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Client (prostitution)

May 08, 2024

Clients of prostitutes or sex workers are sometimes known as johns or tricks in North America and punters in Britain and Ireland. In common parlance among prostitutes as well as with others, the act of negotiating and then engaging with a client is referred to as turning a trick.[1] Female clients are sometimes called janes, although the vast majority of prostitution clients are male in almost all countries.

Lexicology edit

There are many terms for clients, including whoremonger, sex-buyer, British slang such as punter, terms for those in a vehicle such as kerb crawler, as well as Caribbean slang terms for female clients of gigolos such as milk bottle, longtail, yellowtail or stella.[2]

The term trick is sometimes associated with North America and punter is associated with the term for sex workers' clients in Britain and Ireland. These slang terms are used among both prostitutes and law enforcement for persons who solicit prostitutes.[3] The term john may have originated from the frequent customer practice of giving one's name as "John", a common name in English-speaking countries, in an effort to maintain anonymity. In some places, men who drive around red-light districts for the purpose of soliciting prostitutes are also known as kerb crawlers.[4]

Motivation edit

Studies reveal that clients seek out sex with prostitutes to satisfy otherwise unfulfilled sexual desires or simply as a means to establish social bonds with women.[5][6]

Demography edit

According to Sabine Grenz of the University of Gothenburg, clients come from all socio-economic classes, and include "stockbrokers, truck drivers, teachers, priests or law-enforcement officials."[5] As such, "There are no social characteristics that basically distinguish johns from other men."[5]

According to Megan Lundstrom of Free Our Girls, 80% to 90% of clients are married men.[7] According to a study by Health and Social Life, 55% of clients are married or cohabiting.[8] Only 39% of clients are aware that one could contract an STI from being fellated.[9]

According to Melissa Farley, executive director of Prostitution Research & Education, 60% of clients wear condoms.[10] A survey in Georgia found that 83% of clients would be deterred from purchasing sex if they were outed (name and shame) on billboards which included photos and names.[11] According to a study by Shared Hope International and Arizona State University, 21.6% of clients had professions commonly perceived as one of a position of authority or position of trust such as law enforcement, attorney or military personnel.[12]

In Canada, the average age of a client is between 38 and 42 years old who has purchased sex roughly 100 times over their lifetime. Roughly 70% have completed university or college and earn over 50,000 Canadian dollars a year.[13]

The clients of prostitutes in most countries are overwhelmingly male.[14] The most common age cohort of clients in developing countries are vicenarians (those in their twenties).[14]

Finances edit

The affordability of prostitution greatly varies from region to region. The prices are lowest in areas where it is legal due to competition within the sex trade that seek to court both sex tourists and local clients.[15] Time magazine has described Germany as the "Cut-Rate Prostitution Capital of the World", in reference to the lower charges.[16]

When the clientele of prostitutes in a specific locality begins to attract modest amounts of newcomers of middle-class or upper-class status, the subsequent cost hike is known to reduce the use of such services by less affluent local prospective clients.[17] In jurisdictions where penalties for buying sex are high, fines imposed on clients can also put low-income clients of prostitution in financial ruin.[18]

Maltreatment and victimization edit

When the interaction between the clients of prostitutes and sex workers occurs in countries where brothels are illegal, the prostitution trade usually transpires in areas with high amounts of crime, a predicament that puts clients at risk of becoming victims of crime or becoming entangled in the crime in some other manner.[19] According to Atchison, a sociology instructor at Simon Fraser University in British Columbia, Canada, and founder of John's Voice, clients are verbally abused, robbed and physically assaulted at a rate of 18%, 14% and 4% respectively. In Ireland, there was a significant increase in physical attacks on sex workers by clients after the passing of laws banning the purchase of sex.[20] Clients also sometimes fall victim to extortion, scamming and blackmail.[21]

Perceptions edit

The manner in which clients were viewed has varied throughout human history depending on location and era. In some periods of history, clients were viewed as enablers of an evil practice, viewing them as furthering a trade that enabled infidelity and eased the breaking of covenants between committed partners. At other times, particularly during times of war, or other events which segregated the sexes, there would be increased sympathy for clients, particularly if service persons threatened to sever their genitals or castrate themselves to attain anaphrodisia if prospective clients were chastised.[22] In contemporary times, clients are sometimes viewed as enablers of human trafficking and child trafficking due to boosting their demand. Female clients have been purported to be viewed less negatively than male clients, possibly due to a perception of novelty that produces curiosity rather than moral judgment.[23]

Legal treatment edit

Main article: Prostitution law

The manner in which clients are treated by the law varies by jurisdiction and country. The laws which are most stringent against clients have gradually been referred to as the Swedish model, which is also called the Nordic model or Sex Buyer Law. This is in reference to the law passed in Sweden in 1999 wherein the buyer, rather than the seller of sex is penalized. Although Sweden was the first country to criminalize clients rather than prostitutes, this influenced similar legislation elsewhere. Other countries that have since adopted this model include Norway in 2008, Iceland in 2009,[24] Canada in 2014,[25] and Israel in 2020.[26] Some analysts have argued that laws criminalizing clients rather than prostitutes is peculiar in Western as well as other legal systems, claiming that throughout Western history, there is no precedence of a purchaser of a controversial service committing a greater infraction than the purveyor.[27]

In 2014, a law was drafted in Russia which would pardon clients from heavy fines or jail sentences if they married the sex worker they interacted with (in Russia, prostitution is illegal, but the penalty is totally insignificant, like for minor "speeding" while driving. Criminal prosecution can occur for brothel organizers only, and it is doubtful whether, for instance, the online prostitution broker can be jailed by this article of the Criminal Code of Russia, since application of the criminal law by analogy is forbidden. As about penalties for clients - there is none, and never was. So, the article mentioned most likely describes the cases of prostitutes below 16 years old, where the client is a subject of criminal prosecution for pedophilia).[28] In Norway, clients can not only be fined but can also serve up to six months in prison.[29] In Germany, clients of sex workers are required by law to wear condoms.[30] The law, which was proposed by Justice Minister Ayelet Shaked in June 2018, would include fines.[31] In 2018, France increased the penalty against buying of sex to a fine of up to 1,500 euros ($1,700).[32] In Italy, a fine of up to 10,000 Euros was proposed in 2016 for frequenters of prostitutes.[33]

Campaigning edit

Campaigners against the criminalization of clients include Irish law graduate Laura Lee.[34] In some nations where prostitution is legal such as the Netherlands, rather than being viewed as accessories to human trafficking, clients are called on to join efforts to eradicate its practice by being asked to look out for signs of abuse.[35] In France, some opposition to the fining of clients has come from sex workers unions such as Strass, who argue that initiatives to fine clients make sex work more dangerous as it forces the trade to go underground and due to increased secrecy and less transparency.[36] In 2023, advocates for the decriminalization of sex work in Canada had their constitutional challenge dismissed by the Ontario Superior Court.[37]

In 2018, Pope Francis described clients of prostitution as criminals.[38] In the U.S. state of Arizona, some police forces have adopted fake online advertisements which are police generated in order to lure prostitution clients.[39]

See also edit

 
Look up Thesaurus:prostitute's client in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

References edit

  1. ^ Drexler, Jessica N. "Govermennts' role in turning tricks: The world's oldest profession in the Netherlands and the United States." Dick. J. Int'l L. 15 (1996): 201.
  2. ^ Belliveau, Jeannette (2006). Romance on the Road: Traveling Women who Love Foreign Men. pp. 319–339.
  3. ^ . Forum.myredbook.com. Archived from the original on 9 February 2010. Retrieved 23 May 2010.
  4. ^ "Street prostitution". mylawyer.co.uk. Retrieved 2023-03-10.
  5. ^ a b c Westerhoff, Nikolas (1 October 2012). "Why Do Men Buy Sex?". Scientific American.
  6. ^ Bindel, Julie (2010-01-15). "Why men use prostitutes". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2020-03-23.
  7. ^ "Greeley police receive 'education' in online sex business". www.greeleytribune.com. 8 May 2015.
  8. ^ McDonald, Sarah K. (10 December 2004). "On the Prowl". richmondmagazine.com.
  9. ^ Gurd, Amy, and Erin O’Brien. "Californian ‘John Schools’ and the social construction of prostitution." Sexuality Research and Social Policy 10.2 (2013): 149-158.
  10. ^ . schurz-southbendtribune. Archived from the original on 2019-01-19. Retrieved 2019-01-18.
  11. ^ "Rosario: Great sex-trafficking bust, but what about the 'johns'?". 7 October 2016.
  12. ^ "Study: Soliciting sex from minor nets little prison time". USA TODAY.
  13. ^ "Blowing the whistle on human trafficking " StraightGoods.ca". sgnews.ca.
  14. ^ a b Bishop, Stacey Jacqueline. "Livability is the victim of street prostitution": the politics of the neighborhood and the rightward turn in Vancouver's west end, 1981-1985. Diss. Arts & Social Sciences: Department of History, 2013.
  15. ^ Lee, Julak. "Determinants of Johns’ Decision Making: An analysis of a Sex Tourism Web Forum." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 5.6 (2018).
  16. ^ Tuttle, Brad (18 June 2013). "Germany Has Become the Cut-Rate Prostitution Capital of the World". Time – via business.time.com.
  17. ^ Roberts, Ron, et al. "Participation in sex work: students' views." Sex Education 10.2 (2010): 145-156.
  18. ^ Monasky, Heather. "On Comprehensive Prostitution Reform: Criminalizing the Trafficker and the Trick, but Not the Victim-Sweden's Sexkopslagen in America." Wm. Mitchell L. Rev. 37 (2010): 1989.
  19. ^ Jones, Peter, and Karen Groenenboom. "Crime in London hotels." Tourism and Hospitality Research 4.1 (2002): 21-35.
  20. ^ Gallagher, Conor. "'Dramatic rise' in attacks on sex workers since law change". The Irish Times.
  21. ^ Crump, Ed (1 February 2019). "Triangle men blackmailed after seeking sex online; 3 suspects arrested". ABC11 Raleigh-Durham.
  22. ^ Chimakonam, Jonathan Okeke, and Sunny Nzie Agu. "The Epistemology of Womanhood: Ignored Contentions among Igbo Women of Eastern Nigeria." Thought and Practice 5.2 (2013): 57-79.
  23. ^ Bernstein, Elizabeth. "What's Wrong with Prostitution--What's Right with Sex Work--Comparing Markets in Female Sexual Labor." Hastings Women's LJ 10 (1999): 91.
  24. ^ Goldberg, Michelle (8 August 2014). "Swedish prostitution law is spreading worldwide – here's how to improve it - Michelle Goldberg" – via www.theguardian.com.
  25. ^ Allen, Mary; Rotenberg, Cristine. "Crimes related to the sex trade: Before and after legislative changes in Canada". Statistics Canada. Government of Canada. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
  26. ^ Mualem, Mazal. "Israel shifts blame for prostitution from sex workers to clients". Al-Monitor. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
  27. ^ Chu, Sandra Ka Hon, and Rebecca Glass. "Sex work law reform in Canada: Considering problems with the Nordic model." Alta. L. Rev. 51 (2013): 101.
  28. ^ Brown, Elizabeth Nolan (2014-11-04). "Russian Proposal: Marry a Prostitute, Avoid Criminal Penalties". Reason.com. Retrieved 2023-03-10.
  29. ^ "The map of prostitution laws in Europe". indy100. 23 October 2017.
  30. ^ Cohen, Bernard. "Police Enforcement of Street Prostitution as a Quality-of-Life Offense: New York City, United States, and Frankfurt am Main, Germany." Deviant Behavior (2018): 1-18.
  31. ^ Pileggi, Tamar. "Justice minister presents legislation to fine johns who hire prostitutes". www.timesofisrael.com.
  32. ^ "Art, politics mix at first French sex worker festival". France 24. 4 November 2018.
  33. ^ "Italy mulls fines of up to €10k for prostitutes' clients". www.thelocal.it. 15 July 2016.
  34. ^ McDonald, Henry (9 February 2018). "Irish sex worker and campaigner for rights of prostitutes dies, aged 39". The Guardian. Retrieved 21 February 2019.
  35. ^ Kate (10 December 2018). "New campaign against teen prostitution".
  36. ^ "Sex workers' anger over a new plan to fine clients". www.thelocal.fr. 19 September 2013.
  37. ^ Brown, Desmond. "Disappointment, joy after Ontario court dismisses sex workers' Charter challenge". CBC News. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
  38. ^ Pullella, Phillip (19 March 2018). "Exploiting Women for Prostitution a Crime Against Humanity: Pope". US News. Retrieved 21 February 2019.
  39. ^ Dodge, Mary, Donna Starr-Gimeno, and Thomas Williams. "Puttin’on the Sting: Women Police Officers' Perspectives on Reverse Prostitution Assignments." International Journal of Police Science & Management 7.2 (2005): 71-85.

Further reading edit

  • Makepeace, Clare (2011). "Punters and Their Prostitutes: British Soldiers, Masculinity, and Maisons Tolérées in the First World War". In Arnold, John H.; Brady, Sean (eds.). What is Masculinity?: Historical Dynamics from Antiquity to the Contemporary World. Genders and Sexualities in History. London and New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 413–430. doi:10.1057/9780230307254_20. ISBN 978-0-230-30725-4.

May 08, 2024
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Clients of prostitutes or sex workers are sometimes known as johns or tricks in North America and punters in Britain and Ireland In common parlance among prostitutes as well as with others the act of negotiating and then engaging with a client is referred to as turning a trick 1 Female clients are sometimes called janes although the vast majority of prostitution clients are male in almost all countries Contents 1 Lexicology 2 Motivation 3 Demography 4 Finances 5 Maltreatment and victimization 6 Perceptions 7 Legal treatment 8 Campaigning 9 See also 10 References 11 Further readingLexicology editThere are many terms for clients including whoremonger sex buyer British slang such as punter terms for those in a vehicle such as kerb crawler as well as Caribbean slang terms for female clients of gigolos such as milk bottle longtail yellowtail or stella 2 The term trick is sometimes associated with North America and punter is associated with the term for sex workers clients in Britain and Ireland These slang terms are used among both prostitutes and law enforcement for persons who solicit prostitutes 3 The term john may have originated from the frequent customer practice of giving one s name as John a common name in English speaking countries in an effort to maintain anonymity In some places men who drive around red light districts for the purpose of soliciting prostitutes are also known as kerb crawlers 4 Motivation editStudies reveal that clients seek out sex with prostitutes to satisfy otherwise unfulfilled sexual desires or simply as a means to establish social bonds with women 5 6 Demography editAccording to Sabine Grenz of the University of Gothenburg clients come from all socio economic classes and include stockbrokers truck drivers teachers priests or law enforcement officials 5 As such There are no social characteristics that basically distinguish johns from other men 5 According to Megan Lundstrom of Free Our Girls 80 to 90 of clients are married men 7 According to a study by Health and Social Life 55 of clients are married or cohabiting 8 Only 39 of clients are aware that one could contract an STI from being fellated 9 According to Melissa Farley executive director of Prostitution Research amp Education 60 of clients wear condoms 10 A survey in Georgia found that 83 of clients would be deterred from purchasing sex if they were outed name and shame on billboards which included photos and names 11 According to a study by Shared Hope International and Arizona State University 21 6 of clients had professions commonly perceived as one of a position of authority or position of trust such as law enforcement attorney or military personnel 12 In Canada the average age of a client is between 38 and 42 years old who has purchased sex roughly 100 times over their lifetime Roughly 70 have completed university or college and earn over 50 000 Canadian dollars a year 13 The clients of prostitutes in most countries are overwhelmingly male 14 The most common age cohort of clients in developing countries are vicenarians those in their twenties 14 Finances editThe affordability of prostitution greatly varies from region to region The prices are lowest in areas where it is legal due to competition within the sex trade that seek to court both sex tourists and local clients 15 Time magazine has described Germany as the Cut Rate Prostitution Capital of the World in reference to the lower charges 16 When the clientele of prostitutes in a specific locality begins to attract modest amounts of newcomers of middle class or upper class status the subsequent cost hike is known to reduce the use of such services by less affluent local prospective clients 17 In jurisdictions where penalties for buying sex are high fines imposed on clients can also put low income clients of prostitution in financial ruin 18 Maltreatment and victimization editWhen the interaction between the clients of prostitutes and sex workers occurs in countries where brothels are illegal the prostitution trade usually transpires in areas with high amounts of crime a predicament that puts clients at risk of becoming victims of crime or becoming entangled in the crime in some other manner 19 According to Atchison a sociology instructor at Simon Fraser University in British Columbia Canada and founder of John s Voice clients are verbally abused robbed and physically assaulted at a rate of 18 14 and 4 respectively In Ireland there was a significant increase in physical attacks on sex workers by clients after the passing of laws banning the purchase of sex 20 Clients also sometimes fall victim to extortion scamming and blackmail 21 Perceptions editThe manner in which clients were viewed has varied throughout human history depending on location and era In some periods of history clients were viewed as enablers of an evil practice viewing them as furthering a trade that enabled infidelity and eased the breaking of covenants between committed partners At other times particularly during times of war or other events which segregated the sexes there would be increased sympathy for clients particularly if service persons threatened to sever their genitals or castrate themselves to attain anaphrodisia if prospective clients were chastised 22 In contemporary times clients are sometimes viewed as enablers of human trafficking and child trafficking due to boosting their demand Female clients have been purported to be viewed less negatively than male clients possibly due to a perception of novelty that produces curiosity rather than moral judgment 23 Legal treatment editMain article Prostitution law The manner in which clients are treated by the law varies by jurisdiction and country The laws which are most stringent against clients have gradually been referred to as the Swedish model which is also called the Nordic model or Sex Buyer Law This is in reference to the law passed in Sweden in 1999 wherein the buyer rather than the seller of sex is penalized Although Sweden was the first country to criminalize clients rather than prostitutes this influenced similar legislation elsewhere Other countries that have since adopted this model include Norway in 2008 Iceland in 2009 24 Canada in 2014 25 and Israel in 2020 26 Some analysts have argued that laws criminalizing clients rather than prostitutes is peculiar in Western as well as other legal systems claiming that throughout Western history there is no precedence of a purchaser of a controversial service committing a greater infraction than the purveyor 27 In 2014 a law was drafted in Russia which would pardon clients from heavy fines or jail sentences if they married the sex worker they interacted with in Russia prostitution is illegal but the penalty is totally insignificant like for minor speeding while driving Criminal prosecution can occur for brothel organizers only and it is doubtful whether for instance the online prostitution broker can be jailed by this article of the Criminal Code of Russia since application of the criminal law by analogy is forbidden As about penalties for clients there is none and never was So the article mentioned most likely describes the cases of prostitutes below 16 years old where the client is a subject of criminal prosecution for pedophilia 28 In Norway clients can not only be fined but can also serve up to six months in prison 29 In Germany clients of sex workers are required by law to wear condoms 30 The law which was proposed by Justice Minister Ayelet Shaked in June 2018 would include fines 31 In 2018 France increased the penalty against buying of sex to a fine of up to 1 500 euros 1 700 32 In Italy a fine of up to 10 000 Euros was proposed in 2016 for frequenters of prostitutes 33 Campaigning editCampaigners against the criminalization of clients include Irish law graduate Laura Lee 34 In some nations where prostitution is legal such as the Netherlands rather than being viewed as accessories to human trafficking clients are called on to join efforts to eradicate its practice by being asked to look out for signs of abuse 35 In France some opposition to the fining of clients has come from sex workers unions such as Strass who argue that initiatives to fine clients make sex work more dangerous as it forces the trade to go underground and due to increased secrecy and less transparency 36 In 2023 advocates for the decriminalization of sex work in Canada had their constitutional challenge dismissed by the Ontario Superior Court 37 In 2018 Pope Francis described clients of prostitution as criminals 38 In the U S state of Arizona some police forces have adopted fake online advertisements which are police generated in order to lure prostitution clients 39 See also edit nbsp Prostitution portal nbsp Look up Thesaurus prostitute s client in Wiktionary the free dictionary History of prostitutionReferences edit Drexler Jessica N Govermennts role in turning tricks The world s oldest profession in the Netherlands and the United States Dick J Int l L 15 1996 201 Belliveau Jeannette 2006 Romance on the Road Traveling Women who Love Foreign Men pp 319 339 Adult Industry Terms and Acronyms Forum myredbook com Archived from the original on 9 February 2010 Retrieved 23 May 2010 Street prostitution mylawyer co uk Retrieved 2023 03 10 a b c Westerhoff Nikolas 1 October 2012 Why Do Men Buy Sex Scientific American Bindel Julie 2010 01 15 Why men use prostitutes The Guardian ISSN 0261 3077 Retrieved 2020 03 23 Greeley police receive education in online sex business www greeleytribune com 8 May 2015 McDonald Sarah K 10 December 2004 On the Prowl richmondmagazine com Gurd Amy and Erin O Brien Californian John Schools and the social construction of prostitution Sexuality Research and Social Policy 10 2 2013 149 158 South Bend police investigate oldest profession with new online twist schurz southbendtribune Archived from the original on 2019 01 19 Retrieved 2019 01 18 Rosario Great sex trafficking bust but what about the johns 7 October 2016 Study Soliciting sex from minor nets little prison time USA TODAY Blowing the whistle on human trafficking StraightGoods ca sgnews ca a b Bishop Stacey Jacqueline Livability is the victim of street prostitution the politics of the neighborhood and the rightward turn in Vancouver s west end 1981 1985 Diss Arts amp Social Sciences Department of History 2013 Lee Julak Determinants of Johns Decision Making An analysis of a Sex Tourism Web Forum Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 5 6 2018 Tuttle Brad 18 June 2013 Germany Has Become the Cut Rate Prostitution Capital of the World Time via business time com Roberts Ron et al Participation in sex work students views Sex Education 10 2 2010 145 156 Monasky Heather On Comprehensive Prostitution Reform Criminalizing the Trafficker and the Trick but Not the Victim Sweden s Sexkopslagen in America Wm Mitchell L Rev 37 2010 1989 Jones Peter and Karen Groenenboom Crime in London hotels Tourism and Hospitality Research 4 1 2002 21 35 Gallagher Conor Dramatic rise in attacks on sex workers since law change The Irish Times Crump Ed 1 February 2019 Triangle men blackmailed after seeking sex online 3 suspects arrested ABC11 Raleigh Durham Chimakonam Jonathan Okeke and Sunny Nzie Agu The Epistemology of Womanhood Ignored Contentions among Igbo Women of Eastern Nigeria Thought and Practice 5 2 2013 57 79 Bernstein Elizabeth What s Wrong with Prostitution What s Right with Sex Work Comparing Markets in Female Sexual Labor Hastings Women s LJ 10 1999 91 Goldberg Michelle 8 August 2014 Swedish prostitution law is spreading worldwide here s how to improve it Michelle Goldberg via www theguardian com Allen Mary Rotenberg Cristine Crimes related to the sex trade Before and after legislative changes in Canada Statistics Canada Government of Canada Retrieved 1 October 2023 Mualem Mazal Israel shifts blame for prostitution from sex workers to clients Al Monitor Retrieved 1 October 2023 Chu Sandra Ka Hon and Rebecca Glass Sex work law reform in Canada Considering problems with the Nordic model Alta L Rev 51 2013 101 Brown Elizabeth Nolan 2014 11 04 Russian Proposal Marry a Prostitute Avoid Criminal Penalties Reason com Retrieved 2023 03 10 The map of prostitution laws in Europe indy100 23 October 2017 Cohen Bernard Police Enforcement of Street Prostitution as a Quality of Life Offense New York City United States and Frankfurt am Main Germany Deviant Behavior 2018 1 18 Pileggi Tamar Justice minister presents legislation to fine johns who hire prostitutes www timesofisrael com Art politics mix at first French sex worker festival France 24 4 November 2018 Italy mulls fines of up to 10k for prostitutes clients www thelocal it 15 July 2016 McDonald Henry 9 February 2018 Irish sex worker and campaigner for rights of prostitutes dies aged 39 The Guardian Retrieved 21 February 2019 Kate 10 December 2018 New campaign against teen prostitution Sex workers anger over a new plan to fine clients www thelocal fr 19 September 2013 Brown Desmond Disappointment joy after Ontario court dismisses sex workers Charter challenge CBC News Retrieved 1 October 2023 Pullella Phillip 19 March 2018 Exploiting Women for Prostitution a Crime Against Humanity Pope US News Retrieved 21 February 2019 Dodge Mary Donna Starr Gimeno and Thomas Williams Puttin on the Sting Women Police Officers Perspectives on Reverse Prostitution Assignments International Journal of Police Science amp Management 7 2 2005 71 85 Further reading editMakepeace Clare 2011 Punters and Their Prostitutes British Soldiers Masculinity and Maisons Tolerees in the First World War In Arnold John H Brady Sean eds What is Masculinity Historical Dynamics from Antiquity to the Contemporary World Genders and Sexualities in History London and New York Palgrave Macmillan pp 413 430 doi 10 1057 9780230307254 20 ISBN 978 0 230 30725 4 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Client prostitution amp 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