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Irish royal families were the dynasties that once ruled large "overkingdoms" and smaller petty kingdoms on the island of Ireland. Members of some of these families still own land and live in the same broad locations.
The Irish High Kings, seated at Tara, were sometimes recognised as supreme kings of the island from the time of Mael Seachnaill I (9th century), but the reality is that they were usually "kings with opposition", ruling maybe two or three of Ireland's provinces. In the period when the institution of high kingship existed, Ireland did not conduct much formal international diplomacy. After the Anglo-Norman invasion (1169 and forward), the native kingdoms lost status over time, though, for example, the Kingdom of Tyrconnell maintained occasional international relations and exchanged ambassadors with the Royal Courts of Scotland, Spain, and the Papacy. As was the case with the nations in what is now England, Scotland and Wales, the more powerful of the kingdoms of Ireland all regarded themselves as fully independent entities, rather as Germany was until 1871. In several cases they claimed utterly different racial backgrounds from neighbours, Ireland being home to "races" such as the Delbhna, Conmaicne Mara, Cruithne, Eóganachta or Deirgtine, Érainn, Fir Bolg, Grecraighe, Laigin, Ulaid, Mairtine, Dáirine, and a host of others. Few claimed to be homogeneous, despite later attempts to make them so.
Surrender and regrant in the 16th century
From the 1530s Henry VIII of England adopted a policy of Surrender and regrant, whereby the ruling families would surrender the clan lands to the Crown who would grant them titles within the English legal system. In 1555 the Irish College of Arms was set up in Dublin to allow the new lords to acquire coats of arms as in the rest of Europe. This college generally accepted and copied the old genealogies. Some families successfully made the transition from kingdoms to earldoms or lordships – with the same ruling dynasty – into the 17th century and beyond, taking their seats in the Irish House of Lords. However, the wars of 1595–1603, 1641–1650 and 1689–1691 often resulted in a loss of land if they supported the losing side. By 1700 all had long been brought fully and firmly under the dominion of English rule, though local feeling for each area as a distinct entity lasted as least as late as the Great Famine. Many went into exile for educational or professional advancement (often in the military), while for those remaining the penal laws, especially relating to inheritance, over time meant many conformed to the Established Church and English culture to retain their land or risk losing it to family members who did. This further isolated them from their compatriots, the majority who remained Catholic.
Byrne, Francis J., Irish Kings and High-Kings. Four Courts Press. 2nd edition, 2001.
Curley, Walter J.P., Vanishing Kingdoms: The Irish Chiefs and their Families. Dublin: Lilliput Press. 2004.
Further reading
Blood Royal — From the time of Alexander the Great to Queen Elizabeth II, by Charles Mosley, published for Ruvigny Ltd., London, 2002 ISBN0-9524229-9-9
Vicissitudes of Families, by Sir Bernard Burke, Ulster King of Arms, published by Longman, Green, Longman and Roberts, Paternoster Row, London, 1861.
The Fate and Fortunes of the Earls of Tyrone (Hugh O’Neill) and Tyrconnell (Rory O’Donel), their flight from Ireland and death in exile, by the Rev. C. P. Meehan, M.R.I.A., 2nd edition, James Duffy, London, 1870.
A View of the Legal Institutions, Honorary Hereditary Offices, and Feudal Baronies established in Ireland, by William Lynch, Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries, published by Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green, Paternoster Row, London, 1830.
May 04, 2023
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This article has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Irish royal families news newspapers books scholar JSTOR September 2013 Learn how and when to remove this template message This article is written like a personal reflection personal essay or argumentative essay that states a Wikipedia editor s personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic Please help improve it by rewriting it in an encyclopedic style October 2020 Learn how and when to remove this template message This article needs attention from an expert in WikiProject Ireland The specific problem is Incoherent article whose point and focus are unclear See the talk page for details WikiProject WikiProject Ireland may be able to help recruit an expert October 2020 Learn how and when to remove this template message Irish royal families were the dynasties that once ruled large overkingdoms and smaller petty kingdoms on the island of Ireland Members of some of these families still own land and live in the same broad locations Contents 1 Locality 2 Surrender and regrant in the 16th century 3 See also 4 References 5 Further readingLocality EditSignificant kingdoms known from early historical times 2nd 7th centuries included Eoganachta Corcu Loigde Connachta Ui Fiachrach Breifne Aileach Airgialla Dal Riata Ultonia Brega Mide Laigin Osraige Laois Muma Iarmuman Desmumu Tuadmumu Hy Many Some disappeared or were annexed while others were self governing until the end of the 16th century The Irish High Kings seated at Tara were sometimes recognised as supreme kings of the island from the time of Mael Seachnaill I 9th century but the reality is that they were usually kings with opposition ruling maybe two or three of Ireland s provinces In the period when the institution of high kingship existed Ireland did not conduct much formal international diplomacy After the Anglo Norman invasion 1169 and forward the native kingdoms lost status over time though for example the Kingdom of Tyrconnell maintained occasional international relations and exchanged ambassadors with the Royal Courts of Scotland Spain and the Papacy As was the case with the nations in what is now England Scotland and Wales the more powerful of the kingdoms of Ireland all regarded themselves as fully independent entities rather as Germany was until 1871 In several cases they claimed utterly different racial backgrounds from neighbours Ireland being home to races such as the Delbhna Conmaicne Mara Cruithne Eoganachta or Deirgtine Erainn Fir Bolg Grecraighe Laigin Ulaid Mairtine Dairine and a host of others Few claimed to be homogeneous despite later attempts to make them so Surrender and regrant in the 16th century EditFrom the 1530s Henry VIII of England adopted a policy of Surrender and regrant whereby the ruling families would surrender the clan lands to the Crown who would grant them titles within the English legal system In 1555 the Irish College of Arms was set up in Dublin to allow the new lords to acquire coats of arms as in the rest of Europe This college generally accepted and copied the old genealogies Some families successfully made the transition from kingdoms to earldoms or lordships with the same ruling dynasty into the 17th century and beyond taking their seats in the Irish House of Lords However the wars of 1595 1603 1641 1650 and 1689 1691 often resulted in a loss of land if they supported the losing side By 1700 all had long been brought fully and firmly under the dominion of English rule though local feeling for each area as a distinct entity lasted as least as late as the Great Famine Many went into exile for educational or professional advancement often in the military while for those remaining the penal laws especially relating to inheritance over time meant many conformed to the Established Church and English culture to retain their land or risk losing it to family members who did This further isolated them from their compatriots the majority who remained Catholic See also EditKingdoms of Ireland Petty kingdom Irish kings Irish nobility Chief of the Name O Donnell dynasty O Brien dynasty MacDunleavy dynasty Irish genealogyReferences EditByrne Francis J Irish Kings and High Kings Four Courts Press 2nd edition 2001 Curley Walter J P Vanishing Kingdoms The Irish Chiefs and their Families Dublin Lilliput Press 2004 Further reading EditBlood Royal From the time of Alexander the Great to Queen Elizabeth II by Charles Mosley published for Ruvigny Ltd London 2002 ISBN 0 9524229 9 9 Vicissitudes of Families by Sir Bernard Burke Ulster King of Arms published by Longman Green Longman and Roberts Paternoster Row London 1861 The Fate and Fortunes of the Earls of Tyrone Hugh O Neill and Tyrconnell Rory O Donel their flight from Ireland and death in exile by the Rev C P Meehan M R I A 2nd edition James Duffy London 1870 A View of the Legal Institutions Honorary Hereditary Offices and Feudal Baronies established in Ireland by William Lynch Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries published by Longman Rees Orme Brown and Green Paternoster Row London 1830 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Irish royal families amp oldid 1149623932, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
