lyapunov exponents l1 0 603 displaystyle lambda 1 0 603 nbsp and l2 2 34 displaystyle lambda 2 2 34 nbsp In this case we find j 1 and the dimension formula reduces toD j l1 l2 1 0 603 2 34 1 26 displaystyle D j frac lambda 1 lambda 2 1 frac 0 603 2 34 1 26 nbsp dd The Lorenz system shows chaotic behavior at the parameter values s 16 displaystyle sigma 16 nbsp r 45 92 displaystyle rho 45 92 nbsp and b 4 0 displaystyle beta 4 0 nbsp The resulting Lyapunov exponents are 2 16 0 00 32 4 Noting that j 2 we findD 2 2 16 0 00 32 4 2 07 displaystyle D 2 frac 2 16 0 00 32 4 2 07 nbsp dd References edit Kaplan J Yorke J 1979 Chaotic behavior of multidimensional difference equations PDF In Peitgen H O Walther H O eds Functional Differential Equations and the Approximation of Fixed Points Lecture Notes in Mathematics Vol 730 Berlin Springer pp 204 227 ISBN 978 0 387 09518 9 MR 0547989 Frederickson P Kaplan J Yorke E Yorke J 1983 The Lyapunov Dimension of Strange Attractors J Diff Eqs 49 2 185 207 Bibcode 1983JDE 49 185F doi 10 1016 0022 0396 83 90011 6 a b Kuznetsov Nikolay Reitmann Volker 2020 Attractor Dimension Estimates for Dynamical Systems Theory and Computation Cham Springer Wolf A Swift A Jack B Swinney H L Vastano J A 1985 Determining Lyapunov Exponents from a Time Series Physica D 16 3 285 317 Bibcode 1985PhyD 16 285W CiteSeerX 10 1 1 152 3162 doi 10 1016 0167 2789 85 90011 9 S2CID 14411384 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Kaplan Yorke conjecture amp oldid 1147506299, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,