Joel H. Johnson
Joel Hills Johnson (March 23, 1802 – September 24, 1882) was a Latter-day Saint missionary and hymn writer, known for being the author of "High on the Mountain Top" (hymn no. 5 in the 1985 LDS hymnbook, English edition). Johnson was also the founder of Enoch, Utah, and the founder of the ghosttown Johnson, Utah.
| Joel H. Johnson | |
|---|---|
| Personal details | |
| Born | March 23, 1802 Grafton, Massachusetts, United States |
| Died | September 24, 1882 (aged 80) Kane County, Utah Territory, United States |
| Resting place | Johnson Cemetery 37°27′25″N 112°26′59″W / 37.4569°N 112.4496°W |
| Occupation | Hymn Writer |
| Spouse(s) | Anna Pixley Susan Bryant Lucina Alzina Bascom Janet Fife Margaret Threlkeld |
Early life edit
Johnson was born in Grafton, Massachusetts.[1] His parents were Ezekiel Johnson and Julia Hills. When Johnson was still a child, his family moved to Vermont. Johnson eventually moved to Cincinnati and then back east to Pomfret, New York.
Latter-day Saints edit
Around the year 1830, Johnson sold his farm in Pomfret and moved to Amherst, Ohio.[2] It was in Amherst where Johnson was baptized a member of the Church of Christ on June 1, 1831.[3] Soon afterwards, he became president of the church's Amherst branch. He went on a mission to New York in 1832.
Kirtland and Ramus edit
In 1833, Johnson moved to Kirtland, Ohio, where he operated a saw mill. He went on another mission to both Ohio and Kentucky in 1835 during which he engaged in strong debates with Campbellites, on one occasion turning their rejection of Aaronic and Melchezidek priesthood on its head by insisting if not in either of these orders their leaders must be of the order of the priests of Baal.[4] and often preached and baptized in the vicinity of Kirtland.[1] Johnson was an organizer of the Kirtland Camp in 1838. He stopped at Springfield, Illinois, and did not continue to Missouri, thus avoiding the Mormon War of 1838. He organized a branch in Springfield and became the first Latter Day Saint to preach in Carthage, Illinois.[1] The main reason that Johnson had stopped in Illinois and not continued west was that he had care of the sick coming from Kirtland. He energetically preached the gospel in Carthage and felt he won many people in that area to be friendly to the Mormons cause.[5]
Johnson later had a large amount of success in baptizing families that lived along Crooked Creek. In April 1839 he organized these converts as the Crooked Creek Branch. After this, Johnson directed his new converts in the forming of the town of Ramus (now Webster, Illinois).[6][7] In February 1840 Johnson moved to the area, where he purchased a sawmill. The Ramus Stake was organized on July 4, 1840, with Johnson as president.[8] After this the stake under Johnson's direction set about laying out a town site.[9]
In 1846, mobs forced Johnson to flee Ramus and move to Knox County, Illinois.[3] He later joined the Saints at Winter Quarters, Nebraska.
Book of Mormon edit
A poem written in 1841 by Johnson is sometimes used by opponents of the authenticity of the Book of Mormon to demonstrate that Oliver Cowdery at times wavered in his testimony as one of the Three Witnesses of the Book of Mormon:[10] "... Or prove the gospel was not true / Because old Paul the Saints could kill? / Because the Jews its author slew, / and now reject their Saviour still? … / Or Book of Mormon not his word / because denied by Oliver?"[11]
Defenders of Cowdery argue that to Johnson, supporting the Book of Mormon and following the leaders of the church were one and the same, and that in 1841 Cowdery had been excommunicated from the church. They also note that the use of "denied" in the poem may mean to set aside, and not to speak against, and that this poem involves many statements that are not strictly true, such as that Paul had killed Christians. In other words, it is argued that poetry should not be taken as analytical evidence when it has not been collaborated.[3][10]
Salt Lake City edit
Johnson arrived in Salt Lake City on October 11, 1848. He crossed the plains in Willard Richards' company.[12] He served as a justice of the peace and as bishop of the Mill Creek Ward. Johnson built a saw mill in Mill Creek Ward from 1849 to 1851 at the mouth of Mill Creek Canyon.[13][14]
In 1849 and 1850, Johnson served in the Utah Territorial Legislature.[1]
Enoch, Utah edit
Johnson was the founder of Enoch, Utah, settling there in 1851. When other settlers arrived in 1854, they built a fort which they named "Johnson's Fort". Before it became Enoch it was named Elk Horn Springs.[15]
Johnson later helped settle southern Utah. In 1853, he was appointed to serve as a missionary among the Piedes of Iron County, Utah.[16]
Poetry and hymns edit
Johnson was a prolific poet and hymn writer. His journal contains 736 hymns.[1] Collections of his writings were published in the pamphlet "Voice from the Mountains" in 1881 and a 344-page book of poems in 1882. His most sung hymn, "High on the Mountain Top", was written on February 19, 1853.[1] Other estimates place Johnson's total work in writing hymn texts and poems at about 1,000.[17] The only other hymn by Johnson in the current English edition of the LDS Church hymnal is "The Glorious Gospel Light Has Shone" (no. 283).
Personal life edit
Johnson was a polygamist and married five women. He married Anna Pixley Johnson on November 22, 1826.[1] He married Susan Bryant on October 20, 1840. He married Lucina Alzina Bascom, age 29 and Janet Fife, age 17, on October 25, 1845. Both Bascom and Bryant later divorced from him. Bryant died April 7, 1896, in the Mormon colonies in Mexico and Bascom died October 5, 1885, in Provo, Utah Territory. In 1861, at age 58, he married 20-year-old Margaret Threlkeld. Johnson fathered 25 children[18] and was the brother of Benjamin F. Johnson.[19] Johnson maintained a journal in which was found the earliest source for the interpretation of "hot drinks" in the Word of Wisdom meaning coffee and tea.[20] Johnson has been included in a list of "75 significant Mormon poets."[21]
Death edit
Johnson died September 24, 1882, in Johnson, Utah Territory (now Kane County, Utah)[1] at age 80.
References edit
- ^ a b c d e f g h Cornwall, J. Spencer. Stories of Our Mormon Hymns (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 1975) pp. 69-71.
- ^ Leonard J. Arrington; Davis Bitton. "Saints without Halos : The Human Side of Mormon History". Saintswithouthalos.com. Retrieved 24 August 2018.
- ^ a b c Matthew Roper (Fall 1993), (PDF), Journal of Book of Mormon Studies, vol. 2, no. 2, FARMS, p. 173, archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-09-25, retrieved 2009-11-05
- ^ Terryl L. Givens. Feeding the Flock New York: Oxford University Press, 2017. P. 111
- ^ Rugh, "Conflict in the Countryside", p. 152
- ^ Donald Q. Cannon, "Spokes on the Wheel: Early Latter-day Saint Settlements in Hancock County, Illinois", Ensign, February 1986.
- ^ Rugh, Susan Sessions (24 August 1991). "Conflict in the Countryside: The Mormon Settlement at Macedonia, Illinois". Brigham Young University Studies. 32 (1/2): 149–174. JSTOR 43044969.
- ^ Deseret News Church Almanac', 2006 edition, p. 207.
- ^ Rugh, "Conflict in the Countryside", p. 153
- ^ a b "I Have a Question", Ensign, April 1987.
- ^ Times and Seasons (July 15, 1841) 2:482.
- ^ . Lds.org. Archived from the original on 7 June 2011. Retrieved 24 August 2018.
- ^ Jenson, Andrew. Latter-day Saint Biographical Encyclopedia (Salt Lake City: Deseret News Press, 1936) p. 444
- ^ . Archived from the original on 2008-05-17. Retrieved 2007-10-20.
- ^ "Utah History Resource Center". Archive.today. 8 July 2012. Archived from the original on 8 July 2012. Retrieved 24 August 2018.
- ^ Larson, Andrew Karl. Erastus Snow: The Life of a Missionary and Pioneer for the Early Mormon Church. (Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1971) p. 251
- ^ Jerry Earl Johnson, "Joel Johnson's hymn is one in 1,000,000" in Deseret News, Aug 31, 2016
- ^ "Family Notes". Sonsofjoel.net. Retrieved 24 August 2018.
- ^ Johnson, Benjamin F. (1947). My Life's Review. Independence, MO: Zion's Printing & Publishing Co. p. 7.
- ^ "Word of Wisdom, Caffeine and Hypocrisy". Fairmormon.org. Retrieved 24 August 2018.
- ^ "75 Significant Mormon Poets". Mormonlit.lib.byu.edu. Retrieved 24 August 2018.