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Kōwa (Muromachi period)

February 27, 2024

Kōwa (弘和) was a Japanese era name (年号, nengō, lit. year name) of the Southern Court during the Era of Northern and Southern Courts after Tenju and before Genchū. This period spanned the years from February 1381 to April 1384.[1] The Southern Court emperors in Yoshino during this time-frame were Emperor Chōkei (長慶天皇, Chōkei-tennō) and Emperor Go-Kameyama (後亀山天皇, Go-Kameyama-tennō). The Northern court emperors in Kyoto were Emperor Go-En'yū (後円融天皇, Go-En'yū-tennō) and Emperor Go-Komatsu (後小松天皇, Go-Komatsu-tennō)[2]

Nanboku-chō overview edit

 
The Imperial seats during the Nanboku-chō period were in relatively close proximity, but geographically distinct. They were conventionally identified as:

During the Meiji period, an Imperial decree dated March 3, 1911 established that the legitimate reigning monarchs of this period were the direct descendants of Emperor Go-Daigo through Emperor Go-Murakami, whose Southern Court (南朝, nanchō) had been established in exile in Yoshino, near Nara.[3]

Until the end of the Edo period, the militarily superior pretender-Emperors supported by the Ashikaga shogunate had been mistakenly incorporated in Imperial chronologies despite the undisputed fact that the Imperial Regalia were not in their possession.[3]

This illegitimate Northern Court (北朝, hokuchō) had been established in Kyoto by Ashikaga Takauji.[3]

Change of era edit

  • 1381, also called Kōwa gannen (弘和元年): The new era name was created to mark an event or series of events. The previous era ended and the new one commenced in Tenju 7.[4]

In this time frame, Eitoku (1381–1384) was the Southern Court equivalent nengō.

Events of the Kōwa Era edit

  • 1381 (Kōwa 1): The emperor travels in procession to see Ashikaga Yoshimitsu at his palacial home in Muromachi.[4]
  • 1381 (Kōwa 1): the kampaku Nijō Yoshimoto is elevated to the position of daijō daijin. Yoshimitsu is raised to the Imperial court position of nadaijin at the young age of 24. Yoshimoto and Yoshimitsu work well in harmony together.[4]
  • 1382 (Kōwa 2): Yoshimitsu is raised to the court position of sadaijin, and several days later, he was named General of the Left (sadaisho). In this same period, Fujiwara no Sanetoki is elevated from the position of dainagon to nadaijin.[4]
  • 1383 (Kōwa 3): Emperor Go-Kameyama ascends southern throne.[5]

Notes edit

  1. ^ Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "Nengō" in Japan encyclopedia, p. 566; n.b., Louis-Frédéric is pseudonym of Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum, see Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File Archived 2012-05-24 at archive.today.
  2. ^ Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du japon, pp. 310-327.
  3. ^ a b c Thomas, Julia Adeney. (2001). Reconfiguring modernity: concepts of nature in Japanese political ideology, p. 199 n57, citing Mehl, Margaret. (1997). History and the State in Nineteenth-Century Japan. p. 140-147.
  4. ^ a b c d Titsingh, p. 316.
  5. ^ Ackroyd, Joyce. (1982) Lessons from History: The "Tokushi Yoron", p. 329.

References edit

  • Ackroyd, Joyce. (1982) Lessons from History: The Tokushi Yoron. Brisbane: University of Queensland Press. ISBN 978-0-7022-1485-1
  • Mehl, Margaret. (1997). History and the State in Nineteenth-Century Japan. New York: St Martin's Press. ISBN 978-0-312-21160-8; OCLC 419870136
  • Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). Japan Encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5; OCLC 48943301
  • Thomas, Julia Adeney. (2001). Reconfiguring Modernity: Concepts of Nature in Japanese Political Ideology. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-22854-2; OCLC 47916285
  • Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Nihon Odai Ichiran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 5850691
Preceded by Era or nengō
Kōwa
1381–1384 		Succeeded by

February 27, 2024
kōwa, muromachi, period, kōwa, 弘和, japanese, name, 年号, nengō, year, name, southern, court, during, northern, southern, courts, after, tenju, before, genchū, this, period, spanned, years, from, february, 1381, april, 1384, southern, court, emperors, yoshino, du. Kōwa 弘和 was a Japanese era name 年号 nengō lit year name of the Southern Court during the Era of Northern and Southern Courts after Tenju and before Genchu This period spanned the years from February 1381 to April 1384 1 The Southern Court emperors in Yoshino during this time frame were Emperor Chōkei 長慶天皇 Chōkei tennō and Emperor Go Kameyama 後亀山天皇 Go Kameyama tennō The Northern court emperors in Kyoto were Emperor Go En yu 後円融天皇 Go En yu tennō and Emperor Go Komatsu 後小松天皇 Go Komatsu tennō 2 Contents 1 Nanboku chō overview 2 Change of era 3 Events of the Kōwa Era 4 Notes 5 ReferencesNanboku chō overview edit nbsp The Imperial seats during the Nanboku chō period were in relatively close proximity but geographically distinct They were conventionally identified as Northern capital KyotoSouthern capital Yoshino During the Meiji period an Imperial decree dated March 3 1911 established that the legitimate reigning monarchs of this period were the direct descendants of Emperor Go Daigo through Emperor Go Murakami whose Southern Court 南朝 nanchō had been established in exile in Yoshino near Nara 3 Until the end of the Edo period the militarily superior pretender Emperors supported by the Ashikaga shogunate had been mistakenly incorporated in Imperial chronologies despite the undisputed fact that the Imperial Regalia were not in their possession 3 This illegitimate Northern Court 北朝 hokuchō had been established in Kyoto by Ashikaga Takauji 3 Change of era edit1381 also called Kōwa gannen 弘和元年 The new era name was created to mark an event or series of events The previous era ended and the new one commenced in Tenju 7 4 In this time frame Eitoku 1381 1384 was the Southern Court equivalent nengō Events of the Kōwa Era edit1381 Kōwa 1 The emperor travels in procession to see Ashikaga Yoshimitsu at his palacial home in Muromachi 4 1381 Kōwa 1 the kampaku Nijō Yoshimoto is elevated to the position of daijō daijin Yoshimitsu is raised to the Imperial court position of nadaijin at the young age of 24 Yoshimoto and Yoshimitsu work well in harmony together 4 1382 Kōwa 2 Yoshimitsu is raised to the court position of sadaijin and several days later he was named General of the Left sadaisho In this same period Fujiwara no Sanetoki is elevated from the position of dainagon to nadaijin 4 1383 Kōwa 3 Emperor Go Kameyama ascends southern throne 5 Notes edit Nussbaum Louis Frederic 2005 Nengō in Japan encyclopedia p 566 n b Louis Frederic is pseudonym of Louis Frederic Nussbaum see Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Authority File Archived 2012 05 24 at archive today Titsingh Isaac 1834 Annales des empereurs du japon pp 310 327 a b c Thomas Julia Adeney 2001 Reconfiguring modernity concepts of nature in Japanese political ideology p 199 n57 citing Mehl Margaret 1997 History and the State in Nineteenth Century Japan p 140 147 a b c d Titsingh p 316 Ackroyd Joyce 1982 Lessons from History The Tokushi Yoron p 329 References editAckroyd Joyce 1982 Lessons from History The Tokushi Yoron Brisbane University of Queensland Press ISBN 978 0 7022 1485 1 Mehl Margaret 1997 History and the State in Nineteenth Century Japan New York St Martin s Press ISBN 978 0 312 21160 8 OCLC 419870136 Nussbaum Louis Frederic and Kathe Roth 2005 Japan Encyclopedia Cambridge Harvard University Press ISBN 978 0 674 01753 5 OCLC 48943301 Thomas Julia Adeney 2001 Reconfiguring Modernity Concepts of Nature in Japanese Political Ideology Berkeley University of California Press ISBN 978 0 520 22854 2 OCLC 47916285 Titsingh Isaac 1834 Nihon Odai Ichiran ou Annales des empereurs du Japon Paris Royal Asiatic Society Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland OCLC 5850691Preceded byTenju Era or nengōKōwa1381 1384 Succeeded byGenchu Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Kōwa Muromachi period amp oldid 1169139110, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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