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Jeff Carroll

January 01, 1970

This article is about the scientist and Huntington's disease advocate. For the soccer player, see Jeff Carroll (soccer). For the basketball player, see Jeffrey Carroll (basketball).

Jeffrey Bryan Carroll is an American scientific researcher in the field of Huntington's disease (HD).[1] As a carrier of the abnormal gene that causes HD,[2] he is also a public advocate for families affected by the disease, and co-founder of the HD research news platform HDBuzz.[3] His life and work were the subject of a 2011 Gemini award-nominated[4][5] CBC documentary feature.[6] Carroll is an Associate Professor of neuroscience in the Department of Biology at the University of Washington

Jeff Carroll
Jeff Carroll in Prague, 2009
Born
Jeffrey Bryan Carroll

(1977-08-28) August 28, 1977 (age 46)
Seattle, Washington
OccupationScientific researcher
Known forHuntington's disease research and advocacy

Early life and family history edit

Born in Seattle on August 18, 1977 to parents Cindy and Jim, Carroll is one of six siblings.[2][6] He joined the US Army in 1998, serving in Kosovo.[2][6] While serving in the army, Carroll's mother was diagnosed as suffering from Huntington's disease (HD), a fatal, incurable, genetically inherited neurodegenerative illness.[2][6] Learning that he and his siblings were each at 50% risk of having inherited the genetic abnormality that causes HD, and having no scientific background, Carroll enrolled in an Army-sponsored basic biology course, initiating a career as a neuroscientist.[2][6]

Carroll underwent genetic testing for Huntington's disease in 2003 and received a positive result, indicating that he will succumb to the disease at some time, unless effective treatments are found.[2][6]

Scientific career edit

On leaving the US Army in 2001, Carroll joined an undergraduate biology program at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, followed by a doctoral program in UBC's Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics in the laboratory of Dr Michael Hayden.[2][6] Carroll gained a PhD in 2010 for his research into Huntington's disease, including work on the YAC128 HD mouse model,[7][8][9][10][11][12] the role of caspase 6 in HD,[13] genetic variation in the human HD gene[14] and the potential of allele-specific gene silencing using antisense oligonucleotides as a treatment for the condition.[15]

As a postdoctoral researcher, Carroll worked in the laboratory of Dr Marcy MacDonald at Harvard University[16] on metabolic abnormalities in Huntington's disease before moving to Western Washington University in 2011 where he is a Visiting Professor in the Department of Psychology and continues to conduct research into Huntington's disease.[1]

Huntington's disease advocacy edit

Accurately communicating research to the affected community is a moral obligation of the scientific community ... a work of science isn't complete until this has been done.

— Jeff Carroll, Trends in Molecular Medicine, 2011[16]

As a carrier of the gene that inevitably causes the fatal condition that forms the subject of his scientific research, Carroll is a frequent speaker at scientific and patient conferences and congresses, on issues relating to living at risk of HD, the mutual interdependence of science and patient communities, preimplantation genetic diagnosis and the controversial issue of predictive genetic testing for HD. He delivered keynote addresses at the 2009 World Congress on Huntington's Disease in Vancouver[17] and the 2010 Annual Convention of the Huntington's Disease Society of America.[2]

Carroll is also a prominent scientific educator and an advocate for accessible education of the public by scientists. In an editorial in the scientific journal Trends in Molecular Medicine, he argued that "accurately communicating research to the affected community is a moral obligation of the scientific community ... a work of science isn't complete until this has been done."[16] Alongside clinical researcher Dr Ed Wild and Emmy award-winning journalist and HD patient advocate Charles Sabine, Carroll has delivered plain-language digests of research news for patients and family members at major scientific conferences, including the 2009[18] and 2011[19] World Congresses on Huntington's Disease in Vancouver and Prague, and the 2010 European Huntington's Disease Network Annual Congress.[20]

In 2010, Carroll's life, work and family were the subject of an episode of the CBC News Network documentary Connect with Mark Kelley, entitled "Fighting Huntington's disease".[6] The episode was nominated for a Gemini Award for 'Best Lifestyle/Practical Information Segment'.[4][5]

In 2011, with financial support from the national Huntington's disease lay organizations of the US,[21] Canada,[22] England & Wales,[23] Scotland[24] and Germany,[25] Carroll and Wild co-founded HDBuzz, an online source of accessible news about Huntington's disease research, written by scientists.[3][16] HDBuzz was awarded the HD Association of Northern Ireland's 2011 Award for Scientific Communication[26] and the 2012 Michael Wright Community Development Award from the Huntington Society of Canada.[27] HDBuzz was the subject of an article in the scientific journal Trends in Molecular Medicine in October 2011 entitled 'HDBuzz: empowering patients through accessible education'.[16]

Carroll's life, family and research were the subject of the 2012 documentary feature film Do You Really Want to Know?, directed by Academy Award-winning Canadian film maker John Zaritsky and screened at the DOXA Documentary Film Festival. The film won several awards, including Best Documentary at the 2012 Okanagan Film Festival, Best Science / Medicine Technology Documentary and Best Non-fiction Director at the 2012 Yorkton Film Festival and Best Science / Technology Film at the 2012 Columbus International Film Festival.[28][29][30] Carroll was also the subject of a November 2012 feature on CBC radio show DNTO.[31]

Along with HDBuzz co-founder Dr Ed Wild, Carroll received the 2012 Michael Wright Community Development Award from the Huntington Society of Canada.[27]

Family life edit

Carroll lives in Bellingham, Washington with his wife Megan and two children, Raven and Elijah (born June 27, 2006), non-identical twins born through in-vitro fertilization using pre-implantation genetic diagnosis to ensure that they did not inherit a risk of Huntington's disease.[2][6]

References edit

  1. ^ a b Western Washington University. . WWU. Archived from the original on November 6, 2011. Retrieved November 22, 2011.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Carroll's address to the 2010 Huntington's Disease Society of America Annual Convention". Retrieved November 22, 2011.
  3. ^ a b "HDBuzz". HDBuzz. Retrieved November 22, 2011.
  4. ^ a b "Gemini award nomination for the 'Connect with Mark Kelly' episode featuring Carroll". Gemini awards. Retrieved November 22, 2011.
  5. ^ a b "CBC blog acknowledging Gemini award nomination for documentary about Carroll".
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Connect with Mark Kelley: Fighting Huntington's disease". CBC, Canada. Retrieved November 22, 2011.
  7. ^ 1=Van Raamsdonk, Jeremy M.; Metzler, Martina; Slow, Elizabeth; Pearson, Jacqueline; Schwab, Claudia; Carroll, Jeffrey; Graham, Rona K.; Leavitt, Blair R.; Hayden, Michael R. (2007). "Phenotypic abnormalities in the YAC128 mouse model of Huntington disease are penetrant on multiple genetic backgrounds and modulated by strain". Neurobiology of Disease. 26 (1): 189–200. doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2006.12.010. PMID 17276692. S2CID 10269398.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  8. ^ Valenza, M.; Carroll, J. B.; Leoni, V.; Bertram, L. N.; Bjorkhem, I.; Singaraja, R. R.; Di Donato, S.; Lutjohann, D.; Hayden, M. R.; Cattaneo, E. (June 27, 2007). "Cholesterol biosynthesis pathway is disturbed in YAC128 mice and is modulated by huntingtin mutation". Human Molecular Genetics. 16 (18): 2187–2198. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddm170. PMID 17613541.
  9. ^ Warby, S. C.; Doty, C. N.; Graham, R. K.; Carroll, J. B.; Yang, Y.-Z.; Singaraja, R. R.; Overall, C. M.; Hayden, M. R. (April 17, 2008). "Activated caspase-6 and caspase-6-cleaved fragments of huntingtin specifically colocalize in the nucleus". Human Molecular Genetics. 17 (15): 2390–2404. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddn139. PMID 18445618.
  10. ^ Warby, SC; Montpetit, A; Hayden, AR; Carroll, JB; Butland, SL; Visscher, H; Collins, JA; Semaka, A; Hudson, TJ; Hayden, MR (March 2009). "CAG expansion in the Huntington disease gene is associated with a specific and targetable predisposing haplogroup". American Journal of Human Genetics. 84 (3): 351–66. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.02.003. PMC 2668007. PMID 19249009.
  11. ^ Carroll, JB; Lerch, JP; Franciosi, S; Spreeuw, A; Bissada, N; Henkelman, RM; Hayden, MR (July 2011). "Natural history of disease in the YAC128 mouse reveals a discrete signature of pathology in Huntington disease". Neurobiology of Disease. 43 (1): 257–65. doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2011.03.018. PMID 21458571. S2CID 21218418.
  12. ^ Huang, K; Sanders, SS; Kang, R; Carroll, JB; Sutton, L; Wan, J; Singaraja, R; Young, FB; Liu, L; El-Husseini, A; Davis, NG; Hayden, MR (September 1, 2011). "Wild-type HTT modulates the enzymatic activity of the neuronal palmitoyl transferase HIP14". Human Molecular Genetics. 20 (17): 3356–65. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddr242. PMC 3153302. PMID 21636527.
  13. ^ Joshi, PR; Wu, NP; André, VM; Cummings, DM; Cepeda, C; Joyce, JA; Carroll, JB; Leavitt, BR; Hayden, MR; Levine, MS; Bamford, NS (February 25, 2009). "Age-dependent alterations of corticostriatal activity in the YAC128 mouse model of Huntington disease". The Journal of Neuroscience. 29 (8): 2414–27. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5687-08.2009. PMC 2670193. PMID 19244517.
  14. ^ Valenza, M; Leoni, V; Karasinska, JM; Petricca, L; Fan, J; Carroll, J; Pouladi, MA; Fossale, E; Nguyen, HP; Riess, O; MacDonald, M; Wellington, C; DiDonato, S; Hayden, M; Cattaneo, E (August 11, 2010). "Cholesterol defect is marked across multiple rodent models of Huntington's disease and is manifest in astrocytes". The Journal of Neuroscience. 30 (32): 10844–50. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0917-10.2010. PMC 3842469. PMID 20702713.
  15. ^ Carroll, JB; Warby, SC; Southwell, AL; Doty, CN; Greenlee, S; Skotte, N; Hung, G; Bennett, CF; Freier, SM; Hayden, MR (October 4, 2011). "Potent and Selective Antisense Oligonucleotides Targeting Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Huntington Disease Gene / Allele-Specific Silencing of Mutant Huntingtin". Molecular Therapy. 19 (12): 2178–85. doi:10.1038/mt.2011.201. PMC 3242664. PMID 21971427.
  16. ^ a b c d e Wild, Edward J; Carroll, Jeffrey B (October 1, 2011). "HDBuzz: empowering patients through accessible education" (PDF). Trends in Molecular Medicine. 18 (1): 1–3. doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2011.09.003. PMID 22018672.
  17. ^ "Carroll's address to the 2009 World Congress on Huntington's Disease". Retrieved November 22, 2011.
  18. ^ "Video of Carroll, Sabine and Wild's 'Evening News' feature at the World Congress on HD, 2009". Retrieved November 22, 2011.
  19. ^ "Video of Carroll, Sabine and Wild's news feature 'Oz Buzz' at the 2011 HD World Congress". YouTube. Retrieved November 22, 2011.
  20. ^ "Video of Carroll, Sabine and Wild's presentation at the European Huntington's Disease Network Annual Congress, 2010". YouTube. Retrieved November 22, 2011.
  21. ^ "Huntington's Disease Society of America: HDBuzz research news". HDSA.
  22. ^ . HSC. Archived from the original on October 23, 2011. Retrieved November 22, 2011.
  23. ^ "HDA announces partnership with HDBuzz". HD Association (England & Wales). January 18, 2011. Retrieved November 22, 2011.
  24. ^ "Scottish Huntington's Association: HDBuzz research news". SHA. Retrieved November 22, 2011.
  25. ^ "HDBuzz: Funding". Retrieved November 22, 2011.
  26. ^ . Archived from the original on April 18, 2010. Retrieved November 22, 2011.
  27. ^ a b "Michael Wright Award announcement (Twitter)". Retrieved November 13, 2012.
  28. ^ Takeuchi, Craig (May 3, 2012). "DOXA 2012: Do You Really Want to Know? looks at Huntington's disease's agonizing question". Straight.com. Retrieved May 21, 2012.
  29. ^ "Do You Really Want To Know? Official movie website". Retrieved November 27, 2012.
  30. ^ "Do You Really Want To Know? (Facebook Account)". Facebook. Retrieved November 27, 2012.
  31. ^ "CBC/DNTO: What Happened When You Found A Lost Cause?". Retrieved November 6, 2012.

External links edit

  • HDBuzz, Carroll's Huntington's disease research news platform
  • Carroll Lab - Western Washington University


January 01, 1970
jeff, carroll, this, article, about, scientist, huntington, disease, advocate, soccer, player, soccer, basketball, player, jeffrey, carroll, basketball, jeffrey, bryan, carroll, american, scientific, researcher, field, huntington, disease, carrier, abnormal, g. This article is about the scientist and Huntington s disease advocate For the soccer player see Jeff Carroll soccer For the basketball player see Jeffrey Carroll basketball Jeffrey Bryan Carroll is an American scientific researcher in the field of Huntington s disease HD 1 As a carrier of the abnormal gene that causes HD 2 he is also a public advocate for families affected by the disease and co founder of the HD research news platform HDBuzz 3 His life and work were the subject of a 2011 Gemini award nominated 4 5 CBC documentary feature 6 Carroll is an Associate Professor of neuroscience in the Department of Biology at the University of WashingtonJeff CarrollJeff Carroll in Prague 2009BornJeffrey Bryan Carroll 1977 08 28 August 28 1977 age 46 Seattle WashingtonOccupationScientific researcherKnown forHuntington s disease research and advocacy Contents 1 Early life and family history 2 Scientific career 3 Huntington s disease advocacy 4 Family life 5 References 6 External linksEarly life and family history editBorn in Seattle on August 18 1977 to parents Cindy and Jim Carroll is one of six siblings 2 6 He joined the US Army in 1998 serving in Kosovo 2 6 While serving in the army Carroll s mother was diagnosed as suffering from Huntington s disease HD a fatal incurable genetically inherited neurodegenerative illness 2 6 Learning that he and his siblings were each at 50 risk of having inherited the genetic abnormality that causes HD and having no scientific background Carroll enrolled in an Army sponsored basic biology course initiating a career as a neuroscientist 2 6 Carroll underwent genetic testing for Huntington s disease in 2003 and received a positive result indicating that he will succumb to the disease at some time unless effective treatments are found 2 6 Scientific career editOn leaving the US Army in 2001 Carroll joined an undergraduate biology program at the University of British Columbia Vancouver followed by a doctoral program in UBC s Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics in the laboratory of Dr Michael Hayden 2 6 Carroll gained a PhD in 2010 for his research into Huntington s disease including work on the YAC128 HD mouse model 7 8 9 10 11 12 the role of caspase 6 in HD 13 genetic variation in the human HD gene 14 and the potential of allele specific gene silencing using antisense oligonucleotides as a treatment for the condition 15 As a postdoctoral researcher Carroll worked in the laboratory of Dr Marcy MacDonald at Harvard University 16 on metabolic abnormalities in Huntington s disease before moving to Western Washington University in 2011 where he is a Visiting Professor in the Department of Psychology and continues to conduct research into Huntington s disease 1 Huntington s disease advocacy editAccurately communicating research to the affected community is a moral obligation of the scientific community a work of science isn t complete until this has been done Jeff Carroll Trends in Molecular Medicine 2011 16 As a carrier of the gene that inevitably causes the fatal condition that forms the subject of his scientific research Carroll is a frequent speaker at scientific and patient conferences and congresses on issues relating to living at risk of HD the mutual interdependence of science and patient communities preimplantation genetic diagnosis and the controversial issue of predictive genetic testing for HD He delivered keynote addresses at the 2009 World Congress on Huntington s Disease in Vancouver 17 and the 2010 Annual Convention of the Huntington s Disease Society of America 2 Carroll is also a prominent scientific educator and an advocate for accessible education of the public by scientists In an editorial in the scientific journal Trends in Molecular Medicine he argued that accurately communicating research to the affected community is a moral obligation of the scientific community a work of science isn t complete until this has been done 16 Alongside clinical researcher Dr Ed Wild and Emmy award winning journalist and HD patient advocate Charles Sabine Carroll has delivered plain language digests of research news for patients and family members at major scientific conferences including the 2009 18 and 2011 19 World Congresses on Huntington s Disease in Vancouver and Prague and the 2010 European Huntington s Disease Network Annual Congress 20 In 2010 Carroll s life work and family were the subject of an episode of the CBC News Network documentary Connect with Mark Kelley entitled Fighting Huntington s disease 6 The episode was nominated for a Gemini Award for Best Lifestyle Practical Information Segment 4 5 In 2011 with financial support from the national Huntington s disease lay organizations of the US 21 Canada 22 England amp Wales 23 Scotland 24 and Germany 25 Carroll and Wild co founded HDBuzz an online source of accessible news about Huntington s disease research written by scientists 3 16 HDBuzz was awarded the HD Association of Northern Ireland s 2011 Award for Scientific Communication 26 and the 2012 Michael Wright Community Development Award from the Huntington Society of Canada 27 HDBuzz was the subject of an article in the scientific journal Trends in Molecular Medicine in October 2011 entitled HDBuzz empowering patients through accessible education 16 Carroll s life family and research were the subject of the 2012 documentary feature film Do You Really Want to Know directed by Academy Award winning Canadian film maker John Zaritsky and screened at the DOXA Documentary Film Festival The film won several awards including Best Documentary at the 2012 Okanagan Film Festival Best Science Medicine Technology Documentary and Best Non fiction Director at the 2012 Yorkton Film Festival and Best Science Technology Film at the 2012 Columbus International Film Festival 28 29 30 Carroll was also the subject of a November 2012 feature on CBC radio show DNTO 31 Along with HDBuzz co founder Dr Ed Wild Carroll received the 2012 Michael Wright Community Development Award from the Huntington Society of Canada 27 Family life editCarroll lives in Bellingham Washington with his wife Megan and two children Raven and Elijah born June 27 2006 non identical twins born through in vitro fertilization using pre implantation genetic diagnosis to ensure that they did not inherit a risk of Huntington s disease 2 6 References edit a b Western Washington University Behavioural Neuroscience Faculty WWU Archived from the original on November 6 2011 Retrieved November 22 2011 a b c d e f g h i Carroll s address to the 2010 Huntington s Disease Society of America Annual Convention Retrieved November 22 2011 a b HDBuzz HDBuzz Retrieved November 22 2011 a b Gemini award nomination for the Connect with Mark Kelly episode featuring Carroll Gemini awards Retrieved November 22 2011 a b CBC blog acknowledging Gemini award nomination for documentary about Carroll a b c d e f g h i Connect with Mark Kelley Fighting Huntington s disease CBC Canada Retrieved November 22 2011 1 Van Raamsdonk Jeremy M Metzler Martina Slow Elizabeth Pearson Jacqueline Schwab Claudia Carroll Jeffrey Graham Rona K Leavitt Blair R Hayden Michael R 2007 Phenotypic abnormalities in the YAC128 mouse model of Huntington disease are penetrant on multiple genetic backgrounds and modulated by strain Neurobiology of Disease 26 1 189 200 doi 10 1016 j nbd 2006 12 010 PMID 17276692 S2CID 10269398 a href Template Cite journal html title Template Cite journal cite journal a CS1 maint numeric names authors list link Valenza M Carroll J B Leoni V Bertram L N Bjorkhem I Singaraja R R Di Donato S Lutjohann D Hayden M R Cattaneo E June 27 2007 Cholesterol biosynthesis pathway is disturbed in YAC128 mice and is modulated by huntingtin mutation Human Molecular Genetics 16 18 2187 2198 doi 10 1093 hmg ddm170 PMID 17613541 Warby S C Doty C N Graham R K Carroll J B Yang Y Z Singaraja R R Overall C M Hayden M R April 17 2008 Activated caspase 6 and caspase 6 cleaved fragments of huntingtin specifically colocalize in the nucleus Human Molecular Genetics 17 15 2390 2404 doi 10 1093 hmg ddn139 PMID 18445618 Warby SC Montpetit A Hayden AR Carroll JB Butland SL Visscher H Collins JA Semaka A Hudson TJ Hayden MR March 2009 CAG expansion in the Huntington disease gene is associated with a specific and targetable predisposing haplogroup American Journal of Human Genetics 84 3 351 66 doi 10 1016 j ajhg 2009 02 003 PMC 2668007 PMID 19249009 Carroll JB Lerch JP Franciosi S Spreeuw A Bissada N Henkelman RM Hayden MR July 2011 Natural history of disease in the YAC128 mouse reveals a discrete signature of pathology in Huntington disease Neurobiology of Disease 43 1 257 65 doi 10 1016 j nbd 2011 03 018 PMID 21458571 S2CID 21218418 Huang K Sanders SS Kang R Carroll JB Sutton L Wan J Singaraja R Young FB Liu L El Husseini A Davis NG Hayden MR September 1 2011 Wild type HTT modulates the enzymatic activity of the neuronal palmitoyl transferase HIP14 Human Molecular Genetics 20 17 3356 65 doi 10 1093 hmg ddr242 PMC 3153302 PMID 21636527 Joshi PR Wu NP Andre VM Cummings DM Cepeda C Joyce JA Carroll JB Leavitt BR Hayden MR Levine MS Bamford NS February 25 2009 Age dependent alterations of corticostriatal activity in the YAC128 mouse model of Huntington disease The Journal of Neuroscience 29 8 2414 27 doi 10 1523 JNEUROSCI 5687 08 2009 PMC 2670193 PMID 19244517 Valenza M Leoni V Karasinska JM Petricca L Fan J Carroll J Pouladi MA Fossale E Nguyen HP Riess O MacDonald M Wellington C DiDonato S Hayden M Cattaneo E August 11 2010 Cholesterol defect is marked across multiple rodent models of Huntington s disease and is manifest in astrocytes The Journal of Neuroscience 30 32 10844 50 doi 10 1523 JNEUROSCI 0917 10 2010 PMC 3842469 PMID 20702713 Carroll JB Warby SC Southwell AL Doty CN Greenlee S Skotte N Hung G Bennett CF Freier SM Hayden MR October 4 2011 Potent and Selective Antisense Oligonucleotides Targeting Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the Huntington Disease Gene Allele Specific Silencing of Mutant Huntingtin Molecular Therapy 19 12 2178 85 doi 10 1038 mt 2011 201 PMC 3242664 PMID 21971427 a b c d e Wild Edward J Carroll Jeffrey B October 1 2011 HDBuzz empowering patients through accessible education PDF Trends in Molecular Medicine 18 1 1 3 doi 10 1016 j molmed 2011 09 003 PMID 22018672 Carroll s address to the 2009 World Congress on Huntington s Disease Retrieved November 22 2011 Video of Carroll Sabine and Wild s Evening News feature at the World Congress on HD 2009 Retrieved November 22 2011 Video of Carroll Sabine and Wild s news feature Oz Buzz at the 2011 HD World Congress YouTube Retrieved November 22 2011 Video of Carroll Sabine and Wild s presentation at the European Huntington s Disease Network Annual Congress 2010 YouTube Retrieved November 22 2011 Huntington s Disease Society of America HDBuzz research news HDSA Huntington Society of Canada HDBuzz research news HSC Archived from the original on October 23 2011 Retrieved November 22 2011 HDA announces partnership with HDBuzz HD Association England amp Wales January 18 2011 Retrieved November 22 2011 Scottish Huntington s Association HDBuzz research news SHA Retrieved November 22 2011 HDBuzz Funding Retrieved November 22 2011 HD Association of Northern Ireland 2010 Prize for Scientific Communication Archived from the original on April 18 2010 Retrieved November 22 2011 a b Michael Wright Award announcement Twitter Retrieved November 13 2012 Takeuchi Craig May 3 2012 DOXA 2012 Do You Really Want to Know looks at Huntington s disease s agonizing question Straight com Retrieved May 21 2012 Do You Really Want To Know Official movie website Retrieved November 27 2012 Do You Really Want To Know Facebook Account Facebook Retrieved November 27 2012 CBC DNTO What Happened When You Found A Lost Cause Retrieved November 6 2012 External links edit nbsp Biography portal nbsp Science portal HDBuzz Carroll s Huntington s disease research news platform Carroll Lab Western Washington University Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Jeff Carroll amp oldid 1216039684, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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