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Jænberht

January 01, 1970

Jænberht[a] (died 12 August 792) was a medieval monk, and later the abbot, of St Augustine's Abbey, Canterbury, who was named Archbishop of Canterbury in 765. As archbishop, he had a difficult relationship with King Offa of Mercia, who at one point confiscated lands from the archbishopric. By 787, some of the bishoprics under Canterbury's supervision were transferred to the control of the newly created Archbishopric of Lichfield, although it is not clear if Jænberht ever recognised its legitimacy. Besides the issue with Lichfield, Jænberht also presided over church councils in England. He died in 792 and was considered a saint after his death.

Jænberht
Archbishop of Canterbury
Appointedbefore February 765
Term ended12 August 792
PredecessorBregowine
SuccessorÆthelhard
Orders
Consecration2 February 765
Personal details
Died12 August 792
Sainthood
Feast day12 August
Venerated in
CanonizedPre-Congregation

Early life edit

Jænberht was a monk at St Augustine's Abbey, Canterbury before being selected as abbot of that monastic house.[3] He came from a prominent family in the kingdom of Kent, and a kinsman of his, Eadhun, was the reeve of King Egbert II of Kent. Jænberht himself was on good terms with Egbert.[4]

Archbishop of Canterbury edit

Jænberht was consecrated Archbishop of Canterbury on 2 February 765,[5] at the court of King Offa of Mercia; this location implies that his election was acceptable to the king.[6] In 766, he received a pallium, the symbol of an archbishop's authority given by the papacy. At this time, Kent had been subjected by Offa; in 776, perhaps at the urging of Jænberht, Kent rebelled and secured its freedom.[7] In 780 and 781, Jænberht attended church councils at Brentford that were led by King Offa. Although initially on good terms with Offa, Jænberht's ties to Egbert were also strong: after the Battle of Otford, Egbert granted a number of estates to Christ Church. When Offa reasserted control over Kent, which occurred by 785 at the latest, he confiscated these lands and regranted to some of his thegns.[6]

Elevation of Lichfield edit

During Jænberht's term of office, a dispute arose between the see of Canterbury and Offa which led in 787 to the creation of the rival Archdiocese of Lichfield under Hygberht.[8] Originally, Offa attempted to bring the southern archbishopric of Canterbury to London, but when the papacy refused permission, Offa secured the creation of a third archbishopric in the British Isles. Lichfield was the main Mercian bishopric, and thus the new archbishopric was under Offa's control.[9] There were several reasons for the conflict between Jænberht and Offa. Jænberht opposed Offa's deposition of the Kentish dynasty. They conflicted over land which they both claimed as theirs, and Jænberht refused to crown Offa's son Ecgfrith.[8] Problems were also caused by the archbishop minting his own coins at Canterbury.[10] Matthew Paris, writing in the thirteenth century, stated that Jænberht conspired to admit Charlemagne to Canterbury if he invaded Britain. This story may reflect a genuine tradition recorded at St Albans Abbey, where Paris was based, or it may be a fabrication to fill in details of Jænberht's life where Paris had no other information.[6] A rumour during Jænberht's reign also falsely claimed that Offa was plotting with Charlemagne to depose Pope Hadrian I; at least one modern historian, Simon Keynes, believes it possible Jænberht was behind the rumour.[7] Offa's eventual successor later admitted to the papacy that Offa's actions had been motivated by hatred of Jænberht and the Kentish people.[11]

In 787, Pope Hadrian sent a pallium to Hygberht of Lichfield, elevating Lichfield to an archbishopric, and Ecgfrith was crowned. There is no extant contemporary evidence, however, that Jænberht ever recognised Hygberht as an archbishop.[6][b] Canterbury retained as suffragans the bishops of Winchester, Sherborne, Selsey, Rochester, and London. The dioceses of Worcester, Hereford, Leicester, Lindsey, Dommoc and Elmham were transferred to Lichfield.[12]

Later life edit

Jænberht presided at a council held at London, sometime after the elevation of Lichfield, attended by most of the bishops from southern Britain.[13] He died on 12 August 792,[3][5][7] and was buried in the abbey church of St Augustine's Abbey in Canterbury.[3][7] He has since been revered as a saint, with a feast day of 12 August.[1]

Notes edit

  1. ^ Also Gengbeorht, Iaenbeohrt, Jaenbeorht, Jaenberht, Jaenbert, Jænbert, or Jambert[1][2]
  2. ^ The archbishopric at Lichfield was abolished after Offa's death, and was no longer an archdiocese by 803.[9]

Citations edit

  1. ^ a b c Farmer Oxford Dictionary of Saints p. 268
  2. ^ Searle "Gengbeorht", "Iaenbeorht" Onomasticon Anglo-Saxonicum
  3. ^ a b c Costambeys "Jænberht" Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
  4. ^ Yorke Kings and Kingdoms p. 43
  5. ^ a b Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 214
  6. ^ a b c d Brooks Early History of the Church of Canterbury pp. 113–120
  7. ^ a b c d Keynes "Jænberht" Blackwell Encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England
  8. ^ a b Yorke Kings and Kingdoms pp. 116–117
  9. ^ a b Yorke Conversion of Britain p. 151
  10. ^ Hindley Brief History of the Anglo-Saxons p. 106
  11. ^ Witney "Period of Mercian Rule in Kent" Archæologia Cantiana p. 89
  12. ^ Kirby Earliest English Kings p. 144
  13. ^ Kirby Earliest English Kings p. 143

References edit

  • Brooks, Nicholas (1984). The Early History of the Church of Canterbury: Christ Church from 597 to 1066. London: Leicester University Press. ISBN 0-7185-0041-5.
  • Costambeys, Marios (2004). "Jænberht (d. 792)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/14581. Retrieved 7 November 2007. (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  • Farmer, David Hugh (2004). Oxford Dictionary of Saints (Fifth ed.). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-860949-0.
  • Fryde, E. B.; Greenway, D. E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I. (1996). Handbook of British Chronology (Third revised ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-56350-X.
  • Hindley, Geoffrey (2006). A Brief History of the Anglo-Saxons: The Beginnings of the English Nation. New York: Carroll & Graf Publishers. ISBN 978-0-7867-1738-5.
  • Kirby, D. P. (2000). The Earliest English Kings. New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-24211-8.
  • Keynes, Simon (2013). "Jænberht". In Lapidge, Michael; Blair, John; Keynes, Simon; Scragg, Donald (eds.). The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 479–480. ISBN 978-1-118-31610-8.
  • Searle, W. G. (1897). Onomasticon Anglo-Saxonicum: A List of Anglo-Saxon Proper Names From the Time of Beda to That of King John. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. OCLC 253420508.
  • Witney, K. P. (1987). "The Period of Mercian Rule in Kent, and a Charter of A. D. 811". Archaeologia Cantiana. CIV: 87–113.  
  • Yorke, Barbara (2006). The Conversion of Britain: Religion, Politics and Society in Britain c. 600–800. London: Pearson/Longman. ISBN 0-582-77292-3.
  • Yorke, Barbara (1997). Kings and Kingdoms of Early Anglo-Saxon England. New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-16639-X.

External links edit

Christian titles
Preceded by Archbishop of Canterbury
765–792 		Succeeded by

January 01, 1970
jænberht, died, august, medieval, monk, later, abbot, augustine, abbey, canterbury, named, archbishop, canterbury, archbishop, difficult, relationship, with, king, offa, mercia, point, confiscated, lands, from, archbishopric, some, bishoprics, under, canterbur. Jaenberht a died 12 August 792 was a medieval monk and later the abbot of St Augustine s Abbey Canterbury who was named Archbishop of Canterbury in 765 As archbishop he had a difficult relationship with King Offa of Mercia who at one point confiscated lands from the archbishopric By 787 some of the bishoprics under Canterbury s supervision were transferred to the control of the newly created Archbishopric of Lichfield although it is not clear if Jaenberht ever recognised its legitimacy Besides the issue with Lichfield Jaenberht also presided over church councils in England He died in 792 and was considered a saint after his death JaenberhtArchbishop of CanterburyAppointedbefore February 765Term ended12 August 792PredecessorBregowineSuccessorAEthelhardOrdersConsecration2 February 765Personal detailsDied12 August 792SainthoodFeast day12 AugustVenerated inRoman Catholic Church 1 Eastern Orthodox ChurchCanonizedPre Congregation Contents 1 Early life 2 Archbishop of Canterbury 3 Elevation of Lichfield 4 Later life 5 Notes 6 Citations 7 References 8 External linksEarly life editJaenberht was a monk at St Augustine s Abbey Canterbury before being selected as abbot of that monastic house 3 He came from a prominent family in the kingdom of Kent and a kinsman of his Eadhun was the reeve of King Egbert II of Kent Jaenberht himself was on good terms with Egbert 4 Archbishop of Canterbury editJaenberht was consecrated Archbishop of Canterbury on 2 February 765 5 at the court of King Offa of Mercia this location implies that his election was acceptable to the king 6 In 766 he received a pallium the symbol of an archbishop s authority given by the papacy At this time Kent had been subjected by Offa in 776 perhaps at the urging of Jaenberht Kent rebelled and secured its freedom 7 In 780 and 781 Jaenberht attended church councils at Brentford that were led by King Offa Although initially on good terms with Offa Jaenberht s ties to Egbert were also strong after the Battle of Otford Egbert granted a number of estates to Christ Church When Offa reasserted control over Kent which occurred by 785 at the latest he confiscated these lands and regranted to some of his thegns 6 Elevation of Lichfield editDuring Jaenberht s term of office a dispute arose between the see of Canterbury and Offa which led in 787 to the creation of the rival Archdiocese of Lichfield under Hygberht 8 Originally Offa attempted to bring the southern archbishopric of Canterbury to London but when the papacy refused permission Offa secured the creation of a third archbishopric in the British Isles Lichfield was the main Mercian bishopric and thus the new archbishopric was under Offa s control 9 There were several reasons for the conflict between Jaenberht and Offa Jaenberht opposed Offa s deposition of the Kentish dynasty They conflicted over land which they both claimed as theirs and Jaenberht refused to crown Offa s son Ecgfrith 8 Problems were also caused by the archbishop minting his own coins at Canterbury 10 Matthew Paris writing in the thirteenth century stated that Jaenberht conspired to admit Charlemagne to Canterbury if he invaded Britain This story may reflect a genuine tradition recorded at St Albans Abbey where Paris was based or it may be a fabrication to fill in details of Jaenberht s life where Paris had no other information 6 A rumour during Jaenberht s reign also falsely claimed that Offa was plotting with Charlemagne to depose Pope Hadrian I at least one modern historian Simon Keynes believes it possible Jaenberht was behind the rumour 7 Offa s eventual successor later admitted to the papacy that Offa s actions had been motivated by hatred of Jaenberht and the Kentish people 11 In 787 Pope Hadrian sent a pallium to Hygberht of Lichfield elevating Lichfield to an archbishopric and Ecgfrith was crowned There is no extant contemporary evidence however that Jaenberht ever recognised Hygberht as an archbishop 6 b Canterbury retained as suffragans the bishops of Winchester Sherborne Selsey Rochester and London The dioceses of Worcester Hereford Leicester Lindsey Dommoc and Elmham were transferred to Lichfield 12 Later life editJaenberht presided at a council held at London sometime after the elevation of Lichfield attended by most of the bishops from southern Britain 13 He died on 12 August 792 3 5 7 and was buried in the abbey church of St Augustine s Abbey in Canterbury 3 7 He has since been revered as a saint with a feast day of 12 August 1 Notes edit Also Gengbeorht Iaenbeohrt Jaenbeorht Jaenberht Jaenbert Jaenbert or Jambert 1 2 The archbishopric at Lichfield was abolished after Offa s death and was no longer an archdiocese by 803 9 Citations edit a b c Farmer Oxford Dictionary of Saints p 268 Searle Gengbeorht Iaenbeorht Onomasticon Anglo Saxonicum a b c Costambeys Jaenberht Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Yorke Kings and Kingdoms p 43 a b Fryde et al Handbook of British Chronology p 214 a b c d Brooks Early History of the Church of Canterbury pp 113 120 a b c d Keynes Jaenberht Blackwell Encyclopedia of Anglo Saxon England a b Yorke Kings and Kingdoms pp 116 117 a b Yorke Conversion of Britain p 151 Hindley Brief History of the Anglo Saxons p 106 Witney Period of Mercian Rule in Kent Archaeologia Cantiana p 89 Kirby Earliest English Kings p 144 Kirby Earliest English Kings p 143References editBrooks Nicholas 1984 The Early History of the Church of Canterbury Christ Church from 597 to 1066 London Leicester University Press ISBN 0 7185 0041 5 Costambeys Marios 2004 Jaenberht d 792 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 ref odnb 14581 Retrieved 7 November 2007 subscription or UK public library membership required Farmer David Hugh 2004 Oxford Dictionary of Saints Fifth ed Oxford UK Oxford University Press ISBN 978 0 19 860949 0 Fryde E B Greenway D E Porter S Roy I 1996 Handbook of British Chronology Third revised ed Cambridge Cambridge University Press ISBN 0 521 56350 X Hindley Geoffrey 2006 A Brief History of the Anglo Saxons The Beginnings of the English Nation New York Carroll amp Graf Publishers ISBN 978 0 7867 1738 5 Kirby D P 2000 The Earliest English Kings New York Routledge ISBN 0 415 24211 8 Keynes Simon 2013 Jaenberht In Lapidge Michael Blair John Keynes Simon Scragg Donald eds The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Anglo Saxon England Chichester UK John Wiley amp Sons pp 479 480 ISBN 978 1 118 31610 8 Searle W G 1897 Onomasticon Anglo Saxonicum A List of Anglo Saxon Proper Names From the Time of Beda to That of King John Cambridge Cambridge University Press OCLC 253420508 Witney K P 1987 The Period of Mercian Rule in Kent and a Charter of A D 811 Archaeologia Cantiana CIV 87 113 nbsp Yorke Barbara 2006 The Conversion of Britain Religion Politics and Society in Britain c 600 800 London Pearson Longman ISBN 0 582 77292 3 Yorke Barbara 1997 Kings and Kingdoms of Early Anglo Saxon England New York Routledge ISBN 0 415 16639 X External links editJaenberht 1 at Prosopography of Anglo Saxon England Christian titles Preceded byBregowine Archbishop of Canterbury765 792 Succeeded byAEthelhard Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Jaenberht amp oldid 1170226748, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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