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Kamakã languages

The Kamakã languages are a small family of extinct Macro-Jê languages of Bahía, northeastern Brazil. The attested Kamakã languages are:

Kamakã
Kamakanan
Geographic
distribution
Bahía, Brazil
Linguistic classificationMacro-Jê
  • Kamakã
Glottologkama1371

Varieties edit

Loukotka (1968) edit

Below is a full list of Kamakã languages and dialects listed by Loukotka (1968), including names of unattested varieties.[1]

Southern
  • Kamakán / Ezeshio - once spoken on the Ilhéus River, De Contas River and Pardo River, Bahia state.
  • Mangaló / Mongoyo / Monshoko - extinct language once spoken on the lower Pardo River near the frontier of Bahia and Minas Gerais states.
  • Kutasho / Cotoxo / Catathoy - once spoken between the Pardo River and De Contas River.
  • Menien / Manyã - once spoken at the sources of the Jequitinhonha River.
  • Dendi - once spoken in the Serra Geral de Condeúba, frontier area between the states of Bahia and Minas Gerais. (Unattested)
  • Catolé - once spoken in the state of Minas Gerais in the valleys of the Pardo River and Verde River. (Unattested)
  • Imboré / Amboré - once spoken at the sources of the Gongogi River, Bahia state. (Unattested)
  • Piripiri - once spoken in the state of Minas Gerais in the valleys of the Verde River and Gorutuba River. (Unattested)
  • Payaya - once spoken on the Camamu River, Bahia state. (Unattested)
Northern

Mason (1950) edit

Camacán (Kamakán) varieties listed by Mason (1950):[2]

Classification edit

Martins (2007) edit

Internal classification of the Kamakã languages by Martins (2007):[3]

Kamakã

Masakará is the most divergent language.

Ramirez (2015) edit

Internal classification of the Kamakã languages according to Ramirez, et al. (2015):[4]

Nikulin (2020) edit

Internal classification of the Kamakã languages according to Nikulin (2020):[5]

Vocabulary edit

Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items.[1]

gloss Kamakan Mangaló Menien Kutasho Masacará
head heró hero inro heró axaró
eye an-kedó kedó im-gutó kithó gätxt
tooth txó dió yo dió thüó
foot wadé uadä hoata huaxtö
water d san sa sa sin tsyin
fire yakó diaxka yarú tiakíl guxá
star pʔiong péo pinia pião pinatsö
maize hikamhi kesho kshó kethió käxü
jaguar yakoe-dere yaké-deré kukiamú tiuké-hiá yakveo
black kohada koaxéda kuatá koeixtá

Proto-language edit

Proto-Kamakã
Reconstruction ofKamakã languages
Reconstructed
ancestors

Proto-Kamakã reconstructions by Martins (2007):[3]

Portuguese gloss
(original)
English gloss
(translated)
Proto-Kamakã
água water *tsã
andar to walk *mã
anta tapir *here
arara macaw *tʃoke
arco bow *kwã
árvore tree *hi
banana banana *tako
beber to drink *ka
beber (água) to drink (water) *tsã-ka
belo beautiful *tʃoho
boca mouth *eriko
branco white *kVhVro
cabeça head *hero
cabelo hair *ke
carne meat *kohoaja
casa house *toa
chuva rain *tsã
comer to eat *jukwa
dente tooth *tʃo
dormir to sleep *hondõ
esp. de banana banana sp. *tako
estrela star *pio
faca knife *ketʃa, *ketja
feijão bean *kinja
filha daughter *kiaxrará
filha, filho daughter, son *krani
filho son *ketje
flecha arrow *hwaj, *waj
fogo fire *tʃakɨ, *tjakɨ
irmã sister *tʃakarata, *jak(a)ratã
lua moon *hetʃe, *hedje
macaco monkey *kaũ
machado axe *kedo
madeira wood *hi)-ta
mandioca manioc *kajɨ
mão hand *ker
menino boy *kwanĩ
milho maize *ketʃo
milho maize *ketjo
muito very *hie-hie
nariz nose *niniko
olho eye *keto
onça (Felis onça) jaguar (Felis) *jake
orelha ear *nikoka
pai father *kehentã
papagaio parrot *karaj
pássaro bird *tʃano
pequeno small *(V)ta
preto, negro black *kwahda, *kwaxda
quati coati *pitako

References edit

  1. ^ a b Loukotka, Čestmír (1968). Classification of South American Indian languages. Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center.
  2. ^ Mason, John Alden (1950). "The languages of South America". In Steward, Julian (ed.). Handbook of South American Indians. Vol. 6. Washington, D.C., Government Printing Office: Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 143. pp. 157–317.
  3. ^ a b Martins, Andérbio Márcio Silva. 2007. Revisão da Família Lingüística Kamakã Proposta por Chestmir Loukotka. MA thesis, University of Brasília.
  4. ^ Ramirez, H., Vegini, V., & França, M. C. V. de. (2015). Koropó, puri, kamakã e outras línguas do Leste Brasileiro. LIAMES: Línguas Indígenas Americanas, 15(2), 223 - 277. doi:10.20396/liames.v15i2.8642302
  5. ^ Nikulin, Andrey (2020). Proto-Macro-Jê: um estudo reconstrutivo (PDF) (Ph.D. dissertation). Brasília: Universidade de Brasília.
  • Alain Fabre, 2005, Diccionario etnolingüístico y guía bibliográfica de los pueblos indígenas sudamericanos: KAMAKÃ.[1]

kamakã, languages, small, family, extinct, macro, languages, bahía, northeastern, brazil, attested, northern, kamakã, dialects, mongoyó, mangaló, kotoxó, menién, southern, masakarákamakãkamakanangeographicdistributionbahía, brazillinguistic, classificationmacr. The Kamaka languages are a small family of extinct Macro Je languages of Bahia northeastern Brazil The attested Kamaka languages are northern Kamaka dialects Mongoyo Mangalo Kotoxo Menien southern MasakaraKamakaKamakananGeographicdistributionBahia BrazilLinguistic classificationMacro JeKamakaGlottologkama1371 Contents 1 Varieties 1 1 Loukotka 1968 1 2 Mason 1950 2 Classification 2 1 Martins 2007 2 2 Ramirez 2015 2 3 Nikulin 2020 3 Vocabulary 4 Proto language 5 ReferencesVarieties editLoukotka 1968 edit Below is a full list of Kamaka languages and dialects listed by Loukotka 1968 including names of unattested varieties 1 Southern Kamakan Ezeshio once spoken on the Ilheus River De Contas River and Pardo River Bahia state Mangalo Mongoyo Monshoko extinct language once spoken on the lower Pardo River near the frontier of Bahia and Minas Gerais states Kutasho Cotoxo Catathoy once spoken between the Pardo River and De Contas River Menien Manya once spoken at the sources of the Jequitinhonha River Dendi once spoken in the Serra Geral de Condeuba frontier area between the states of Bahia and Minas Gerais Unattested Catole once spoken in the state of Minas Gerais in the valleys of the Pardo River and Verde River Unattested Imbore Ambore once spoken at the sources of the Gongogi River Bahia state Unattested Piripiri once spoken in the state of Minas Gerais in the valleys of the Verde River and Gorutuba River Unattested Payaya once spoken on the Camamu River Bahia state Unattested Northern Masacara extinct language once spoken south of the city of Juazeiro and in the old mission of Saco dos Morcegos state of Bahia Mason 1950 edit Camacan Kamakan varieties listed by Mason 1950 2 Camacan Kamakan Mongoyo Monshoco Ezeshio Cutasho Kotoxo Catethoy Katathoy Menian Manya MasacaraClassification editMartins 2007 edit Internal classification of the Kamaka languages by Martins 2007 3 Kamaka Masakara core branch Kamaka Menien Kotoxo Mongoyo Masakara is the most divergent language Ramirez 2015 edit Internal classification of the Kamaka languages according to Ramirez et al 2015 4 Masakara Kamaka proper Menien Kamaka including Kotoxo Mongoyo Monxoko Katatoi etc Nikulin 2020 edit Internal classification of the Kamaka languages according to Nikulin 2020 5 Masakara Southern Kamaka Menien Kamaka Kotoxo MongoyoVocabulary editLoukotka 1968 lists the following basic vocabulary items 1 gloss Kamakan Mangalo Menien Kutasho Masacara head hero hero inro hero axaro eye an kedo kedo im guto kitho gatxt tooth txo dio yo dio thuo foot wade uada hoata huaxto water d san sa sa sin tsyin fire yako diaxka yaru tiakil guxa star pʔiong peo pinia piao pinatso maize hikamhi kesho ksho kethio kaxu jaguar yakoe dere yake dere kukiamu tiuke hia yakveo black kohada koaxeda kuata ta koeixtaProto language editProto KamakaReconstruction ofKamaka languagesReconstructedancestorsProto Macro Je Proto Trans Sao Francisco Proto Kamaka reconstructions by Martins 2007 3 Portuguese gloss original English gloss translated Proto Kamaka agua water tsa andar to walk ma anta tapir here arara macaw tʃoke arco bow kwa arvore tree hi banana banana tako beber to drink ka beber agua to drink water tsa ka belo beautiful tʃoho boca mouth eriko branco white kVhVro cabeca head hero cabelo hair ke carne meat kohoaja casa house toa chuva rain tsa comer to eat jukwa dente tooth tʃo dormir to sleep hondo esp de banana banana sp tako estrela star pio faca knife ketʃa ketja feijao bean kinja filha daughter kiaxrara filha filho daughter son krani filho son ketje flecha arrow hwaj waj fogo fire tʃakɨ tjakɨ irma sister tʃakarata jak a rata lua moon hetʃe hedje macaco monkey kaũ machado axe kedo madeira wood hi ta mandioca manioc kajɨ mao hand ker menino boy kwanĩ milho maize ketʃo milho maize ketjo muito very hie hie nariz nose niniko olho eye keto onca Felis onca jaguar Felis jake orelha ear nikoka pai father kehenta papagaio parrot karaj passaro bird tʃano pequeno small V ta preto negro black kwahda kwaxda quati coati pitakoReferences edit nbsp Wiktionary has a list of reconstructed forms at Appendix Proto Kamaka reconstructions a b Loukotka Cestmir 1968 Classification of South American Indian languages Los Angeles UCLA Latin American Center Mason John Alden 1950 The languages of South America In Steward Julian ed Handbook of South American Indians Vol 6 Washington D C Government Printing Office Smithsonian Institution Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 143 pp 157 317 a b Martins Anderbio Marcio Silva 2007 Revisao da Familia Linguistica Kamaka Proposta por Chestmir Loukotka MA thesis University of Brasilia Ramirez H Vegini V amp Franca M C V de 2015 Koropo puri kamaka e outras linguas do Leste Brasileiro LIAMES Linguas Indigenas Americanas 15 2 223 277 doi 10 20396 liames v15i2 8642302 Nikulin Andrey 2020 Proto Macro Je um estudo reconstrutivo PDF Ph D dissertation Brasilia Universidade de Brasilia Alain Fabre 2005 Diccionario etnolinguistico y guia bibliografica de los pueblos indigenas sudamericanos KAMAKA 1 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Kamaka languages amp oldid 1034070006, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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