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Anatole-Joseph Toulotte

April 11, 2024

Anatole-Joseph Toulotte (7 January 1852 – 23 January 1907) was a French White Fathers missionary who was Vicar Apostolic of Sahara and Sudan from 1893 to 1897. Under his leadership the first White Fathers missions were established in the French Sudan (Mali) at Ségou and Timbuktu. A solitary, ascetic person, he was not a natural leader and drove himself too hard without regard for his health. He retired in 1897 due to physical and mental exhaustion after a long trip in West Africa. He is known as coauthor of a monumental history of Christian Africa in ancient times.

Bishop

Anatole-Joseph Toulotte

M. Afr.
Vicar Apostolic of Sahara and Sudan
ChurchCatholic Church
DioceseSahara and Sudan
Appointed4 March 1893
Retired18 October 1897
PredecessorCharles Lavigerie
SuccessorAugustin Hacquard
Orders
Ordination12 July 1891
Consecration4 March 1893
by Barthélemy Clément Combes
Personal details
Born(1852-01-07)7 January 1852
Lisbourg, Pas-de-Calais, France
Died23 January 1907(1907-01-23) (aged 55)
Rome, Italy
NationalityFrench
DenominationChristian
OccupationMissionary

Life edit

Early years (1852–74) edit

Anatole-Joseph Toulotte was born on 7 January 1852 in Lisbourg, Pas-de-Calais, in the diocese of Arras.[1] He attended the college of Montreuil, Pas-de-Calais, for his secondary education. He entered the Grand Seminary of Arras in 1871. He was inspired by a visit of Father Félix Charmetant(fr) and decided to become a missionary. He arrived in Algiers in February 1873 with his co-student Léonce Bridoux, the future bishop, to begin his novitiate.[2] He was ordained a priest of the White Fathers on 24 October 1874.[1]

Missionary (1874–91) edit

Toulotte perfected his Arabic and taught this language in the novitiate. In 1875 he was elected a member of the General Council of the White Fathers, and was also given direction of the Arab novitiate or Petit Noviciat. He was then assigned to the Sahara for two years, where he met the young Father Siméon Lourdel.[2] After this he was assigned to Jerusalem as part of the first team of White Fathers in this city, where he remained for two years. He showed great ability for the study of languages and ancient documents.[2] He was somewhat solitary and ascetic, and did not always fit well into the life of the community. In September 1880 he was named assistant general and returned to Algiers, where Cardinal Charles Lavigerie gave him direction of the novitiate.[2]

A few months later Toulotte volunteered to leave in a planned caravan to Equatorial Africa. Lavigerie named him superior of the fourth caravan but then, perhaps due to shortage of personnel, cancelled this appointment and asked him to return to Jerusalem. Two years later in 1884 Toulotte was assigned to La Marsa, near Tunis, with three other researchers. They were tasked with preparing publication of a monumental history of ancient Christian Africa. He continued this work in Rome in a new community established there in 1886.[2]

Apostolic vicariate (1891–97) edit

The Apostolic Prefecture of the Sahara and the Sudan became an apostolic vicariate in 1891. Lavigerie appointed Toulotte the coadjutor bishop.[3] He left Rome to take up this position.[2] Toulotte was a meticulous academic and a solitary ascetic, not a leader.[4] The cardinal would have preferred the more outgoing Augustin Hacquard to head the apostolic vicariate, but the White Fathers council had selected Toulotte due to his saintly reputation.[5] Toulotte became Apostolic Administrator of Sahara and Sudan on 29 May 1891.[1] On 2 June 1891 he was appointed Titular Bishop of Thagaste. He was ordained in the cathedral of Algiers in the Archdiocese of Algiers on 12 July 1891.[1][a]

Lavigerie died at Algiers on 26 November 1892.[7] Toulotte automatically became Vicar Apostolic after the cardinal's death.[4] Toulotte was appointed Vicar Apostolic of Sahara and Sudan on 4 March 1893. His principal consecrator was Barthélemy Clément Combes, Bishop of Constantine.[1] At this time the vicariate had five missions in the M'zab but none in the Sudan.[4] Toulotte based himself at Ghardaïa, Algeria, and travelled widely to visit the existing White Fathers missions and to found new ones.[2]

Toulotte decided to organize a mission in the Sudan, and in 1894 was given permission to enter the Sudan from Senegal with a mission headed by a Frenchman.[8] The Ministry of the Colonies issued the authorization on 9 November 1894 and on 25 December 1894 the first caravan, four White Fathers, left from Marseille. Hacquard was the leader of this group, which reached Ségou on the Niger River on 1 April 1895.[5] Toulotte visited Ségou and Timbuktu in 1896–97.[9] The long trip of several months took him to the loop of the Niger River and to the Atlantic coast at Conakry in what is now Guinea. He was ascetic and unsparing of his health, and at the end of this trip was exhausted and on the verge of a nervous breakdown.[2]

Last years (1897–1907) edit

On his return to Europe Toulotte said he wanted to retire. His request was immediately accepted by the Holy See on the advice of Bishop Léon Livinhac, superior of the White Fathers, who had noted his extreme physical and mental exhaustion.[10] Toulotte resigned on 18 October 1897.[1] He was succeeded by Hacquard.[8] Toulotte retired to Rome, where he recovered his health while living an almost hermit-like life.[10] Anatole-Joseph Toulotte died in Rome on 23 January 1907.[11][1] He left a reputation of great sanctity.[10]

Publications edit

Publications by Anatole Toulotte include:[11]

  • Mesnage, Joseph; Toulotte, Anatole (1912), L'Afrique chrétienne : évêchés et ruines antiques, Description de l'Afrique du Nord. Musées et collections archéologiques de l'Algérie et de la Tunisie, vol. 17, d'après les manuscrits de Mgr Toulotte et les découvertes archéologiques les plus récentes ; par le P. J. Mesnage, Paris: E. Leroux, p. 592
  • Toulotte, Anatole; Morcelli, Stefano Antonio (1892–1894), Géographie de l'Afrique chrétienne, vol. 1–4, Rennes / Montreuil-sur-Mer: impr. de Oberthur / Impr. de Notre-Dame des Prés

Notes edit

  1. ^ The Frères Armés du Sahara made their first appearance at the July 1891 ceremony where Lavigerie consecrated Toulotte as coadjutor. This was a force of lay brothers dedicated to liberating and protecting slaves. They wore what has been called a "comic opera uniform", with a red cross on the chest and a gold cross surmounted by a red plume on the helmet. The French press ridiculed and reviled the "Catholic brigands of the Sahara", who were disbanded in October 1892.[6]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g Cheney 2018.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h Ceillier 2008, p. 161.
  3. ^ Shorter 2011, p. 65.
  4. ^ a b c Shorter 2011, p. 14.
  5. ^ a b Vanrenterghem 2005.
  6. ^ Shorter 2011, pp. 137–138.
  7. ^ Barwick 1911.
  8. ^ a b Shorter 2003.
  9. ^ Shorter 2011, p. 64.
  10. ^ a b c Ceillier 2008, p. 162.
  11. ^ a b Anatole Toulotte (1852-1907) – BnF.

Sources edit

  • Anatole Toulotte (1852-1907) (in French), BnF: Bibliotheque nationale de France, retrieved 3 March 2018
  • Barwick, George Frederick (1911), "Lavigerie, Charles Martial Allemand" , in Chisholm, Hugh (ed.), Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 16 (11th ed.), Cambridge University Press, pp. 293–294
  • Ceillier, Jean-Claude (2008), Histoire des missionnaires d'Afrique (Pères blancs): de la fondation par Mgr Lavigerie à la mort du fondateur (1868-1892) (in French), KARTHALA Editions, ISBN 978-2-84586-983-7, retrieved 3 March 2018
  • Cheney, David M. (January 2018), "Bishop Anatole-Joseph Toulotte, M. Afr. †", Catholic Hierarchy, retrieved 3 March 2018
  • Shorter, Aylward (2003), "Hacquard, Prosper Augustin", Dictionary of African Christian Biography, retrieved 18 February 2018
  • Shorter, Aylward (5 December 2011), Les Pères Blancs au temps de la conquête coloniale. Histoire des Missionnaires d'Afrique 1892-1914 (in French), ISBN 978-2-8111-5003-7, retrieved 3 March 2018
  • Vanrenterghem, Joseph (February 2005), MONSEIGNEUR AUGUSTIN HACQUARD (in French), Bry-sur-Marne: Pères Blancs, retrieved 17 February 2018

Further reading edit

  • Jean-Claude Ceillier (2006), Mgr Anatole-Joseph Toulotte : membre de l'équipe de fondation de Ste-Anne de Jérusalem, successeur du cardinal Lavigerie comme vicaire apostolique du Sahara-Soudan, Rome: Société des Missionnaires d'Afrique, p. 68

April 11, 2024
anatole, joseph, toulotte, january, 1852, january, 1907, french, white, fathers, missionary, vicar, apostolic, sahara, sudan, from, 1893, 1897, under, leadership, first, white, fathers, missions, were, established, french, sudan, mali, ségou, timbuktu, solitar. Anatole Joseph Toulotte 7 January 1852 23 January 1907 was a French White Fathers missionary who was Vicar Apostolic of Sahara and Sudan from 1893 to 1897 Under his leadership the first White Fathers missions were established in the French Sudan Mali at Segou and Timbuktu A solitary ascetic person he was not a natural leader and drove himself too hard without regard for his health He retired in 1897 due to physical and mental exhaustion after a long trip in West Africa He is known as coauthor of a monumental history of Christian Africa in ancient times BishopAnatole Joseph ToulotteM Afr Vicar Apostolic of Sahara and SudanChurchCatholic ChurchDioceseSahara and SudanAppointed4 March 1893Retired18 October 1897PredecessorCharles LavigerieSuccessorAugustin HacquardOrdersOrdination12 July 1891Consecration4 March 1893by Barthelemy Clement CombesPersonal detailsBorn 1852 01 07 7 January 1852Lisbourg Pas de Calais FranceDied23 January 1907 1907 01 23 aged 55 Rome ItalyNationalityFrenchDenominationChristianOccupationMissionary Contents 1 Life 1 1 Early years 1852 74 1 2 Missionary 1874 91 1 3 Apostolic vicariate 1891 97 1 4 Last years 1897 1907 2 Publications 3 Notes 4 Sources 5 Further readingLife editEarly years 1852 74 edit Anatole Joseph Toulotte was born on 7 January 1852 in Lisbourg Pas de Calais in the diocese of Arras 1 He attended the college of Montreuil Pas de Calais for his secondary education He entered the Grand Seminary of Arras in 1871 He was inspired by a visit of Father Felix Charmetant fr and decided to become a missionary He arrived in Algiers in February 1873 with his co student Leonce Bridoux the future bishop to begin his novitiate 2 He was ordained a priest of the White Fathers on 24 October 1874 1 Missionary 1874 91 edit Toulotte perfected his Arabic and taught this language in the novitiate In 1875 he was elected a member of the General Council of the White Fathers and was also given direction of the Arab novitiate or Petit Noviciat He was then assigned to the Sahara for two years where he met the young Father Simeon Lourdel 2 After this he was assigned to Jerusalem as part of the first team of White Fathers in this city where he remained for two years He showed great ability for the study of languages and ancient documents 2 He was somewhat solitary and ascetic and did not always fit well into the life of the community In September 1880 he was named assistant general and returned to Algiers where Cardinal Charles Lavigerie gave him direction of the novitiate 2 A few months later Toulotte volunteered to leave in a planned caravan to Equatorial Africa Lavigerie named him superior of the fourth caravan but then perhaps due to shortage of personnel cancelled this appointment and asked him to return to Jerusalem Two years later in 1884 Toulotte was assigned to La Marsa near Tunis with three other researchers They were tasked with preparing publication of a monumental history of ancient Christian Africa He continued this work in Rome in a new community established there in 1886 2 Apostolic vicariate 1891 97 edit The Apostolic Prefecture of the Sahara and the Sudan became an apostolic vicariate in 1891 Lavigerie appointed Toulotte the coadjutor bishop 3 He left Rome to take up this position 2 Toulotte was a meticulous academic and a solitary ascetic not a leader 4 The cardinal would have preferred the more outgoing Augustin Hacquard to head the apostolic vicariate but the White Fathers council had selected Toulotte due to his saintly reputation 5 Toulotte became Apostolic Administrator of Sahara and Sudan on 29 May 1891 1 On 2 June 1891 he was appointed Titular Bishop of Thagaste He was ordained in the cathedral of Algiers in the Archdiocese of Algiers on 12 July 1891 1 a Lavigerie died at Algiers on 26 November 1892 7 Toulotte automatically became Vicar Apostolic after the cardinal s death 4 Toulotte was appointed Vicar Apostolic of Sahara and Sudan on 4 March 1893 His principal consecrator was Barthelemy Clement Combes Bishop of Constantine 1 At this time the vicariate had five missions in the M zab but none in the Sudan 4 Toulotte based himself at Ghardaia Algeria and travelled widely to visit the existing White Fathers missions and to found new ones 2 Toulotte decided to organize a mission in the Sudan and in 1894 was given permission to enter the Sudan from Senegal with a mission headed by a Frenchman 8 The Ministry of the Colonies issued the authorization on 9 November 1894 and on 25 December 1894 the first caravan four White Fathers left from Marseille Hacquard was the leader of this group which reached Segou on the Niger River on 1 April 1895 5 Toulotte visited Segou and Timbuktu in 1896 97 9 The long trip of several months took him to the loop of the Niger River and to the Atlantic coast at Conakry in what is now Guinea He was ascetic and unsparing of his health and at the end of this trip was exhausted and on the verge of a nervous breakdown 2 Last years 1897 1907 edit On his return to Europe Toulotte said he wanted to retire His request was immediately accepted by the Holy See on the advice of Bishop Leon Livinhac superior of the White Fathers who had noted his extreme physical and mental exhaustion 10 Toulotte resigned on 18 October 1897 1 He was succeeded by Hacquard 8 Toulotte retired to Rome where he recovered his health while living an almost hermit like life 10 Anatole Joseph Toulotte died in Rome on 23 January 1907 11 1 He left a reputation of great sanctity 10 Publications editPublications by Anatole Toulotte include 11 Mesnage Joseph Toulotte Anatole 1912 L Afrique chretienne eveches et ruines antiques Description de l Afrique du Nord Musees et collections archeologiques de l Algerie et de la Tunisie vol 17 d apres les manuscrits de Mgr Toulotte et les decouvertes archeologiques les plus recentes par le P J Mesnage Paris E Leroux p 592 Toulotte Anatole Morcelli Stefano Antonio 1892 1894 Geographie de l Afrique chretienne vol 1 4 Rennes Montreuil sur Mer impr de Oberthur Impr de Notre Dame des PresNotes edit The Freres Armes du Sahara made their first appearance at the July 1891 ceremony where Lavigerie consecrated Toulotte as coadjutor This was a force of lay brothers dedicated to liberating and protecting slaves They wore what has been called a comic opera uniform with a red cross on the chest and a gold cross surmounted by a red plume on the helmet The French press ridiculed and reviled the Catholic brigands of the Sahara who were disbanded in October 1892 6 a b c d e f g Cheney 2018 a b c d e f g h Ceillier 2008 p 161 Shorter 2011 p 65 a b c Shorter 2011 p 14 a b Vanrenterghem 2005 Shorter 2011 pp 137 138 Barwick 1911 a b Shorter 2003 Shorter 2011 p 64 a b c Ceillier 2008 p 162 a b Anatole Toulotte 1852 1907 BnF Sources editAnatole Toulotte 1852 1907 in French BnF Bibliotheque nationale de France retrieved 3 March 2018 Barwick George Frederick 1911 Lavigerie Charles Martial Allemand in Chisholm Hugh ed Encyclopaedia Britannica vol 16 11th ed Cambridge University Press pp 293 294 Ceillier Jean Claude 2008 Histoire des missionnaires d Afrique Peres blancs de la fondation par Mgr Lavigerie a la mort du fondateur 1868 1892 in French KARTHALA Editions ISBN 978 2 84586 983 7 retrieved 3 March 2018 Cheney David M January 2018 Bishop Anatole Joseph Toulotte M Afr Catholic Hierarchy retrieved 3 March 2018 Shorter Aylward 2003 Hacquard Prosper Augustin Dictionary of African Christian Biography retrieved 18 February 2018 Shorter Aylward 5 December 2011 Les Peres Blancs au temps de la conquete coloniale Histoire des Missionnaires d Afrique 1892 1914 in French ISBN 978 2 8111 5003 7 retrieved 3 March 2018 Vanrenterghem Joseph February 2005 MONSEIGNEUR AUGUSTIN HACQUARD in French Bry sur Marne Peres Blancs retrieved 17 February 2018Further reading editJean Claude Ceillier 2006 Mgr Anatole Joseph Toulotte membre de l equipe de fondation de Ste Anne de Jerusalem successeur du cardinal Lavigerie comme vicaire apostolique du Sahara Soudan Rome Societe des Missionnaires d Afrique p 68 Portals nbsp Biography nbsp Catholicism nbsp France Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Anatole Joseph Toulotte amp oldid 1023367185, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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