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James Randi Educational Foundation

May 11, 2024

James Randi Educational Foundation (JREF) is an American grant-making institution founded in 1996 by magician and skeptic James Randi. As a nonprofit organization, the mission of JREF includes educating the public and the media on the dangers of accepting unproven claims, and to support research into paranormal claims in controlled scientific experimental conditions. The organization announced its change to a grant-making foundation in September 2015.[12]

James Randi Educational Foundation
Founded1996
FounderJames Randi
Type501(c)(3)
Registration no.65-0649443
PurposePromote critical thinking and investigate claims of the paranormal, pseudoscientific, and supernatural
Location
Key people
Banachek, President
Rick Adams, Treasurer/Assis. Secretary, Board of Directors
Daniel "Chip" Denman, Secretary, Board of Directors
Revenue
US$−35,258 in 2022. [1] US$268,727 in 2021. [2] US$257,818 in 2020. [3] US$88,828 in 2019. [4] US$630,928 in 2018. [5] US$156,615 in 2017. [6] US$1,133,731 in 2014 [7] US $887,595 in 2013. [8] US $1,293,878 in 2012. [9] US $1,564,266 in 2011.[9] US$852,445[10] (2009) 38% on 2008. 17% on 2009.[11]
Websiteweb.randi.org

The organization previously administered the One Million Dollar Paranormal Challenge, a prize of one million U.S. dollars to anyone who could demonstrate a supernatural or paranormal ability under agreed-upon scientific testing criteria. JREF also maintains a legal defense fund to assist persons who are attacked as a result of investigating or criticizing those making paranormal claims.[13]

The organization has been funded through member contributions, grants, and conferences, though it ceased accepting memberships after 2015. For several years the JREF website published the blog Swift, which included news and information as well as exposés of paranormal claimants.[14]

History edit

The JREF officially came into existence on February 29, 1996, when it was registered as a nonprofit corporation in the State of Delaware in the United States.[15] On April 3, 1996, Randi formally announced the creation of the JREF through his email hotline.[16] It is now headquartered in Falls Church, Virginia.[17]

THE FOUNDATION IS IN BUSINESS! It is my great pleasure to announce the creation of the James Randi Educational Foundation. This is a non-profit, tax-exempt, educational foundation under Section 501(c)3 of the Internal Revenue Code, incorporated in the State of Delaware. The Foundation is generously funded by a sponsor in Washington D.C. who wishes, at this point in time, to remain anonymous.

— The Foundation, Randi Hotline, Wed, April 3, 1996

Randi says Johnny Carson was a major sponsor, giving several six-figure donations.[18]

The officers of the JREF are: [19]

  • President: Banachek, Las Vegas, NV.
  • Director, Secretary, Assistant Secretary: Richard L. Adams Jr., Ft. Lauderdale, Florida.
  • Director, Secretary: Daniel Denman, Silver Spring, Maryland.

In 2008 the astronomer Philip Plait became the new president of the JREF and Randi its board chairman.[20] In December 2009 Plait left the JREF due to involvement in a television project, and D.J. Grothe assumed the position of president on January 1, 2010,[21] holding the position until his departure from the JREF was announced on September 1, 2014.[17]

The San Francisco newspaper SF Weekly reported on August 24, 2009, that Randi's annual salary was about $200,000.[22] Randi resigned from JREF in 2015.[23]

The One Million Dollar Paranormal Challenge edit

Main article: One Million Dollar Paranormal Challenge

In 1964, Randi began offering a prize of US$1,000 to anyone who could demonstrate a paranormal ability under agreed-upon testing conditions. This prize has since been increased to US$1 million in bonds and is now administered by the JREF. Since its inception, more than 1,000 people have applied to be tested. To date, no one has been able to demonstrate their claimed abilities under the testing conditions, all applicants either failing to demonstrate the claimed ability during the test or deviating from the foundation conditions for taking the test such that any apparent success was held invalid; the prize money remains unclaimed. However, in 2015 the James Randi Educational Foundation said they will no longer accept applications directly from people claiming to have a paranormal power, but will offer the challenge to anyone who has passed a preliminary test that meets with their approval.[24]

The Amaz!ng Meeting edit

Main article: The Amaz!ng Meeting

From 2003 to 2015, the JREF annually hosted The Amaz!ng Meeting, a gathering of scientists, skeptics, and atheists. Perennial speakers include Richard Dawkins, Penn & Teller, Phil Plait, Michael Shermer and Adam Savage.

Podcasts and videos edit

The foundation produced two audio podcasts, For Good Reason which was an interview program hosted by D.J. Grothe, promoting critical thinking and skepticism about the central beliefs of society. It has not been active since December 2011.[25] Consequence was a biweekly podcast hosted by former outreach coordinator Brian Thompson in which regular people shared their personal narratives about the negative impact a belief in pseudoscience, superstition, and the paranormal had had on their lives. It has not been active since May, 2013.[26]

The JREF also produced a regular video cast and YouTube show, The Randi Show, in which former JREF outreach coordinator Brian Thompson interviewed Randi on a variety of skeptical topics, often with lighthearted or comedic commentary.[27] It has not been active since August 2012. In November 2015, Harriet Hall produced a series of ten lectures called Science Based Medicine for the JREF. The videos deal with various complementary alternative medicine subjects including homeopathy, chiropractic, acupuncture and more.[28]

The JREF posted many of its educational videos from The Amaz!ng Meeting and other events online. There are lectures by Neil DeGrasse Tyson, Carol Tavris, Lawrence Krauss, live tests of the One Million Dollar Paranormal Challenge, workshops on cold reading by Ray Hyman, and panels featuring leading thinking on various topics related to JREF's educational mission on the JREF YouTube channel.[29] JREF past president D.J. Grothe has claimed that the JREF's YouTube channel was once the "10th most subscribed nonprofit channel of all time",[30] though its status in 2013 was 39th and most non-profits do not register for this status.[31]

The foundation produced its own "Internet Audio Show" which ran from January–December 2002 and was broadcast via a live stream. The archive can be found as mp3 files on the JREF website[32] and as a podcast on iTunes.[33]

Forum and online community edit

As part of the JREF's goal of educating the general population about science and reason, people involved in their community ran a popular skeptic based online forum[34] with the overall goal of promoting "critical thinking and providing the public with the tools needed to reliably examine paranormal, supernatural, and pseudoscientific claims".[35]

On October 5, 2014, this online forum was divorced from the JREF and moved as its own entity to International Skeptics Forum.

In 2007 the JREF announced it would resume awarding critical thinking scholarships to college students after a brief hiatus due to the lack of funding.[36]

The JREF has also helped to support local grassroot efforts and outreach endeavors, such as SkeptiCamp, Camp Inquiry[37] and various community-organized conferences.[38] However, according to their tax filing, they spend less than $2,000 a year on other organizations or individuals.[39]

JREF Award edit

James Randi announces Susan Gerbic has won the JREF prize for 2017.

The JREF Award "is given to the person or organization that best represents the spirit of the foundation by encouraging critical questions and seeking unbiased, fact-based answers." Some of the recipients include the following:

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ "990 Form from 2022 for The James Randi Educational Foundation". 990s.foundationcenter.org. Cause IQ. from the original on 2024-03-31. Retrieved 2024-03-31.
  2. ^ "990 Form from 2021 for The James Randi Educational Foundation". 990s.foundationcenter.org. Cause IQ. from the original on 2024-03-31. Retrieved 2024-03-31.
  3. ^ "990 Form from 2020 for The James Randi Educational Foundation". 990s.foundationcenter.org. Cause IQ. from the original on 2024-03-31. Retrieved 2024-03-31.
  4. ^ "990 Form from 2019 for The James Randi Educational Foundation". 990s.foundationcenter.org. Candid. from the original on 2024-03-31. Retrieved 2024-03-31.
  5. ^ "990 Form from 2018 for The James Randi Educational Foundation". 990s.foundationcenter.org. Candid. from the original on 2024-03-31. Retrieved 2024-03-31.
  6. ^ "990 Form from 2017 for The James Randi Educational Foundation". 990s.foundationcenter.org. Candid. from the original on 2024-03-31. Retrieved 2024-03-31.
  7. ^ "990 Form from 2014 for The James Randi Educational Foundation" (PDF). 990s.foundationcenter.org. Candid. (PDF) from the original on 2023-04-02. Retrieved 2024-03-31.
  8. ^ 990 Form from 2013 for The James Randi Educational Foundation
  9. ^ a b 990 Form from 2012 for The James Randi Educational Foundation
  10. ^ "2009 Form 990" (PDF). GuideStar. Retrieved 11 September 2011.
  11. ^ "Form 990 for 2010" (PDF). GuideStar. Retrieved 12 September 2011.
  12. ^ "JREF Status". James Randi Educational Foundation. JREF. Retrieved 3 September 2015.
  13. ^ Dunning, Brian (2013-07-23). "Skeptoid #372: Prove Your Supernatural Power and Get Rich". Skeptoid. Retrieved 2014-01-04.
  14. ^ "JREF Swift Blog". Retrieved 2016-03-31. JREF Swift Blog
  15. ^ . Archived from the original on 2014-01-10. Retrieved 2012-03-03. Delaware Dept. of State, Division of Corporations official website, Corporation Name Search: "The James Randi Educational Foundation. Incorporation Date / Formation Date: February 29, 1996. Entity Type: Non-Profit or Religious."
  16. ^ "Home". JREF.
  17. ^ a b "Los Angeles Office Closed". James Randi Educational Foundation. September 1, 2014. Retrieved 2014-09-02.
  18. ^ James Randi. "A Good Friend Has Left Us". JREF. Archived from the original on 2009-07-09. John was generous, kind, and caring. The JREF received several checks — 6-figure checks
  19. ^ "Clerk's Information System". scc.virginia.gov. Commonwealth of Virginia. Retrieved 18 January 2024.
  20. ^ "Phil Plait New JREF President". Retrieved August 8, 2008.
  21. ^ James Randi. "Exciting Times at The JREF". JREF News. Retrieved December 21, 2009.
  22. ^ . Archived from the original on 2012-10-11. Retrieved September 5, 2009. SF Weekly, August 24, 2009, online version, p. 2: "One of his friends, Internet pioneer Rick Adams, put up $1 million in 1996."
  23. ^ "About James Randi". JREF. 2015. Retrieved 2016-12-26.
  24. ^ Board of Directors of The James Randi Educational Foundation. "JREF Status". James Randi Educational Foundation. James Randi Educational Foundation. Retrieved 15 October 2016.
  25. ^ . James Randi Educational Foundation. December 12, 2011. Archived from the original on April 21, 2015.
  26. ^ . James Randi Educational Foundation. May 15, 2013. Archived from the original on July 9, 2013. Retrieved 2013-07-02.
  27. ^ "The Randi Show". Youtube.com. Retrieved 2013-07-02.
  28. ^ Hall, Harriet. "Science Based Medicine". JREF. Archived from the original on 2021-12-11. Retrieved 14 June 2016.
  29. ^ "JREF Video Channel on YouTube". Youtube.com. Retrieved 2013-07-02.
  30. ^ D.J. Grothe. "Enjoy the JREF on YouTube".
  31. ^ . Archived from the original on 2018-04-04. Retrieved 2018-12-14.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  32. ^ "Internet Audio Show". The James Randi Educational Foundation. 3 January 2002.
  33. ^ The James Randi Educational Foundation (3 January 2002). "Internet Audio Show". iTunes.
  34. ^ "Forum Homepage". forums.randi.org/. Retrieved 2014-04-04.
  35. ^ "Educational Programs". randi.org. Retrieved 2014-04-04.
  36. ^ "The James Randi Educational Foundation Scholarships". Randi.org. 2009-04-20. Retrieved 2009-06-15.
  37. ^ "Finance Camp". Finance Camp.
  38. ^ "JREF Offers a Number of Scholarships and Grants for Students, Educators and Local Skeptic Groups". Randi.org. Retrieved 2013-07-02.
  39. ^ "JREF tax filing 2012" (PDF). Guidestar.org. Retrieved 2013-11-07.
  40. ^ "2017 JREF Award". JREF. Retrieved 2019-02-28.
  41. ^ "2018 JREF Award". JREF. Retrieved 2023-02-28.
  42. ^ "2020 JREF Award". JREF. Retrieved 2023-02-28.
  43. ^ "JREF Award". JREF. Retrieved 2023-02-28.
  44. ^ Romhany, Paul (2024). "Project Alpha". Digital Vanish Magazine (Special Edition): 26. Retrieved 20 January 2024.

Further reading edit

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to James Randi Educational Foundation.
  • Official website
  • International Skeptics Forum

May 11, 2024
james, randi, educational, foundation, jref, american, grant, making, institution, founded, 1996, magician, skeptic, james, randi, nonprofit, organization, mission, jref, includes, educating, public, media, dangers, accepting, unproven, claims, support, resear. James Randi Educational Foundation JREF is an American grant making institution founded in 1996 by magician and skeptic James Randi As a nonprofit organization the mission of JREF includes educating the public and the media on the dangers of accepting unproven claims and to support research into paranormal claims in controlled scientific experimental conditions The organization announced its change to a grant making foundation in September 2015 12 James Randi Educational FoundationFounded1996FounderJames RandiType501 c 3 Registration no 65 0649443PurposePromote critical thinking and investigate claims of the paranormal pseudoscientific and supernaturalLocationFalls Church VirginiaKey peopleBanachek PresidentRick Adams Treasurer Assis Secretary Board of DirectorsDaniel Chip Denman Secretary Board of DirectorsRevenueUS 35 258 in 2022 1 US 268 727 in 2021 2 US 257 818 in 2020 3 US 88 828 in 2019 4 US 630 928 in 2018 5 US 156 615 in 2017 6 US 1 133 731 in 2014 7 US 887 595 in 2013 8 US 1 293 878 in 2012 9 US 1 564 266 in 2011 9 US 852 445 10 2009 38 on 2008 17 on 2009 11 Websiteweb wbr randi wbr org The organization previously administered the One Million Dollar Paranormal Challenge a prize of one million U S dollars to anyone who could demonstrate a supernatural or paranormal ability under agreed upon scientific testing criteria JREF also maintains a legal defense fund to assist persons who are attacked as a result of investigating or criticizing those making paranormal claims 13 The organization has been funded through member contributions grants and conferences though it ceased accepting memberships after 2015 For several years the JREF website published the blog Swift which included news and information as well as exposes of paranormal claimants 14 Contents 1 History 2 The One Million Dollar Paranormal Challenge 3 The Amaz ng Meeting 4 Podcasts and videos 5 Forum and online community 6 JREF Award 7 See also 8 References 9 Further reading 10 External linksHistory editThe JREF officially came into existence on February 29 1996 when it was registered as a nonprofit corporation in the State of Delaware in the United States 15 On April 3 1996 Randi formally announced the creation of the JREF through his email hotline 16 It is now headquartered in Falls Church Virginia 17 THE FOUNDATION IS IN BUSINESS It is my great pleasure to announce the creation of the James Randi Educational Foundation This is a non profit tax exempt educational foundation under Section 501 c 3 of the Internal Revenue Code incorporated in the State of Delaware The Foundation is generously funded by a sponsor in Washington D C who wishes at this point in time to remain anonymous The Foundation Randi Hotline Wed April 3 1996 Randi says Johnny Carson was a major sponsor giving several six figure donations 18 The officers of the JREF are 19 President Banachek Las Vegas NV Director Secretary Assistant Secretary Richard L Adams Jr Ft Lauderdale Florida Director Secretary Daniel Denman Silver Spring Maryland In 2008 the astronomer Philip Plait became the new president of the JREF and Randi its board chairman 20 In December 2009 Plait left the JREF due to involvement in a television project and D J Grothe assumed the position of president on January 1 2010 21 holding the position until his departure from the JREF was announced on September 1 2014 17 The San Francisco newspaper SF Weekly reported on August 24 2009 that Randi s annual salary was about 200 000 22 Randi resigned from JREF in 2015 23 The One Million Dollar Paranormal Challenge editMain article One Million Dollar Paranormal Challenge In 1964 Randi began offering a prize of US 1 000 to anyone who could demonstrate a paranormal ability under agreed upon testing conditions This prize has since been increased to US 1 million in bonds and is now administered by the JREF Since its inception more than 1 000 people have applied to be tested To date no one has been able to demonstrate their claimed abilities under the testing conditions all applicants either failing to demonstrate the claimed ability during the test or deviating from the foundation conditions for taking the test such that any apparent success was held invalid the prize money remains unclaimed However in 2015 the James Randi Educational Foundation said they will no longer accept applications directly from people claiming to have a paranormal power but will offer the challenge to anyone who has passed a preliminary test that meets with their approval 24 The Amaz ng Meeting editMain article The Amaz ng Meeting From 2003 to 2015 the JREF annually hosted The Amaz ng Meeting a gathering of scientists skeptics and atheists Perennial speakers include Richard Dawkins Penn amp Teller Phil Plait Michael Shermer and Adam Savage Podcasts and videos editThe foundation produced two audio podcasts For Good Reason which was an interview program hosted by D J Grothe promoting critical thinking and skepticism about the central beliefs of society It has not been active since December 2011 25 Consequence was a biweekly podcast hosted by former outreach coordinator Brian Thompson in which regular people shared their personal narratives about the negative impact a belief in pseudoscience superstition and the paranormal had had on their lives It has not been active since May 2013 26 The JREF also produced a regular video cast and YouTube show The Randi Show in which former JREF outreach coordinator Brian Thompson interviewed Randi on a variety of skeptical topics often with lighthearted or comedic commentary 27 It has not been active since August 2012 In November 2015 Harriet Hall produced a series of ten lectures called Science Based Medicine for the JREF The videos deal with various complementary alternative medicine subjects including homeopathy chiropractic acupuncture and more 28 The JREF posted many of its educational videos from The Amaz ng Meeting and other events online There are lectures by Neil DeGrasse Tyson Carol Tavris Lawrence Krauss live tests of the One Million Dollar Paranormal Challenge workshops on cold reading by Ray Hyman and panels featuring leading thinking on various topics related to JREF s educational mission on the JREF YouTube channel 29 JREF past president D J Grothe has claimed that the JREF s YouTube channel was once the 10th most subscribed nonprofit channel of all time 30 though its status in 2013 was 39th and most non profits do not register for this status 31 The foundation produced its own Internet Audio Show which ran from January December 2002 and was broadcast via a live stream The archive can be found as mp3 files on the JREF website 32 and as a podcast on iTunes 33 Forum and online community editAs part of the JREF s goal of educating the general population about science and reason people involved in their community ran a popular skeptic based online forum 34 with the overall goal of promoting critical thinking and providing the public with the tools needed to reliably examine paranormal supernatural and pseudoscientific claims 35 On October 5 2014 this online forum was divorced from the JREF and moved as its own entity to International Skeptics Forum nbsp Swoopy from Skepticality podcast interviews actress and comedienne Julia Sweeney at The Amazing Meeting nbsp Two zombies hold a check for one million dollars for James Van Praagh if he can prove he can talk to the dead nbsp Origami Pigasus invented for the JREF by Richard Saunders In 2007 the JREF announced it would resume awarding critical thinking scholarships to college students after a brief hiatus due to the lack of funding 36 The JREF has also helped to support local grassroot efforts and outreach endeavors such as SkeptiCamp Camp Inquiry 37 and various community organized conferences 38 However according to their tax filing they spend less than 2 000 a year on other organizations or individuals 39 JREF Award edit source source source James Randi announces Susan Gerbic has won the JREF prize for 2017 The JREF Award is given to the person or organization that best represents the spirit of the foundation by encouraging critical questions and seeking unbiased fact based answers Some of the recipients include the following 2017 Susan Gerbic 40 2018 Jen Gunter 41 2020 Sarah McAnulty 42 2022 Kathleen Dyer and Raymond Hall 43 2023 Janyce Boynton 44 See also editAn Encyclopedia of Claims Frauds and Hoaxes of the Occult and Supernatural by Randi Debunker List of prizes for evidence of the paranormal Pigasus Award Rationalist Prabir Ghosh increases his challenge amount to 50 000 against any claim of paranormal after surviving nine assassination attempts Skeptic s Dictionary by Robert Todd CarrollReferences edit 990 Form from 2022 for The James Randi Educational Foundation 990s foundationcenter org Cause IQ Archived from the original on 2024 03 31 Retrieved 2024 03 31 990 Form from 2021 for The James Randi Educational Foundation 990s foundationcenter org Cause IQ Archived from the original on 2024 03 31 Retrieved 2024 03 31 990 Form from 2020 for The James Randi Educational Foundation 990s foundationcenter org Cause IQ Archived from the original on 2024 03 31 Retrieved 2024 03 31 990 Form from 2019 for The James Randi Educational Foundation 990s foundationcenter org Candid Archived from the original on 2024 03 31 Retrieved 2024 03 31 990 Form from 2018 for The James Randi Educational Foundation 990s foundationcenter org Candid Archived from the original on 2024 03 31 Retrieved 2024 03 31 990 Form from 2017 for The James Randi Educational Foundation 990s foundationcenter org Candid Archived from the original on 2024 03 31 Retrieved 2024 03 31 990 Form from 2014 for The James Randi Educational Foundation PDF 990s foundationcenter org Candid Archived PDF from the original on 2023 04 02 Retrieved 2024 03 31 990 Form from 2013 for The James Randi Educational Foundation a b 990 Form from 2012 for The James Randi Educational Foundation 2009 Form 990 PDF GuideStar Retrieved 11 September 2011 Form 990 for 2010 PDF GuideStar Retrieved 12 September 2011 JREF Status James Randi Educational Foundation JREF Retrieved 3 September 2015 Dunning Brian 2013 07 23 Skeptoid 372 Prove Your Supernatural Power and Get Rich Skeptoid Retrieved 2014 01 04 JREF Swift Blog Retrieved 2016 03 31 JREF Swift Blog Department of State Division of Corporations Entity Details The James Randi Educational Foundation Archived from the original on 2014 01 10 Retrieved 2012 03 03 Delaware Dept of State Division of Corporations official website Corporation Name Search The James Randi Educational Foundation Incorporation Date Formation Date February 29 1996 Entity Type Non Profit or Religious Home JREF a b Los Angeles Office Closed James Randi Educational Foundation September 1 2014 Retrieved 2014 09 02 James Randi A Good Friend Has Left Us JREF Archived from the original on 2009 07 09 John was generous kind and caring The JREF received several checks 6 figure checks Clerk s Information System scc virginia gov Commonwealth of Virginia Retrieved 18 January 2024 Phil Plait New JREF President Retrieved August 8 2008 James Randi Exciting Times at The JREF JREF News Retrieved December 21 2009 The Demystifying Adventures of the Amazing Randi Archived from the original on 2012 10 11 Retrieved September 5 2009 SF Weekly August 24 2009 online version p 2 One of his friends Internet pioneer Rick Adams put up 1 million in 1996 About James Randi JREF 2015 Retrieved 2016 12 26 Board of Directors of The James Randi Educational Foundation JREF Status James Randi Educational Foundation James Randi Educational Foundation Retrieved 15 October 2016 For Good Reason podcast Episode Archive James Randi Educational Foundation December 12 2011 Archived from the original on April 21 2015 Consequence Podcast James Randi Educational Foundation May 15 2013 Archived from the original on July 9 2013 Retrieved 2013 07 02 The Randi Show Youtube com Retrieved 2013 07 02 Hall Harriet Science Based Medicine JREF Archived from the original on 2021 12 11 Retrieved 14 June 2016 JREF Video Channel on YouTube Youtube com Retrieved 2013 07 02 D J Grothe Enjoy the JREF on YouTube YouTube Top 100 Most Subscribed Non Profit amp Activism Channels List Top by Subscribers Archived from the original on 2018 04 04 Retrieved 2018 12 14 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint unfit URL link Internet Audio Show The James Randi Educational Foundation 3 January 2002 The James Randi Educational Foundation 3 January 2002 Internet Audio Show iTunes Forum Homepage forums randi org Retrieved 2014 04 04 Educational Programs randi org Retrieved 2014 04 04 The James Randi Educational Foundation Scholarships Randi org 2009 04 20 Retrieved 2009 06 15 Finance Camp Finance Camp JREF Offers a Number of Scholarships and Grants for Students Educators and Local Skeptic Groups Randi org Retrieved 2013 07 02 JREF tax filing 2012 PDF Guidestar org Retrieved 2013 11 07 2017 JREF Award JREF Retrieved 2019 02 28 2018 JREF Award JREF Retrieved 2023 02 28 2020 JREF Award JREF Retrieved 2023 02 28 JREF Award JREF Retrieved 2023 02 28 Romhany Paul 2024 Project Alpha Digital Vanish Magazine Special Edition 26 Retrieved 20 January 2024 Further reading editChristopher Milbourne 1975 Mediums Mystics amp the Occult Thomas Y Crowell Co ISBN 0 690 00476 1 Polidoro Massimo 2003 Secrets of the Psychics Investigating Paranormal Claims Prometheus Books ISBN 1 59102 086 7 Randi James 1982 Flim Flam Prometheus Books ISBN 0 87975 198 3 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to James Randi Educational Foundation Official website International Skeptics Forum Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title James Randi Educational Foundation amp oldid 1216457091, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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