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James Z. George

January 01, 1970

James Zachariah George (October 20, 1826 – August 14, 1897) was an American lawyer, writer, U.S. politician, Confederate politician, and military officer. He was known as Mississippi's "Great Commoner".

James George
United States Senator
from Mississippi
In office
March 4, 1881 – August 14, 1897
Preceded byBlanche Bruce
Succeeded byHernando Money
Personal details
Born
James Zachariah George

(1826-10-20)October 20, 1826
Monroe County, Georgia
DiedAugust 14, 1897(1897-08-14) (aged 70)
Gulfport, Mississippi
Political partyDemocratic
Signature
Military service
Allegiance Confederate States (1861–1862, 1863–1865)
 Mississippi (1862–1863)
Service Confederate States Army
Mississippi State Troops
RankColonel (CSA)
Brigadier general (Mississippi)
Unit20th Mississippi Infantry
5th Mississippi Cavalry
Battles/warsAmerican Civil War

Biography edit

James Z. George was born in Monroe County, Georgia, but moved to Noxubee County, Mississippi at age eight when his widowed mother remarried, and two years later, to Carroll County, Mississippi, where he received his education in the common schools.[1] He served as a private in the Mexican–American War under Colonel Jefferson Davis, and participated in the Battle of Monterey.[1] On his return, George read law and was admitted to the bar. In 1854 he became a reporter of the Supreme Court of Mississippi and, over the next 20 years, George prepared a 10-volume digest of its cases.

George was a slave owner.[2][3] As a member of the Mississippi Secession Convention, George signed the Secession Ordinance. During the Civil War, George first served as Captain of Company C, 20th Mississippi Infantry Regiment, before resigning his commission in the Confederate Army to serve as a Brigadier general of the Mississippi State Troops in October, 1862.[4] Frustrated by the disorganization of the State Troops and facing disrespect from Confederate officers, George left the State Troops service in November 1863,[5] and rejoined the Confederate service as a colonel of the 5th Mississippi Cavalry. He was captured twice and spent two years in a prisoner of war camp, where he conducted a law course for his fellow captives. After the war, he returned to Mississippi and resumed the practice of law. In 1879 he was appointed to the Supreme Court of Mississippi and immediately was chosen chief justice by his colleagues.[6]

From 1881 until his death, George represented Mississippi in the United States Senate, where he was recognized for his skills in debate, helped frame the future Sherman Anti-Trust Act, introduced the bill for agricultural college experiment stations, and encouraged the establishment of the Department of Agriculture. Alarmed by the proposed Lodge Bill, which would have provided for federal supervision of elections, he campaigned in Mississippi for a constitutional convention in order to legally disenfranchise African-Americans, without resorting to violence, fraud, and other extralegal measures that had been used prior.[7] He was a major figure during the Mississippi Constitutional Convention of 1890 itself, leading a hardline faction promoting the disenfranchisement of blacks without disenfranchising whites (as opposed to those who wanted to apply property and educational requirements to whites and blacks), and successfully defended the constitution before the Senate and the Supreme Court.[8]

George died in Mississippi City, Mississippi, where he had gone for health treatment. He is buried, along with his wife, Elizabeth Brooks (Young) George,[9] in Evergreen Cemetery in North Carrollton, Mississippi.[10] George's wife Elizabeth was the granddaughter of Col. William Martin Jr. of Tennessee, and the great-granddaughter of General Joseph Martin, an early Virginia explorer and Revolutionary War commander.[11]

In 1931, the state of Mississippi donated a bronze statue of George to the United States Capitol's National Statuary Hall Collection.

The J. Z. George High School in North Carrollton, Mississippi is named in his honor, which is less than 2 miles (3.2 km) from his burial place.[citation needed] In addition, George County, Mississippi, is also named in his honor.[citation needed]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b Thomas H. Somerville, "A Sketch of the Supreme Court of Mississippi", in Horace W. Fuller, ed., The Green Bag, Vol. XI (1899), p. 513.
  2. ^ Weil, Julie Zauzmer; Blanco, Adrian; Dominguez, Leo. "More than 1,700 congressmen once enslaved Black people. This is who they were, and how they shaped the nation". Washington Post. Retrieved January 29, 2022.
  3. ^ "Congress slaveowners", The Washington Post, January 27, 2022, retrieved January 29, 2022
  4. ^ Barnett, Tracey L. (2017). Maligned “Milish:” Mississippi Militiamen in the Civil War (Master's thesis). Hattiesburg, Miss.: University of Southern Mississippi. p. 108.
  5. ^ Barnett, Tracey L. (2017). Maligned “Milish:” Mississippi Militiamen in the Civil War (Master's thesis). Hattiesburg, Miss.: University of Southern Mississippi. p. 110.
  6. ^ Leslie Southwick, Mississippi Supreme Court Elections: A Historical Perspective 1916-1996, 18 Miss. C. L. Rev. 115 (1997–1998).
  7. ^ Kousser, J. Morgan (1974). The Shaping of Southern Politics: Suffrage Restriction and the Establishment of the One-Party South, 1990-1890. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. p. 140. ISBN 9780300016963.
  8. ^ Ogden, Frederic D. The Poll Tax in the South (University of Alabama Press, 1958), 211
  9. ^ Family History Compiled by Lucy Henderson Horton, Press of the News, Franklin, Tennessee, 1922
  10. ^ The Political Graveyard: Index to Politicians: George
  11. ^ Family History Compiled by Lucy Henderson Horton, Press of the News, Franklin, Tenn., 1922

Further reading edit

  • Timothy B. Smith. James Z. George: Mississippi's Great Commoner (University Press of Mississippi; 2012) 256 pages; scholarly biography

External links edit

    U.S. Senate
    Preceded by U.S. senator (Class 1) from Mississippi
    1881–1897
    Served alongside: Lucius Q. C. Lamar, Edward C. Walthall, Anselm J. McLaurin, Edward C. Walthall     		Succeeded by
    Political offices
    Preceded by Justice of the Supreme Court of Mississippi
    1828–1881     		Succeeded by

    January 01, 1970
    james, george, james, zachariah, george, october, 1826, august, 1897, american, lawyer, writer, politician, confederate, politician, military, officer, known, mississippi, great, commoner, james, georgeunited, states, senatorfrom, mississippiin, office, march,. James Zachariah George October 20 1826 August 14 1897 was an American lawyer writer U S politician Confederate politician and military officer He was known as Mississippi s Great Commoner James GeorgeUnited States Senatorfrom MississippiIn office March 4 1881 August 14 1897Preceded byBlanche BruceSucceeded byHernando MoneyPersonal detailsBornJames Zachariah George 1826 10 20 October 20 1826Monroe County GeorgiaDiedAugust 14 1897 1897 08 14 aged 70 Gulfport MississippiPolitical partyDemocraticSignatureMilitary serviceAllegiance Confederate States 1861 1862 1863 1865 Mississippi 1862 1863 Service Confederate States ArmyMississippi State TroopsRankColonel CSA Brigadier general Mississippi Unit20th Mississippi Infantry5th Mississippi CavalryBattles warsAmerican Civil War Contents 1 Biography 2 See also 3 References 4 Further reading 5 External linksBiography editJames Z George was born in Monroe County Georgia but moved to Noxubee County Mississippi at age eight when his widowed mother remarried and two years later to Carroll County Mississippi where he received his education in the common schools 1 He served as a private in the Mexican American War under Colonel Jefferson Davis and participated in the Battle of Monterey 1 On his return George read law and was admitted to the bar In 1854 he became a reporter of the Supreme Court of Mississippi and over the next 20 years George prepared a 10 volume digest of its cases George was a slave owner 2 3 As a member of the Mississippi Secession Convention George signed the Secession Ordinance During the Civil War George first served as Captain of Company C 20th Mississippi Infantry Regiment before resigning his commission in the Confederate Army to serve as a Brigadier general of the Mississippi State Troops in October 1862 4 Frustrated by the disorganization of the State Troops and facing disrespect from Confederate officers George left the State Troops service in November 1863 5 and rejoined the Confederate service as a colonel of the 5th Mississippi Cavalry He was captured twice and spent two years in a prisoner of war camp where he conducted a law course for his fellow captives After the war he returned to Mississippi and resumed the practice of law In 1879 he was appointed to the Supreme Court of Mississippi and immediately was chosen chief justice by his colleagues 6 From 1881 until his death George represented Mississippi in the United States Senate where he was recognized for his skills in debate helped frame the future Sherman Anti Trust Act introduced the bill for agricultural college experiment stations and encouraged the establishment of the Department of Agriculture Alarmed by the proposed Lodge Bill which would have provided for federal supervision of elections he campaigned in Mississippi for a constitutional convention in order to legally disenfranchise African Americans without resorting to violence fraud and other extralegal measures that had been used prior 7 He was a major figure during the Mississippi Constitutional Convention of 1890 itself leading a hardline faction promoting the disenfranchisement of blacks without disenfranchising whites as opposed to those who wanted to apply property and educational requirements to whites and blacks and successfully defended the constitution before the Senate and the Supreme Court 8 George died in Mississippi City Mississippi where he had gone for health treatment He is buried along with his wife Elizabeth Brooks Young George 9 in Evergreen Cemetery in North Carrollton Mississippi 10 George s wife Elizabeth was the granddaughter of Col William Martin Jr of Tennessee and the great granddaughter of General Joseph Martin an early Virginia explorer and Revolutionary War commander 11 In 1931 the state of Mississippi donated a bronze statue of George to the United States Capitol s National Statuary Hall Collection The J Z George High School in North Carrollton Mississippi is named in his honor which is less than 2 miles 3 2 km from his burial place citation needed In addition George County Mississippi is also named in his honor citation needed See also editBattle of Collierville Col J Z George captured List of United States Congress members who died in office 1790 1899 References edit a b Thomas H Somerville A Sketch of the Supreme Court of Mississippi in Horace W Fuller ed The Green Bag Vol XI 1899 p 513 Weil Julie Zauzmer Blanco Adrian Dominguez Leo More than 1 700 congressmen once enslaved Black people This is who they were and how they shaped the nation Washington Post Retrieved January 29 2022 Congress slaveowners The Washington Post January 27 2022 retrieved January 29 2022 Barnett Tracey L 2017 Maligned Milish Mississippi Militiamen in the Civil War Master s thesis Hattiesburg Miss University of Southern Mississippi p 108 Barnett Tracey L 2017 Maligned Milish Mississippi Militiamen in the Civil War Master s thesis Hattiesburg Miss University of Southern Mississippi p 110 Leslie Southwick Mississippi Supreme Court Elections A Historical Perspective 1916 1996 18 Miss C L Rev 115 1997 1998 Kousser J Morgan 1974 The Shaping of Southern Politics Suffrage Restriction and the Establishment of the One Party South 1990 1890 New Haven and London Yale University Press p 140 ISBN 9780300016963 Ogden Frederic D The Poll Tax in the South University of Alabama Press 1958 211 Family History Compiled by Lucy Henderson Horton Press of the News Franklin Tennessee 1922 The Political Graveyard Index to Politicians George Family History Compiled by Lucy Henderson Horton Press of the News Franklin Tenn 1922Further reading editTimothy B Smith James Z George Mississippi s Great Commoner University Press of Mississippi 2012 256 pages scholarly biographyExternal links editOn line biography United States Congress James Z George id G000127 Biographical Directory of the United States Congress U S Senate Preceded byBlanche K Bruce U S senator Class 1 from Mississippi1881 1897 Served alongside Lucius Q C Lamar Edward C Walthall Anselm J McLaurin Edward C Walthall Succeeded byHernando D Money Political offices Preceded byHoratio F Simrall Justice of the Supreme Court of Mississippi1828 1881 Succeeded byTim E Cooper Portals nbsp American Civil War nbsp Biography nbsp Mississippi nbsp Politics Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title James Z George amp oldid 1223531349, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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