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Inuyama Castle

August 16, 2023

Inuyama Castle (犬山城, Inuyama-jō) is a yamajiro-style Japanese castle located in the city of Inuyama, Aichi Prefecture, Japan. The castle overlooks the Kiso River, which serves as the border between Aichi and Gifu Prefectures. The tenshu of Inuyama Castle, one of only 12 pre-modern tenshu remaining in existence, has been determined to be the oldest remaining tenshu, dating from the late 1580s. The castle has been a National Historic Site since 2018.[1]

Inuyama Castle
犬山城
Chūbu (Tōkai) Inuyama, Aichi Prefecture, Japan
Tenshu of Inuyama Castle
Inuyama Castle
Inuyama Castle
Coordinates35°23′18″N 136°56′21″E / 35.38833°N 136.93917°E / 35.38833; 136.93917
Height19 m (62 ft)
Site history
Built1537
Built byOda Hirochika
Garrison information
Past
commanders		Ikeda Tsuneoki, Oda Nobuyasu
OccupantsOda clan, Naruse clan

Background

Inuyama Castle is located on a hill overlooking the Kiso River in what is now the city of Inuyama. Inuyama Castle is the oldest of 12 castles to have retained its Tenshukaku intact. This main tower is small but due to its complex form, it shows different silhouettes depend on the angle. Among the 12 remaining main towers, the tenshu at Inuyama Castle is designated as a National Treasure of Japan,[2] as are Matsumoto Castle, Hikone Castle and Himeji Castle.

History

According to the Heian period Engishiki a Shinto shrine, the Haritsuna Shrine was moved to make way for the castle. The structure was rebuilt several times in the Muromachi period and the current configuration was largely the work of Oda Nobukatsu, Oda Nobunaga's son. The antiquated architectural style of the watchtower atop the tenshu has in the past led many historians to believe this to be the oldest extant tenshu in Japan, which was confirmed through tree rings in the construction materials dating the structure to the 1580s.[3] Construction and renovations continued through 1620.[4]

Inuyama Castle was the final obstacle against Oda Nobunaga's unification of Owari Province. After Nobunaga had defeated the Imagawa clan at the Battle of Okehazama in 1560, his cousin, Oda Nobukiyo, seized Inuyama Castle with the support of Saito Yoshitatsu on Mino Province. Nobunaga recaptured the castle in 1564. After Nobunaga's death, Toyotomi Hideyoshi appointed Ishikawa Sadakiyo as castellan of Inuyama. Ishikawa rebuilt the defenses of the castle in line with contemporary designs and the current shape of the donjon is a result of this reconstruction. After the Battle of Sekigahara, the victorious Tokugawa Ieyasu expelled the Ishikawa clan and turned the castle over to Owari Domain.

Under the Tokugawa shogunate, the castle was governed by the Naruse clan, who ruled as daimyō of Inuyama Domain as vassals of the Owari Tokugawa clan until the Meiji restoration. The new Meiji government seized Inuyama Castle in 1871 and destroyed all of its auxiliary buildings except for the tenshu; however, after the castle was damaged in the Great Nōbi earthquake, and it was returned to the Naruse family in 1895, on the condition that they repair and maintain it. The castle was thus unique in Japan in that it was privately owned.

In 2004, ownership of the castle was turned over to a non-profit foundation set up by the Aichi Prefecture's Board of Education.[5]

It was long believed that the tenshu of Inuyama Castle was moved to the castle from Kanayama Castle in 1599, until such theory was disproved as a result of examination through a large scale restoration work, involving the dismantling of the tenshu, carried out between 1961 and 1965.[6]

  •  

    A view of the castle, taken in 1937

  •  

    Inuyama Castle and Kiso River

  •  

    Castle Town

  •  

    Inuyama Festival

  •  

    Inuyama Castle and karakuri float

  •  

    Karakuri float

  •  

    Inuyama castle front gate

Castle Rulers

The castellans of Inuyama Castle are listed below in order with their dates of reign in parentheses. There were no castellans from 1612–1617 and 1869–1895.

  • Pre-Naruse Clan
  1. Oda Nobuyasu (1537–1547)
  2. Oda Nobuyuki (1547–1564)
  3. Ikeda Nobuteru (1570–1581)
  4. Oda Nobufusa (1581–1582)
  5. Nakagawa Sadanari (1582–1584)
  6. Ikeda Nobuteru (1584)
  7. Katō Yasukage (1584, proxy ruler)
  8. Takeda Kiyotoshi (1584–1587, proxy ruler)
  9. Hijikata Katsuyoshi (1587–1590, proxy ruler)
  10. Nagao Yoshifusa (1590–1592, proxy ruler)
  11. Miwa Gorōemon (1592–1595)
  12. Ishikawa Mitsuyoshi (1595–1600)
  13. Ogasawara Yoshitsugu (1601–1607)
  14. Hiraiwa Chikayoshi (1607–1612)
  • Naruse Clan
  1. Naruse Masanari (1617–1625)
  2. Naruse Masatora (1625–1659)
  3. Naruse Masachika (1659–1703)
  4. Naruse Masayuki (1703–1732)
  5. Naruse Masamoto (1732–1768)
  6. Naruse Masanori (1768–1809)
  7. Naruse Masanaga (1809–1838)
  8. Naruse Masazumi (1838–1857)
  9. Naruse Masamitsu (1857–1869, 1895–1903)
  10. Naruse Masao (1903–1949)
  11. Naruse Masakatsu (1949–1973)
  12. Naruse Masatoshi (1973–2004)

See also

Literature

  • De Lange, William (2021). An Encyclopedia of Japanese Castles. Groningen: Toyo Press. pp. 600 pages. ISBN 978-9492722300.

References

  1. ^ "新情報". National Treasure Inuyama Castle (in Japanese). Inuyama Castle. Retrieved 25 September 2019.
  2. ^ "犬山城天守". Cultural Heritage Online (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved 25 September 2018.
  3. ^ "Inuyama Castle keep confirmed to be oldest in Japan". Washington Post. 2021-03-30. Retrieved 2021-03-31 – via New Hampshire Union Leader.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  4. ^ Young, David and Michiko. Introduction to Japanese Architecture. Hong Kong: Periplus Editions, 2004. p100.
  5. ^ (in Japanese)http://www.inuyamajohb.org/
  6. ^ Nanjō, Norio; Tatsuya Naramoto (1989). Nihon no meijō kojō jiten (in Japanese). Hankyū Communications. p. 240. ISBN 9784484892085.
  • Benesch, Oleg and Ran Zwigenberg (2019). Japan's Castles: Citadels of Modernity in War and Peace. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 374. ISBN 9781108481946.
  • Schmorleitz, Morton S. (1974). Castles in Japan. Tokyo: Charles E. Tuttle Co. pp. 117–120. ISBN 0-8048-1102-4.
  • Motoo, Hinago (1986). Japanese Castles. Tokyo: Kodansha. p. 200 pages. ISBN 0-87011-766-1.
  • Mitchelhill, Jennifer (2013). Castles of the Samurai:Power & Beauty. USA: Kodansha. ISBN 978-1568365121.

External links

  Media related to Inuyama Castle at Wikimedia Commons

  • (in Japanese) Inuyama Castle official site
  • (in English) Inuyama Castle official site
  • Japan Guide
  • The Yamasa Institute 2016-03-05 at the Wayback Machine

August 16, 2023
inuyama, castle, 犬山城, inuyama, yamajiro, style, japanese, castle, located, city, inuyama, aichi, prefecture, japan, castle, overlooks, kiso, river, which, serves, border, between, aichi, gifu, prefectures, tenshu, only, modern, tenshu, remaining, existence, be. Inuyama Castle 犬山城 Inuyama jō is a yamajiro style Japanese castle located in the city of Inuyama Aichi Prefecture Japan The castle overlooks the Kiso River which serves as the border between Aichi and Gifu Prefectures The tenshu of Inuyama Castle one of only 12 pre modern tenshu remaining in existence has been determined to be the oldest remaining tenshu dating from the late 1580s The castle has been a National Historic Site since 2018 1 Inuyama Castle犬山城Chubu Tōkai Inuyama Aichi Prefecture JapanTenshu of Inuyama CastleInuyama CastleShow map of Aichi PrefectureInuyama CastleShow map of JapanCoordinates35 23 18 N 136 56 21 E 35 38833 N 136 93917 E 35 38833 136 93917Height19 m 62 ft Site historyBuilt1537Built byOda HirochikaGarrison informationPastcommandersIkeda Tsuneoki Oda NobuyasuOccupantsOda clan Naruse clanNational TreasureNational Historic Site of Japan Contents 1 Background 2 History 3 Castle Rulers 4 See also 5 Literature 6 References 7 External linksBackground EditInuyama Castle is located on a hill overlooking the Kiso River in what is now the city of Inuyama Inuyama Castle is the oldest of 12 castles to have retained its Tenshukaku intact This main tower is small but due to its complex form it shows different silhouettes depend on the angle Among the 12 remaining main towers the tenshu at Inuyama Castle is designated as a National Treasure of Japan 2 as are Matsumoto Castle Hikone Castle and Himeji Castle History EditAccording to the Heian period Engishiki a Shinto shrine the Haritsuna Shrine was moved to make way for the castle The structure was rebuilt several times in the Muromachi period and the current configuration was largely the work of Oda Nobukatsu Oda Nobunaga s son The antiquated architectural style of the watchtower atop the tenshu has in the past led many historians to believe this to be the oldest extant tenshu in Japan which was confirmed through tree rings in the construction materials dating the structure to the 1580s 3 Construction and renovations continued through 1620 4 Inuyama Castle was the final obstacle against Oda Nobunaga s unification of Owari Province After Nobunaga had defeated the Imagawa clan at the Battle of Okehazama in 1560 his cousin Oda Nobukiyo seized Inuyama Castle with the support of Saito Yoshitatsu on Mino Province Nobunaga recaptured the castle in 1564 After Nobunaga s death Toyotomi Hideyoshi appointed Ishikawa Sadakiyo as castellan of Inuyama Ishikawa rebuilt the defenses of the castle in line with contemporary designs and the current shape of the donjon is a result of this reconstruction After the Battle of Sekigahara the victorious Tokugawa Ieyasu expelled the Ishikawa clan and turned the castle over to Owari Domain Under the Tokugawa shogunate the castle was governed by the Naruse clan who ruled as daimyō of Inuyama Domain as vassals of the Owari Tokugawa clan until the Meiji restoration The new Meiji government seized Inuyama Castle in 1871 and destroyed all of its auxiliary buildings except for the tenshu however after the castle was damaged in the Great Nōbi earthquake and it was returned to the Naruse family in 1895 on the condition that they repair and maintain it The castle was thus unique in Japan in that it was privately owned In 2004 ownership of the castle was turned over to a non profit foundation set up by the Aichi Prefecture s Board of Education 5 It was long believed that the tenshu of Inuyama Castle was moved to the castle from Kanayama Castle in 1599 until such theory was disproved as a result of examination through a large scale restoration work involving the dismantling of the tenshu carried out between 1961 and 1965 6 A view of the castle taken in 1937 Inuyama Castle and Kiso River Castle Town Inuyama Festival Inuyama Castle and karakuri float Karakuri float Inuyama castle front gateCastle Rulers EditThe castellans of Inuyama Castle are listed below in order with their dates of reign in parentheses There were no castellans from 1612 1617 and 1869 1895 Pre Naruse ClanOda Nobuyasu 1537 1547 Oda Nobuyuki 1547 1564 Ikeda Nobuteru 1570 1581 Oda Nobufusa 1581 1582 Nakagawa Sadanari 1582 1584 Ikeda Nobuteru 1584 Katō Yasukage 1584 proxy ruler Takeda Kiyotoshi 1584 1587 proxy ruler Hijikata Katsuyoshi 1587 1590 proxy ruler Nagao Yoshifusa 1590 1592 proxy ruler Miwa Gorōemon 1592 1595 Ishikawa Mitsuyoshi 1595 1600 Ogasawara Yoshitsugu 1601 1607 Hiraiwa Chikayoshi 1607 1612 Naruse ClanNaruse Masanari 1617 1625 Naruse Masatora 1625 1659 Naruse Masachika 1659 1703 Naruse Masayuki 1703 1732 Naruse Masamoto 1732 1768 Naruse Masanori 1768 1809 Naruse Masanaga 1809 1838 Naruse Masazumi 1838 1857 Naruse Masamitsu 1857 1869 1895 1903 Naruse Masao 1903 1949 Naruse Masakatsu 1949 1973 Naruse Masatoshi 1973 2004 See also EditList of National Treasures of Japan castles List of Historic Sites of Japan Aichi Literature EditDe Lange William 2021 An Encyclopedia of Japanese Castles Groningen Toyo Press pp 600 pages ISBN 978 9492722300 References Edit 新情報 National Treasure Inuyama Castle in Japanese Inuyama Castle Retrieved 25 September 2019 犬山城天守 Cultural Heritage Online in Japanese Agency for Cultural Affairs Retrieved 25 September 2018 Inuyama Castle keep confirmed to be oldest in Japan Washington Post 2021 03 30 Retrieved 2021 03 31 via New Hampshire Union Leader a href Template Cite news html title Template Cite news cite news a CS1 maint url status link Young David and Michiko Introduction to Japanese Architecture Hong Kong Periplus Editions 2004 p100 in Japanese http www inuyamajohb org Nanjō Norio Tatsuya Naramoto 1989 Nihon no meijō kojō jiten in Japanese Hankyu Communications p 240 ISBN 9784484892085 Benesch Oleg and Ran Zwigenberg 2019 Japan s Castles Citadels of Modernity in War and Peace Cambridge Cambridge University Press p 374 ISBN 9781108481946 Schmorleitz Morton S 1974 Castles in Japan Tokyo Charles E Tuttle Co pp 117 120 ISBN 0 8048 1102 4 Motoo Hinago 1986 Japanese Castles Tokyo Kodansha p 200 pages ISBN 0 87011 766 1 Mitchelhill Jennifer 2013 Castles of the Samurai Power amp Beauty USA Kodansha ISBN 978 1568365121 External links Edit Media related to Inuyama Castle at Wikimedia Commons in Japanese Inuyama Castle official site in English Inuyama Castle official site Guide to Japanese Castles Japan Guide The Yamasa Institute Archived 2016 03 05 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Inuyama Castle amp oldid 1168739879, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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