Kaimynas (plural: kaimynai) was a class of non-free peasants in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania before full-scale serfdom was established by the Wallach reform (1557). The term describes a former prisoner of war, who was allowed to live in a village and rent a piece of land from a noble.[1] Peasants who lost their land because of debt or other circumstances could also become kaimynai.[2]
Kaimynai and their families were allowed to form a farm, have tools, and earn their own living independently. However they had no personal freedoms and were dependent on the nobles.[2] Because the family was treated as a single farm and owned taxes and levies as a group and not individually, kaimynai were sold or exchanged in families.[3] Their situation was similar to that of šeimynykščiai as both classes were not free and dependent on the nobles. However, šeimynykščiai were members of noble's household and did not earn their living independently.[2] They are often compared to slaves, while kaimynai are compared to early serfs.[4]
The term is derived from possessive adjective to describe a person belonging to a village (kaimas) or farmstead (kiemas).[5] In East Slavic texts loaned the word as коиминецъ, коиминикъ.[1] In modern Lithuanian the term means neighbor.
Referencesedit
^ abZigmas, Zinkevičius (1995). "Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės kanceliarinės slavų kalbos termino nusakymo problema". In Nadija, Neporožnia (ed.). Lietuva - Ukraina: istorija, politologija, kultūrologija (in Lithuanian). Vilnius: Amžius. pp. 12–19. ISBN5-87534-123-8.
^"Kaimynai". Tarybų Lietuvos enciklopedija (in Lithuanian). Vol. II. Vilnius: Vyriausioji enciklopedijų redakcija. 1985–1988. pp. 172–173. OCLC 20017802.
^Poviliūnas, Antanas (2007). "Žemės reformos ir ūkininkijos raidos ekonominės peripetijos". Žemės ūkio mokslai (in Lithuanian). 1 (14): 49. ISSN 1392-0200.
^Skardžius, Pranas (March 1973). "Donum Balticum". Aidai (in Lithuanian). 3. ISSN 0002-208X.
January 01, 1970
kaimynas, plural, kaimynai, class, free, peasants, grand, duchy, lithuania, before, full, scale, serfdom, established, wallach, reform, 1557, term, describes, former, prisoner, allowed, live, village, rent, piece, land, from, noble, peasants, lost, their, land. Kaimynas plural kaimynai was a class of non free peasants in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania before full scale serfdom was established by the Wallach reform 1557 The term describes a former prisoner of war who was allowed to live in a village and rent a piece of land from a noble 1 Peasants who lost their land because of debt or other circumstances could also become kaimynai 2 Kaimynai and their families were allowed to form a farm have tools and earn their own living independently However they had no personal freedoms and were dependent on the nobles 2 Because the family was treated as a single farm and owned taxes and levies as a group and not individually kaimynai were sold or exchanged in families 3 Their situation was similar to that of seimynyksciai as both classes were not free and dependent on the nobles However seimynyksciai were members of noble s household and did not earn their living independently 2 They are often compared to slaves while kaimynai are compared to early serfs 4 The term is derived from possessive adjective to describe a person belonging to a village kaimas or farmstead kiemas 5 In East Slavic texts loaned the word as koiminec koiminik 1 In modern Lithuanian the term means neighbor References edit a b Zigmas Zinkevicius 1995 Lietuvos Didziosios Kunigaikstystes kanceliarines slavu kalbos termino nusakymo problema In Nadija Neporoznia ed Lietuva Ukraina istorija politologija kulturologija in Lithuanian Vilnius Amzius pp 12 19 ISBN 5 87534 123 8 a b c Tarvydiene Maryte Elena 2007 Zemetvarkos pagrindai in Lithuanian Lithuanian University of Agriculture pp 17 23 24 ISBN 978 9955 896 11 1 Archived from the original PDF on 2011 07 22 Kaimynai Tarybu Lietuvos enciklopedija in Lithuanian Vol II Vilnius Vyriausioji enciklopediju redakcija 1985 1988 pp 172 173 OCLC 20017802 Poviliunas Antanas 2007 Zemes reformos ir ukininkijos raidos ekonomines peripetijos Zemes ukio mokslai in Lithuanian 1 14 49 ISSN 1392 0200 Skardzius Pranas March 1973 Donum Balticum Aidai in Lithuanian 3 ISSN 0002 208X Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Kaimynas amp oldid 1038733817, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
