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Kalkriese

January 01, 1970

Kalkriese is a village now administratively part of the city of Bramsche in the district of Osnabrück, Lower Saxony, Germany. It is on the northern slope of the Wiehen Hills, a ridge-like range of hills, north of Osnabrück. The Kalkrieser Berg or Schmittenhöhe, a hill with a height of 157 m (515 ft), is considered by archaeologists to be the likely site of the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest.

Suspected site of the final Battle of the Teutoburg Forest

The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest (German: Schlacht im Teutoburger Wald, Hermannsschlacht or Varusschlacht), described as clades Variana (the "Varian disaster") by Roman historians, took place in what the Romans called the saltus Teutoburgiensis and has since been identified as Kalkriese in 9 AD, when an alliance of Germanic tribes ambushed and decisively destroyed three Roman legions and their auxiliaries, led by Publius Quinctilius Varus. The anti-Roman alliance was led by Arminius, an officer of Varus' auxiliary forces who had acquired Roman citizenship and received a Roman military education.

The Romans' saltus Teutoburgiensis (Teutoburg Pass) is taken to refer to the strip of cultivated land with a width of 220 m (720 ft) which lies between the Kalkrieser Berg and a large area of wetland to its north, the great bog of Großes Moor. The passage along the northern slope of the Kalkrieser Berg is a difficult one because of the need to cross many deep brooks and rivulets.[1] Since the start of official explorations in 1988 more than 5,500 Roman objects, mainly pieces of military equipment, have been found in an area covering 17 km2 (6.6 sq mi):[2] The objects include Roman swords and daggers, parts of javelins and spears, arrowheads, sling stones, fragments of helmets, soldiers' boot nails, belts, chainmail hooks, and fragments of armor.[1] Among the most significant items is the earliest known Imperial face-mask.[2]

Other items include locks, keys, razors, a scale, weights, chisels, hammers, pickaxes, buckets, finger rings, surgical instruments, seal boxes, a stylus, cauldrons, casseroles, spoons, and amphorae. Jewelry, hairpins, and a disk brooch suggest the presence of women.[1] One of the inscribed objects is a plumb bob with "CHOI", or "C(o)HO(rtis) I", i.e. "property of the first cohort". The other one is a chainmail fastener with the inscription: "M AIUS (cohortis) I (centuriae) FABRICI(i) M AII (cohortis) I (centuriae) FAB(ricii)" ("Marcus Aius of cohort I, centuria of fabricii; property of Marcus Aius of cohort I, centuria of fabricii").[3] A coin struck to commemorate Augustus's adoption of his grandsons Lucius and Gaius in 2 BC has also been found at Kalkriese.[3] In 2016, an archaeological investigation found eight aurei close together at the site, adding to the seven Roman gold coins previously found and tending to corroborate the identification of Kalkriese as the site of the battle.[4][5]

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ a b c . Archived from the original on 2007-02-19. Retrieved 2007-07-20.
  2. ^ a b Christian Ziehe. . Archived from the original on 2007-07-04. Retrieved 2007-07-20.
  3. ^ a b . Archived from the original on 2007-08-06. Retrieved 2007-07-20.
  4. ^ Caroline Flöring (2016-07-04). "Acht Goldmünzen auf dem antiken Schlachtfeld in Kalkriese gefunden" (in German). History, University of Osnabrück.
  5. ^ . Archaeology News Network. 2016-07-02. Archived from the original on 2022-10-27. Retrieved 2016-11-16.

External links edit

52°24′29″N 8°07′44″E / 52.408°N 8.129°E / 52.408; 8.129

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kalkriese.

January 01, 1970
kalkriese, village, administratively, part, city, bramsche, district, osnabrück, lower, saxony, germany, northern, slope, wiehen, hills, ridge, like, range, hills, north, osnabrück, berg, schmittenhöhe, hill, with, height, considered, archaeologists, likely, s. Kalkriese is a village now administratively part of the city of Bramsche in the district of Osnabruck Lower Saxony Germany It is on the northern slope of the Wiehen Hills a ridge like range of hills north of Osnabruck The Kalkrieser Berg or Schmittenhohe a hill with a height of 157 m 515 ft is considered by archaeologists to be the likely site of the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest Suspected site of the final Battle of the Teutoburg Forest The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest German Schlacht im Teutoburger Wald Hermannsschlacht or Varusschlacht described as clades Variana the Varian disaster by Roman historians took place in what the Romans called the saltus Teutoburgiensis and has since been identified as Kalkriese in 9 AD when an alliance of Germanic tribes ambushed and decisively destroyed three Roman legions and their auxiliaries led by Publius Quinctilius Varus The anti Roman alliance was led by Arminius an officer of Varus auxiliary forces who had acquired Roman citizenship and received a Roman military education The Romans saltus Teutoburgiensis Teutoburg Pass is taken to refer to the strip of cultivated land with a width of 220 m 720 ft which lies between the Kalkrieser Berg and a large area of wetland to its north the great bog of Grosses Moor The passage along the northern slope of the Kalkrieser Berg is a difficult one because of the need to cross many deep brooks and rivulets 1 Since the start of official explorations in 1988 more than 5 500 Roman objects mainly pieces of military equipment have been found in an area covering 17 km2 6 6 sq mi 2 The objects include Roman swords and daggers parts of javelins and spears arrowheads sling stones fragments of helmets soldiers boot nails belts chainmail hooks and fragments of armor 1 Among the most significant items is the earliest known Imperial face mask 2 Other items include locks keys razors a scale weights chisels hammers pickaxes buckets finger rings surgical instruments seal boxes a stylus cauldrons casseroles spoons and amphorae Jewelry hairpins and a disk brooch suggest the presence of women 1 One of the inscribed objects is a plumb bob with CHOI or C o HO rtis I i e property of the first cohort The other one is a chainmail fastener with the inscription M AIUS cohortis I centuriae FABRICI i M AII cohortis I centuriae FAB ricii Marcus Aius of cohort I centuria of fabricii property of Marcus Aius of cohort I centuria of fabricii 3 A coin struck to commemorate Augustus s adoption of his grandsons Lucius and Gaius in 2 BC has also been found at Kalkriese 3 In 2016 an archaeological investigation found eight aurei close together at the site adding to the seven Roman gold coins previously found and tending to corroborate the identification of Kalkriese as the site of the battle 4 5 See also editAngrivarian WallNotes edit a b c Kalkriese Archived from the original on 2007 02 19 Retrieved 2007 07 20 a b Christian Ziehe Clades Variana Archived from the original on 2007 07 04 Retrieved 2007 07 20 a b The battle in the Teutoburg Forest Archived from the original on 2007 08 06 Retrieved 2007 07 20 Caroline Floring 2016 07 04 Acht Goldmunzen auf dem antiken Schlachtfeld in Kalkriese gefunden in German History University of Osnabruck Gold coins discovered at German site where Roman legions were massacred Archaeology News Network 2016 07 02 Archived from the original on 2022 10 27 Retrieved 2016 11 16 External links editKalkriese Museum Archived 2005 03 05 at the Wayback Machine 52 24 29 N 8 07 44 E 52 408 N 8 129 E 52 408 8 129 nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kalkriese Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Kalkriese amp oldid 1216602383, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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