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Piano Concertos Nos. 1–4 (Mozart)

April 12, 2024

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart began his series of preserved piano concertos with four that he wrote at the age of 11, in Salzburg: K. 37 and 39–41. The autographs, all held by the Jagiellonian Library, Kraków, are dated by his father as having been completed in April (K. 37) and July (K. 39–41) of 1767. Although these works were long considered to be original, they are now known to be orchestrations of sonatas by various German virtuosi. The works on which the concertos are based were largely published in Paris, and presumably Mozart and his family became acquainted with them or their composers during their visit to Paris in 1763–64.

Piano Concertos
Nos. 1–4
Arrangements of sonatas by other composers by W. A. Mozart
The young composer in 1770
Key
CatalogueK. 37, 39–41
Composed1767 (1767)
Scoring
  • Piano
  • orchestra

By using movements from the sonatas of other composers, the young Mozart seems to have begun to learn how to cope with the structural problems of composing in the piano concerto form.[1] Indeed, it may be that Leopold Mozart had devised this as a compositional teaching method. If so, it seems that this may have been the first time this had been done by the composer. This is perhaps supported by two facts: First, Leopold excluded the first four concertos from his 1768 list, suggesting that he may not have considered them true compositions by his son. Second, the autographs of the four works are the joint products of both Mozart and Leopold (although K. 41 is mainly in Leopold's hand alone).[1]

No. 1 (K. 37) in F major edit

 
I. Allegro
II. Andante
III. Allegro
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The concerto is scored for strings, piano (or harpsichord) and pairs of oboes and French horns. The three movements are:

  1. Allegro (4
    4    )
  2. Andante (C major, 4
    4    )
  3. Allegro (3
    4    )

The first movement is based on the initial allegro of the sonata for keyboard with violin accompaniment (Op. 1, No. 5) by Hermann Friedrich Raupach, from a set of six published in Paris in 1756. The provenance of the second movement is unknown, although Eric Blom, the editor of the 5th edition of Grove's Dictionary (1954), suggested that it was in fact by Mozart. The final movement is based on the first movement of the sonata, Op. 2, No. 3, by the Strasbourg-based Leontzi Honauer.[2]

No. 2 (K. 39) in B♭ major edit

 
I. Allegro spiritoso
II. Andante
III. Molto allegro
Problems playing these files? See media help.

The concerto is scored for strings, piano (or harpsichord), and pairs of oboes and French horns, as above. The movements are:

  1. Allegro spiritoso (4
    4    )
  2. Andante (F Major, 4
    4    )
  3. Allegrissimo (2
    4    )

The first and third of the movements are again from Raupach (Op. 1, No. 1), whilst the slow movement is based on the opening movement of Johann Schobert's Op. 17, No. 2, a composer admired by Mozart.[2]

No. 3 (K. 40) in D major edit

The concerto is scored for strings, piano (or harpsichord), and pairs of French horns, oboes and trumpets. The movements are:

  1. Allegro maestoso (4
    4    )
  2. Andante (A Major, 2
    4    )
  3. Presto (3
    8    )

The first movement is based on the initial movement of Honauer's Op. 2, No. 1. The second on one by Johann Gottfried Eckard (op. 1, no. 4 ), the most famous keyboardist of his day. The third movement is based on C. P. E. Bach's piece La Boehmer, published in the early 1760s. Mozart's cadenzas for the concerto survive.[2]

No. 4 (K. 41) in G major edit

The concerto is scored for strings, piano (or harpsichord) and pairs of French horns and flutes. The movements are:

  1. Allegro (3
    4    )
  2. Andante (G minor, 2
    4    )
  3. Allegrissimo (3
    4    )

As all the movements of this concerto are in either G Major or G Minor, the work is homotonal. In only four other piano concerti by Mozart are the slow movement in a minor

key (K. 271, K. 456, K. 482, and K. 488).

This concerto also opens in triple meter, an unusual feature of Mozart's 27 Piano Concerti; only K. 41, K. 413, K. 491, and K. 449 open in triple meter.

The first and third movements are based on ones by Honauer (Op. 1, No. 1), and the middle one on Raupach (Op. 1, No. 1).[2]

Assessment edit

By comparison to Mozart's later concertos or even to those of J. C. Bach, these are slight works. The preludes that Mozart added to the sonatas do not contain a wealth of themes, as is typical for his later efforts, nor does the exposition or middle section add new thematic material. The role of the keyboard as soloist or continuo is not always clearly delineated. Nevertheless, some traces of his later structures can be detected: for example, the relative sizes of the sections is approximately similar, albeit on a smaller scale.

References edit

  1. ^ a b Stanley Sadie (2008) "Mozart: The early years"
  2. ^ a b c d Hermann Abert (2007) "W. A. Mozart"

Sources edit

  • Hutchings, A. A Companion to Mozart's Piano Concertos, Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-816708-3
  • Mozart, W. A. Piano Concertos Nos. 1-6 in full score. Dover Publications, New York. ISBN 0-486-44191-1

External links edit

April 12, 2024
piano, concertos, mozart, wolfgang, amadeus, mozart, began, series, preserved, piano, concertos, with, four, that, wrote, salzburg, autographs, held, jagiellonian, library, kraków, dated, father, having, been, completed, april, july, 1767, although, these, wor. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart began his series of preserved piano concertos with four that he wrote at the age of 11 in Salzburg K 37 and 39 41 The autographs all held by the Jagiellonian Library Krakow are dated by his father as having been completed in April K 37 and July K 39 41 of 1767 Although these works were long considered to be original they are now known to be orchestrations of sonatas by various German virtuosi The works on which the concertos are based were largely published in Paris and presumably Mozart and his family became acquainted with them or their composers during their visit to Paris in 1763 64 Piano ConcertosNos 1 4Arrangements of sonatas by other composers by W A MozartThe young composer in 1770KeyF major B major D major G majorCatalogueK 37 39 41Composed1767 1767 ScoringPianoorchestraBy using movements from the sonatas of other composers the young Mozart seems to have begun to learn how to cope with the structural problems of composing in the piano concerto form 1 Indeed it may be that Leopold Mozart had devised this as a compositional teaching method If so it seems that this may have been the first time this had been done by the composer This is perhaps supported by two facts First Leopold excluded the first four concertos from his 1768 list suggesting that he may not have considered them true compositions by his son Second the autographs of the four works are the joint products of both Mozart and Leopold although K 41 is mainly in Leopold s hand alone 1 Contents 1 No 1 K 37 in F major 2 No 2 K 39 in B major 3 No 3 K 40 in D major 4 No 4 K 41 in G major 5 Assessment 6 References 7 Sources 8 External linksNo 1 K 37 in F major edit nbsp I Allegro source source II Andante source source III Allegro source source Problems playing these files See media help The concerto is scored for strings piano or harpsichord and pairs of oboes and French horns The three movements are Allegro 44 Andante C major 44 Allegro 34 The first movement is based on the initial allegro of the sonata for keyboard with violin accompaniment Op 1 No 5 by Hermann Friedrich Raupach from a set of six published in Paris in 1756 The provenance of the second movement is unknown although Eric Blom the editor of the 5th edition of Grove s Dictionary 1954 suggested that it was in fact by Mozart The final movement is based on the first movement of the sonata Op 2 No 3 by the Strasbourg based Leontzi Honauer 2 No 2 K 39 in B major edit nbsp I Allegro spiritoso source source II Andante source source III Molto allegro source source Problems playing these files See media help The concerto is scored for strings piano or harpsichord and pairs of oboes and French horns as above The movements are Allegro spiritoso 44 Andante F Major 44 Allegrissimo 24 The first and third of the movements are again from Raupach Op 1 No 1 whilst the slow movement is based on the opening movement of Johann Schobert s Op 17 No 2 a composer admired by Mozart 2 No 3 K 40 in D major editThe concerto is scored for strings piano or harpsichord and pairs of French horns oboes and trumpets The movements are Allegro maestoso 44 Andante A Major 24 Presto 38 The first movement is based on the initial movement of Honauer s Op 2 No 1 The second on one by Johann Gottfried Eckard op 1 no 4 the most famous keyboardist of his day The third movement is based on C P E Bach s piece La Boehmer published in the early 1760s Mozart s cadenzas for the concerto survive 2 No 4 K 41 in G major editThe concerto is scored for strings piano or harpsichord and pairs of French horns and flutes The movements are Allegro 34 Andante G minor 24 Allegrissimo 34 As all the movements of this concerto are in either G Major or G Minor the work is homotonal In only four other piano concerti by Mozart are the slow movement in a minorkey K 271 K 456 K 482 and K 488 This concerto also opens in triple meter an unusual feature of Mozart s 27 Piano Concerti only K 41 K 413 K 491 and K 449 open in triple meter The first and third movements are based on ones by Honauer Op 1 No 1 and the middle one on Raupach Op 1 No 1 2 Assessment editBy comparison to Mozart s later concertos or even to those of J C Bach these are slight works The preludes that Mozart added to the sonatas do not contain a wealth of themes as is typical for his later efforts nor does the exposition or middle section add new thematic material The role of the keyboard as soloist or continuo is not always clearly delineated Nevertheless some traces of his later structures can be detected for example the relative sizes of the sections is approximately similar albeit on a smaller scale References edit a b Stanley Sadie 2008 Mozart The early years a b c d Hermann Abert 2007 W A Mozart Sources editHutchings A A Companion to Mozart s Piano Concertos Oxford University Press ISBN 0 19 816708 3 Mozart W A Piano Concertos Nos 1 6 in full score Dover Publications New York ISBN 0 486 44191 1External links editPiano Concertos Nos 1 4 Mozart Score in the Neue Mozart Ausgabe Piano Concerto No 1 No 2 No 3 No 4 Scores at the International Music Score Library Project Portal nbsp Classical Music Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Piano Concertos Nos 1 4 Mozart amp oldid 1211592076, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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