The five languages of Eleman proper are clearly related. They were identified as a family by Sidney Herbert Ray in 1907, and would later be incorporated in the Trans–New Guinea classifications of Stephen Wurm (1975) and of Malcolm Ross (2005).
Purari was included by Brown (1968), but the only evidence is the 1sg pronoun nai, which might simply be a reflection of TNG *na.
The purported evidence for including Eleman in the Trans–New Guinea family lies in Kaki Ae. Franklin (1995) shows regular sound correspondences between Kaki Ae and Eleman, including Kaki Ae n to Eleman *r, so Kaki Ae nao 1sg appears to be cognate with Eleman *ara, both perhaps descending from proto-TNG *na. Likewise, Kaki Ae nu'u may reflect pTNG *nu, and the forms of the 2sg pronouns, ao and *a, are common in TNG languages.
Ross states that the Kaki Ae isolate links Eleman proper within TNG. However, Glottolog notes that the sound correspondences are just what one would expect from loans, given the different phonologies of the languages: Eleman has no n/l/r distinction, and Kaki Ae has no t/k distinction.[1]
Pawley and Hammarström (2018) classify Kaki Ae as a language isolate rather than as part of Eleman, noting that similarities with Eleman are mostly because of borrowing.[2]
Brown, Herbert A. "The Eleman Language Family". In Franklin, K. editor, The linguistic situation in the Gulf District and adjacent areas, Papua New Guinea. C-26:279-376. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1973. doi:10.15144/PL-C26.279
Brown, Herbert A. 1972. The Elema languages: A comparative study of the Toaripi, Orokolo and their related dialects. PhD thesis: University of London.
Franklin, Karl J.. 1973. Appendices. In Karl J. Franklin (ed.), The Linguistic Situation in the Gulf District and Adjacent Areas, Papua New Guinea, 539-592. Canberra: Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University.
Referencesedit
^Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Kaki Ae". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
^Pawley, Andrew; Hammarström, Harald (2018). "The Trans New Guinea family". In Palmer, Bill (ed.). The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide. The World of Linguistics. Vol. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 21–196. ISBN978-3-11-028642-7.
Ross, Malcolm (2005). "Pronouns as a preliminary diagnostic for grouping Papuan languages". In Andrew Pawley; Robert Attenborough; Robin Hide; Jack Golson (eds.). Papuan pasts: cultural, linguistic and biological histories of Papuan-speaking peoples. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. pp. 15–66. ISBN0858835622. OCLC 67292782.
January 01, 1970
eleman, languages, family, spoken, around, kerema, papua, guinea, elemankaki, kerema, baygeographicdistributionkerema, papua, guinealinguistic, classificationa, primary, language, familysubdivisionseleman, proper, kaki, aeglottolognucl1580, eleman, proper, gui. The Eleman languages are a family spoken around Kerema Bay Papua New Guinea ElemanKaki Ae Kerema BayGeographicdistributionKerema Bay Papua New GuineaLinguistic classificationa primary language familySubdivisionsEleman proper Kaki AeGlottolognucl1580 Eleman proper Map The Eleman languages of New Guinea The Eleman languages Trans New Guinea languages Other Papuan languages Austronesian languages Uninhabited Contents 1 Languages and classification 2 Pronouns 3 Further reading 4 ReferencesLanguages and classification editThe five languages of Eleman proper are clearly related They were identified as a family by Sidney Herbert Ray in 1907 and would later be incorporated in the Trans New Guinea classifications of Stephen Wurm 1975 and of Malcolm Ross 2005 Kaki Ae Tate Eleman family West Keuru Opao Orokolo East Toaripi Tairuma Uaripi Purari was included by Brown 1968 but the only evidence is the 1sg pronoun nai which might simply be a reflection of TNG na The purported evidence for including Eleman in the Trans New Guinea family lies in Kaki Ae Franklin 1995 shows regular sound correspondences between Kaki Ae and Eleman including Kaki Ae n to Eleman r so Kaki Ae nao 1sg appears to be cognate with Eleman ara both perhaps descending from proto TNG na Likewise Kaki Ae nu u may reflect pTNG nu and the forms of the 2sg pronouns ao and a are common in TNG languages Ross states that the Kaki Ae isolate links Eleman proper within TNG However Glottolog notes that the sound correspondences are just what one would expect from loans given the different phonologies of the languages Eleman has no n l r distinction and Kaki Ae has no t k distinction 1 Pawley and Hammarstrom 2018 classify Kaki Ae as a language isolate rather than as part of Eleman noting that similarities with Eleman are mostly because of borrowing 2 Pronouns editThe pronouns are as follows Eleman proper sg pl 1 ara ela 2 a e u 3 are ere u Kaki Ae sg pl 1 nao nu u 2 ao ofe 3 era era heFurther reading editRoss Malcolm 2014 Proto Eleman TransNewGuinea org Ross Malcolm 2014 Proto Eleman Koriki TransNewGuinea org Ross Malcolm 2014 Proto East Eleman TransNewGuinea org Ross Malcolm 2014 Proto West Eleman TransNewGuinea org Brown Herbert A The Eleman Language Family In Franklin K editor The linguistic situation in the Gulf District and adjacent areas Papua New Guinea C 26 279 376 Pacific Linguistics The Australian National University 1973 doi 10 15144 PL C26 279 Brown Herbert A 1972 The Elema languages A comparative study of the Toaripi Orokolo and their related dialects PhD thesis University of London Franklin Karl J 1973 Appendices In Karl J Franklin ed The Linguistic Situation in the Gulf District and Adjacent Areas Papua New Guinea 539 592 Canberra Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies Australian National University References edit Hammarstrom Harald Forkel Robert Haspelmath Martin eds 2017 Kaki Ae Glottolog 3 0 Jena Germany Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History Pawley Andrew Hammarstrom Harald 2018 The Trans New Guinea family In Palmer Bill ed The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area A Comprehensive Guide The World of Linguistics Vol 4 Berlin De Gruyter Mouton pp 21 196 ISBN 978 3 11 028642 7 Ross Malcolm 2005 Pronouns as a preliminary diagnostic for grouping Papuan languages In Andrew Pawley Robert Attenborough Robin Hide Jack Golson eds Papuan pasts cultural linguistic and biological histories of Papuan speaking peoples Canberra Pacific Linguistics pp 15 66 ISBN 0858835622 OCLC 67292782 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Eleman languages amp oldid 1132484941, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
