Janthinobacterium lividum is an aerobic, Gram-negative, soil-dwelling bacterium that has a distinctive dark-violet (almost black) color, due to a compound called violacein, which is produced when glycerol is metabolized as a carbon source.[2] Violacein has antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal properties. Its antifungal properties are of particular interest, since J. lividum is found on the skin of certain amphibians, including the red-backed salamander (Plethodon cinereus), where it prevents infection by the devastating chytrid fungus (Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis).[3]
The genus name, Janthinobacterium, comes from Latin janthinus, which means "violet" or "violet-blue" + bacterium, which means rod or staff.[4] The species name is also from Latin, lividum, which means "of a blue or leaden color".[5]
J. lividum inhibits the toxic effect and growth of the fungal genus Batrachochytrium. This fungus causes a disease known as chytridiomycosis in amphibians, and is contributing to the massive declines of amphibians around the world, so understanding the uses of these bacteria has been of major interest.
A study conducted in 2009 explored the effects of Bd and the use of J. lividium in the lab for survival. The three experimental treatments were: frogs infected with Bd, frogs given the bacterium J. lividium, and frogs with the given bacterium and then exposed to Bd. Nearly all of the frogs exposed to Bd alone experienced mortality, while none of the other treatments had any deaths. This effectively introduced the use of J. lividium as a possible method for Bd prevention in the lab setting.[7]
Textile dyeingedit
The pigment produced by J. lividum is also being used to colour textile. The biodegradable pigment could be an alternative to synthetic textile dyes that contain harmful chemicals and heavy metals.[8][9]
Referencesedit
^Kämpfer, P.; Falsen, E.; Busse, H. J. (2008). "Reclassification of Pseudomonas mephitica Claydon and Hammer 1939 as a later heterotypic synonym of Janthinobacterium lividum (Eisenberg 1891) De Ley et al. 1978". Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 58 (Pt 1): 136–138. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.65450-0. PMID 18175698.
^Pantanella, F; Berlutti, F; Passariello, C; Sarli, S; Morea, C; Schippa, S (2007). "Violacein and biofilm production in Janthinobacterium lividum". J Appl Microbiol. 102 (4): 992–9. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.03155.x. PMID 17381742.
^"Small Things Considered: What You Didn't Know About Janthinobacterium". from the original on 7 July 2018. Retrieved 12 June 2012.
^"Archived copy". from the original on 7 February 2021. Retrieved 12 June 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^Brucker, Robert M.; Harris, Reid N.; Schwantes, Christian R.; Gallaher, Thomas N.; Flaherty, Devon C.; Lam, Brianna A.; Minbiole, Kevin P. C. (1 November 2008). "Amphibian chemical defense: antifungal metabolites of the microsymbiont Janthinobacterium lividum on the salamander Plethodon cinereus". Journal of Chemical Ecology. 34 (11): 1422–1429. Bibcode:2008JCEco..34.1422B. doi:10.1007/s10886-008-9555-7. ISSN 0098-0331. PMID 18949519. S2CID 9712168.
^Harris, Reid N.; Brucker, Robert M.; Walke, Jenifer B.; Becker, Matthew H.; Schwantes, Christian R.; Flaherty, Devon C.; Lam, Brianna A.; Woodhams, Douglas C.; Briggs, Cheryl J. (1 July 2009). "Skin microbes on frogs prevent morbidity and mortality caused by a lethal skin fungus". The ISME Journal. 3 (7): 818–824. Bibcode:2009ISMEJ...3..818H. doi:10.1038/ismej.2009.27. ISSN 1751-7370. PMID 19322245.
^"LIVING COLOUR – by Laura Luchtman & Ilfa Siebenhaar". www.livingcolour.eu. from the original on 8 December 2018. Retrieved 19 March 2018.
^Kato, Hiroshi; Kojima, Atsushi; Hayasaka, Shoji; Hata, Tamako; Yasui, Hiroe; Tsukamoto, Takanori; Shirata, Akira (April 2000). "Isolation of Bacteria Producing Bluish-Purple Pigment and Use for Dyeing". Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly. 34 (2): 131–140. from the original on 20 March 2018. Retrieved 19 March 2018.
External linksedit
Type strain of Janthinobacterium lividum at BacDive – the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase
March 13, 2024
janthinobacterium, lividum, aerobic, gram, negative, soil, dwelling, bacterium, that, distinctive, dark, violet, almost, black, color, compound, called, violacein, which, produced, when, glycerol, metabolized, carbon, source, violacein, antibacterial, antivira. Janthinobacterium lividum is an aerobic Gram negative soil dwelling bacterium that has a distinctive dark violet almost black color due to a compound called violacein which is produced when glycerol is metabolized as a carbon source 2 Violacein has antibacterial antiviral and antifungal properties Its antifungal properties are of particular interest since J lividum is found on the skin of certain amphibians including the red backed salamander Plethodon cinereus where it prevents infection by the devastating chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis 3 Janthinobacterium lividumScientific classificationDomain BacteriaPhylum PseudomonadotaClass BetaproteobacteriaOrder BurkholderialesFamily OxalobacteraceaeGenus JanthinobacteriumSpecies J lividumBinomial nameJanthinobacterium lividum Eisenberg 1891 De Ley et al 1978 Approved Lists 1980 Type strainATCC 12473 CCUG 2344 CIP 103349 DSM 1522 HAMBI 1919 JCM 9043 LMG 2892 NCTC 9796 VKM B 1223SynonymsBacillus lividus Eisenberg 1891 Bacillus violaceus berolinensis Kruse 1896 Bacterium lividus sic Eisenberg 1891 Chester 1897 Bacillus berolinensis Chester 1901 Chromobacterium lividum Eisenberg 1891 Bergey et al 1923 Chromobacterium violaceum Ford 1927 Chromobacterium amethystinum Breed et al 1957 Chromobacterium violaceum Leifson 1956 Pseudomonas mephitica Claydon and Hammer 1939 1 Contents 1 Etymology 2 Antifungal properties 3 Resistance to B dendrobatidis 4 Textile dyeing 5 References 6 External linksEtymology editThe genus name Janthinobacterium comes from Latin janthinus which means violet or violet blue bacterium which means rod or staff 4 The species name is also from Latin lividum which means of a blue or leaden color 5 Antifungal properties editThis bacterium produces antifungal compounds such as indole 3 carboxaldehyde and violacein 6 Resistance to B dendrobatidis editJ lividum inhibits the toxic effect and growth of the fungal genusBatrachochytrium This fungus causes a disease known as chytridiomycosis in amphibians and is contributing to the massive declines of amphibians around the world so understanding the uses of these bacteria has been of major interest A study conducted in 2009 explored the effects of Bd and the use of J lividium in the lab for survival The three experimental treatments were frogs infected with Bd frogs given the bacterium J lividium and frogs with the given bacterium and then exposed to Bd Nearly all of the frogs exposed to Bd alone experienced mortality while none of the other treatments had any deaths This effectively introduced the use of J lividium as a possible method for Bd prevention in the lab setting 7 Textile dyeing editThe pigment produced by J lividum is also being used to colour textile The biodegradable pigment could be an alternative to synthetic textile dyes that contain harmful chemicals and heavy metals 8 9 References edit Kampfer P Falsen E Busse H J 2008 Reclassification of Pseudomonas mephitica Claydon and Hammer 1939 as a later heterotypic synonym of Janthinobacterium lividum Eisenberg 1891 De Ley et al 1978 Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 58 Pt 1 136 138 doi 10 1099 ijs 0 65450 0 PMID 18175698 Pantanella F Berlutti F Passariello C Sarli S Morea C Schippa S 2007 Violacein and biofilm production in Janthinobacterium lividum J Appl Microbiol 102 4 992 9 doi 10 1111 j 1365 2672 2006 03155 x PMID 17381742 Small Things Considered What You Didn t Know About Janthinobacterium Archived from the original on 7 July 2018 Retrieved 12 June 2012 Archived copy Archived from the original on 7 February 2021 Retrieved 12 June 2012 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint archived copy as title link Ibid Brucker Robert M Harris Reid N Schwantes Christian R Gallaher Thomas N Flaherty Devon C Lam Brianna A Minbiole Kevin P C 1 November 2008 Amphibian chemical defense antifungal metabolites of the microsymbiont Janthinobacterium lividum on the salamander Plethodon cinereus Journal of Chemical Ecology 34 11 1422 1429 Bibcode 2008JCEco 34 1422B doi 10 1007 s10886 008 9555 7 ISSN 0098 0331 PMID 18949519 S2CID 9712168 Harris Reid N Brucker Robert M Walke Jenifer B Becker Matthew H Schwantes Christian R Flaherty Devon C Lam Brianna A Woodhams Douglas C Briggs Cheryl J 1 July 2009 Skin microbes on frogs prevent morbidity and mortality caused by a lethal skin fungus The ISME Journal 3 7 818 824 Bibcode 2009ISMEJ 3 818H doi 10 1038 ismej 2009 27 ISSN 1751 7370 PMID 19322245 LIVING COLOUR by Laura Luchtman amp Ilfa Siebenhaar www livingcolour eu Archived from the original on 8 December 2018 Retrieved 19 March 2018 Kato Hiroshi Kojima Atsushi Hayasaka Shoji Hata Tamako Yasui Hiroe Tsukamoto Takanori Shirata Akira April 2000 Isolation of Bacteria Producing Bluish Purple Pigment and Use for Dyeing Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly 34 2 131 140 Archived from the original on 20 March 2018 Retrieved 19 March 2018 External links editType strain of Janthinobacterium lividum at BacDive the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Janthinobacterium lividum amp oldid 1193110228, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
