James Wilson Robertson
Sir James Wilson Robertson, KT, GCMG, GCVO, KBE, KStJ (27 October 1899 – 23 September 1983) was a British civil servant who served as the last colonial governor-general of Nigeria from 1955 to 1960.
Sir James Wilson Robertson | |
|---|---|
Portrait by Walter Bird, 1965 | |
| 2nd Governor-General of Nigeria | |
| In office 15 June 1955 – 16 November 1960 | |
| Monarch | Elizabeth II |
| Preceded by | John Stuart Macpherson |
| Succeeded by | Nnamdi Azikiwe |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 27 October 1899 Broughty Ferry, Dundee, Scotland |
| Died | 23 September 1983 (aged 83) Wallingford, Oxfordshire,[1] England |
| Relatives | Ian Robertson, Lord Robertson (brother) Joanna Kuenssberg (great-niece) Laura Kuenssberg (great-niece) |
| Education | Merchiston Castle School |
| Alma mater | Balliol College, Oxford |
| Occupation | Civil servant |
| Military service | |
| Branch/service | British Army |
| Unit | |
Early life and education
He was educated at Merchiston Castle School in Edinburgh and Balliol College, Oxford. He served a Commission in the British Army with the Gordon Highlanders and the Black Watch. He received an honorary Doctor of Laws degree (LL.D.) from the University of Leeds in 1961.[2]
Career
After Oxford he joined the Sudan Political Service from 1922 to 1953, serving appointments in Blue Nile, White Nile, Fung, and Kordofan provinces and was the Civil Secretary from 1945 to 1953. In this position in 1947 he was chairman of the Juba Conference. He was then sent to British Guiana in January 1954 by Oliver Lyttelton, the then-Secretary of State for the Colonies to write the Robertson Commission Report to investigate the current crisis in the country due to the election of the People's Progressive Party, who were seen as too friendly with the Communist organisations that had led to the suspension of the constitution.[3][4][5]
He was then sent to Nigeria as a result of his work. He was Governor-General from 15 June 1955 to 16 November 1960 (representing the Queen as head of state from 1 October to 16 November 1960).[6]
Family
His brother was Ian Robertson, Lord Robertson, whose daughter Sally[7] married Nick Kuenssberg OBE.[8] His great-niece Laura Kuenssberg is a journalist.[9] His first wife was Anne Mueller.
Writings
Roberston wrote a memoir, Transition in Africa: From Direct Rule to Independence, published by Hurst, London, in 1974, that reflects on his nearly 40 years in Africa. It provides detail on both his administrative life and personal observations. In a final chapter, "Reflections", he accounts the swift collapse and disintegration of so much of what he and his fellow British servants of the Empire had constructed not only in the Sudan and Nigeria, but in all of Britain's former colonial African territories. Commenting on foreign concern about post-independence difficulties, he observed: "Americans have asked me: 'Why did you leave so soon, before the colonial territories were ready to rule themselves?' And when I have answered, 'Partly, I am sure, because of your pressure on us to go,' [they] have answered that they did not know then what they know now, and that we should have resisted their pressure." (p. 253)
Robertson made a notable contribution to a 1978 Oxford Symposium, Transfer of Power: the Colonial Administrator in the Age of De-colonisation, edited by A. H. M. Kirk-Greene (published, in 1979, by the Inter-Faculty Committee for African Studies, Oxford University), particularly his "The Governor as the Man in the Middle", (pp. 38–43); and "Summary of Discussion", (pp. 50–59). The Last of the Proconsuls: Letters of Sir James Robertson, edited by Graham F. Thomas, was published in 1994. It is a collection of letters Robertson sent to Thomas over 40 years mainly about the problems towards the end of the British Empire.[citation needed]
Styles
This section contains a list of miscellaneous information. (March 2021) |
- 1899 – 3 June 1931: James Wilson Robertson
- 3 June 1931 – 1940: James Wilson Robertson MBE[10]
- 1940–1941: His Excellency James Wilson Robertson MBE, Governor of Gezira Province[11]
- 1941 – 1 January 1948: James Wilson Robertson MBE
- 1 January 1948 – 1 June 1953: Sir James Wilson Robertson KBE[12]
- 1 June 1953 – 15 June 1955: Sir James Wilson Robertson KCMG, KBE[13]
- 15 June 1955 – 1956: His Excellency Sir James Wilson Robertson KCMG, KBE, Governor-General and Commander-in-Chief, Federation of Nigeria
- 1956 – 13 June 1957: His Excellency Sir James Wilson Robertson GCVO, KCMG, KBE, Governor-General and Commander-in-Chief, Federation of Nigeria
- 13 June 1957 – 1 October 1960: His Excellency Sir James Wilson Robertson GCMG, GCVO, KBE, Governor-General and Commander-in-Chief, Federation of Nigeria[14]
- 1 October – 16 November 1960: His Excellency Sir James Wilson Robertson GCMG, GCVO, KBE, Governor-General and Commander-in-Chief of the Independent Federation of Nigeria
- 16 November 1960 – 1965: Sir James Wilson Robertson GCMG, GCVO, KBE
- 1965–1983: Sir James Wilson Robertson KT, GCMG, GCVO, KBE
References
- ^ "Index entry". FreeBMD. ONS. Retrieved 18 April 2023.
- ^ University of Leeds List of Honorary Graduates: James Wilson Robertson 1961 10 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ theyworkforyou.com British Guiana Constitution (Report)
- ^ guyana.org Robertson Report
- ^ guyana.org The Suspension of the British Guiana Constitution
- ^ Worldstatesman.org Nigeria
- ^ "Sally Kuenssberg, CBE". BBC Scotland. 31 December 1999. Retrieved 20 May 2010.
- ^ "Nick Kuenssberg". Debretts. Retrieved 20 May 2010.
- ^ Kristy Dorsey (4 March 2013). "Business interview: Nick Kuenssberg". The Scotsman. Retrieved 23 January 2016.
- ^ The London Gazette, 3 June 1931
- ^ [pg 1886, Who's Who, 1982]
- ^ The London Gazette, 1 January 1948
- ^ The London Gazette, 1 June 1953
- ^ The London Gazette, 13 June 1957
External links
- Portraits of James Wilson Robertson at the National Portrait Gallery, London