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International Life Sciences Institute

November 12, 2023

The International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) is a global nonprofit 501(c)(3) organization[1] headquartered in Washington, DC, United States that publishes peer-reviewed studies on nutrition and food safety. It was founded in 1978 by Alex Malaspina, a former Coca-Cola executive (who was affiliated with ILSI until 2001),[2][3] and it is partially financed by its 300+ members, which includes food and chemical corporations such as BASF, McDonald’s, Syngenta and Pepsi.[4] In 2020, the organization's revenue was US$10.1 million.[5]

International Life Sciences Institute
NicknameILSI
Formation7 July 1978; 45 years ago (1978-07-07)
Headquarters740 15th Street, Suite 600
Washington, DC 20005
United States
Coordinates38°53′59.7″N 77°2′2.1″W / 38.899917°N 77.033917°W / 38.899917; -77.033917
Websiteilsi.org

In 2021 ILSI North America rebranded as the Institute for the Advancement of Food and Nutrition Sciences (IAFNS).

Structure edit

Until 2018, ILSI operated as a member organization, whose members were exclusively food and beverage, agricultural, chemical, and pharmaceutical companies. In November 2018, ILSI restructured as a global federation of entities, consisting of non-profit organizations with public and private sector members.[6] Based on its 2020 annual report, 70.8% of its revenue comes from membership dues and committee assessments; 19.2% from grants and contributions; and the remaining from publications and conference registration.[7]

According to ILSI’s bylaws,[8] at least 51% of its Board of Trustees must come from the public sector (i.e. academic, government and non-governmental organization representatives). The remainder of the Board is elected from its member companies.[9]

According to ILSI, the organization receives in-kind support of time and expertise from volunteer academic, government, and non-governmental scientists.[10]

History edit

ILSI was formed in 1978 by Alex Malaspina, who was concurrently a senior vice president at Coca-Cola from 1969 until leaving both Coca-Cola and the institute in 2001.[11][2]

In 1986, ILSI employee Michael Gough published a book about Dioxin and Agent Orange entitled Dioxin, Agent Orange: The Facts. The Los Angeles Times said that The Facts had "minimal scientific merit" as the book is about "toxicology, teratology, carcinogenesis, epidemiology and medicine"—areas where Gough had no authority as his qualifications were in molecular biology. The Times said that The Facts would however be useful to "dioxin defense attorneys, his current employers at the Risk Science Institute of the International Life Sciences Institute in Washington (a chemical industry think tank), and also his future industrial clients."[12][13]

in 2009, partly in response to questions about the neutrality of its science, ILSI published an article “Funding Food Science and Nutrition Research: Financial Conflicts and Scientific Integrity” in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, proposing eight conflict-of-interest guidelines regarding industry funding "to protect the integrity and credibility of the scientific record, particularly with respect to health, nutrition and food-safety science".[14]

In 2015, ILSI Mexico's operations were suspended for a year by the Board Executive Committee when it was discovered ILSI Mexico had sponsored a local conference where soft drink taxation was discussed, which was viewed as a "public relations effort to influence policy for commercial purposes" by the institute.[15][16] ILSI Mexico was shut down in 2020.[3]

In 2018, Mars Inc ended their membership in ILSI,[17] and in 2021, Coca-Cola Co. also withdrew from membership.[18]

In 2021, ILSI North America rebranded as the "Institute for the Advancement of Food and Nutrition Sciences" (IAFNS).[19][20]

ILSI Global was awarded Guidestar's Gold Seal of Transparency in 2021.[21] ILSI Europe is included in European Union's Transparency Register.[22] ILSI Mesoamerica is certified by the Costa Rican government as an organization of public interest.[23]

Controversies edit

A 2021 qualitative document analysis concluded that "The activities developed by ILSI on scientific integrity principles are part of a broader set of political practices of industry actors to influence public health policy, research, and practice."[19]

Tobacco industry edit

In 2001, an editorial in the British Medical Journal wrote that ILSI received money from the tobacco industry from 1983 to 1998.[24] ILSI denies accusations that it has ever sought to undermine tobacco control efforts. In a Letter to the American Journal of Public Health, ILSI responded to these allegations by saying that there is "little question that the tobacco industry has engaged in a variety of tactics to thwart public health efforts… As a scientific organization, ILSI deplores these tactics and is strongly against any attempts to twist and manipulate science."[25] As of 2019, ILSI entities are prohibited from accepting as members or accepting funds from tobacco companies.[3]

A 2019 New York Times article described ILSI as an organization 'which championed tobacco interests during the 1980s and 1990s.'[3]

Nutrition edit

Nutritionist Barry Popkin says that in China ILSI had "an extremely harmful influence, because they prevented raising awareness for a healthy diet."[26][27]

Sugar industry edit

In January 2020, an ILSI-sponsored survey report by Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) and National Institute of Nutrition (NIN) on consumption of added sugar among Indians, drew criticism from the Alliance Against Conflict of Interest (AACI).[28][29] They described ILSI as a lobbying arm of the food industry, notorious for pursuing policy influence globally, with particular respect to sugary foods and beverages.[30] As such, ILSI was accused of influencing the decisions of WHO and governments in their favour.[31][32][27][33] The AACI "wonder[s] what strategic direction ICMR-NIN, the premier research agency of India, is giving to the people of India when this survey's findings projected in the media may potentially perpetuate more sugar consumption while pretending to be concerned about non-communicable diseases".[30]

Notes and references edit

  1. ^ International Life Sciences Institute, 1985 IRS ILSI Tax Code Determination 2011-03-22 at the Wayback Machine
  2. ^ a b Greenhalgh, Susan; Zhang, Li (15 February 2020). Can Science and Technology Save China?. Cornell University Press. ISBN 9781501747052. Retrieved 22 December 2021.
  3. ^ a b c d Jacobs, Andrew (16 September 2019). "A Shadowy Industry Group Shapes Food Policy Around the World". New York Times. Retrieved 18 May 2021.
  4. ^ "Science institute that advised EU and UN 'actually industry lobby group'". the Guardian. 2019-06-03. Retrieved 2022-01-26.
  5. ^ "ILSI 2020 Annual Report" (PDF). International Life Sciences Institute. Retrieved 17 February 2022.
  6. ^ "ILSI Governance Change Initiative". International Life Sciences Institute. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
  7. ^ "ILSI 2020 Annual Report" (PDF). ILSI. November 2021. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
  8. ^ International Life Sciences Institute, ILSI ByLaws
  9. ^ "2018 ILSI Annual Report_Final".
  10. ^ "Mandatory Policies of the International Life Sciences Institute" (PDF).
  11. ^ "ILSI Response to The New York Times". International Life Sciences Institute. Retrieved 22 December 2021.
  12. ^ "Dioxin, Agent Orange: The Facts by Michael Gough". Los Angeles Times. 1986-08-24. Retrieved 2019-09-23.
  13. ^ Gough, Michael (1986). Dioxin, Agent Orange: The Facts. Springer US. ISBN 978-0-306-42247-8. Retrieved 2019-09-23.
  14. ^ Rowe, Sylvia; Alexander, Nick; Clydesdale, Fergus M.; Applebaum, Rhona S.; Atkinson, Stephanie; Black, Richard M.; Dwyer, Johanna T.; Hentges, Eric; Higley, Nancy A.; Lefevre, Michael; Lupton, Joanne R.; Miller, Sanford A.; Tancredi, Doris L.; Weaver, Connie M.; Woteki, Catherine E.; Wedral, Elaine (2009-06-01). "Funding Food Science and Nutrition Research: Financial Conflicts and Scientific Integrity". The Journal of Nutrition. 139 (6): 1051–1053. doi:10.3945/jn.109.105668. PMID 19403704.
  15. ^ "Influential Science Nonprofit ILSI Exposed as a Food Industry Lobby Group". EcoWatch. 2019-06-07. Retrieved 2022-01-20.
  16. ^ "ILSI Response to Globalization and Health". International Life Sciences Institute. International Life Sciences Institute. Retrieved 18 May 2021.
  17. ^ Prentice, Chris (5 February 2018). "M&M's maker publishes science policy in bid to boost transparency". Reuters. Retrieved 18 May 2021.
  18. ^ Pulley, Brett (13 January 2021). "Coca-Cola severs longtime ties with pro-sugar industry group". Seattle Times. Bloomberg. Retrieved 18 May 2021.
  19. ^ a b Mialon, Mélissa; Ho, Matthew; Carriedo, Angela; Ruskin, Gary; Crosbie, Eric (2021). "Beyond nutrition and physical activity: food industry shaping of the very principles of scientific integrity". Globalization and Health. 17 (1): 37. doi:10.1186/s12992-021-00689-1. PMC 8056799. PMID 33879204.
  20. ^ "Who We Are". IAFNS. 28 February 2023. Retrieved 28 June 2023.
  21. ^ "International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) - GuideStar Profile". www.guidestar.org. Retrieved 2022-03-18.
  22. ^ "Transparency Register". ec.europa.eu. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
  23. ^ "La Gaceta Costa Rica" (PDF). National Printing of Costa Rica. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
  24. ^ MacDonald, R (2001). "WHO says tobacco industry "used" institute to undermine its policies". British Medical Journal. 322 (7286): 576. doi:10.1136/bmj.322.7286.576. PMC 1119783. PMID 11238148.
  25. ^ Stanley, James (June 2002). "Ilsi and the Tobacco Industry". American Journal of Public Health. 92 (6): 891–892. doi:10.2105/ajph.92.6.891-a. ISSN 0090-0036. PMC 1447472. PMID 12036766.
  26. ^ Wie Coca-Cola Chinas Gesundheitspolitik manipuliert Der Standard, 13 January 2019.
  27. ^ a b Susan Greenhalgh: Making China safe for Coke: how Coca-Cola shaped obesity science and policy in China The BMJ, 9 January 2019.
  28. ^ Perappadan, Bindu Shajan (2020-01-05). "Added sugar intake is highest in Mumbai, Ahmedabad: ICMR study". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 2020-06-12.
  29. ^ https://www.indiansugar.com/PDFS/SUGAR_AND_HEALTH.pdf[bare URL PDF]
  30. ^ a b Alliance Against Conflict of Interest (2020-01-14). "Sponsorship of the survey on sugar consumption by ILSI-Concerns" (PDF).
  31. ^ "Look at who the Niti Aayog is consulting". Times of India Blog. 2017-10-26. Retrieved 2022-03-19.
  32. ^ "Is Coca-Cola Influencing India's Public Health Policies?". The Wire. Retrieved 2022-03-19.
  33. ^ Boseley, Sarah (2019-01-10). "Coca-Cola influences China's obesity policy, BMJ report says". The Guardian. Retrieved 2022-03-19.

External links edit

  • ILSI Homepage
  • Institute for the Advancement of Food and Nutrition Sciences (IAFNS) Home page

November 12, 2023
international, life, sciences, institute, ilsi, global, nonprofit, organization, headquartered, washington, united, states, that, publishes, peer, reviewed, studies, nutrition, food, safety, founded, 1978, alex, malaspina, former, coca, cola, executive, affili. The International Life Sciences Institute ILSI is a global nonprofit 501 c 3 organization 1 headquartered in Washington DC United States that publishes peer reviewed studies on nutrition and food safety It was founded in 1978 by Alex Malaspina a former Coca Cola executive who was affiliated with ILSI until 2001 2 3 and it is partially financed by its 300 members which includes food and chemical corporations such as BASF McDonald s Syngenta and Pepsi 4 In 2020 the organization s revenue was US 10 1 million 5 International Life Sciences InstituteNicknameILSIFormation7 July 1978 45 years ago 1978 07 07 Headquarters740 15th Street Suite 600 Washington DC 20005 United StatesCoordinates38 53 59 7 N 77 2 2 1 W 38 899917 N 77 033917 W 38 899917 77 033917Websiteilsi wbr orgIn 2021 ILSI North America rebranded as the Institute for the Advancement of Food and Nutrition Sciences IAFNS Contents 1 Structure 2 History 3 Controversies 3 1 Tobacco industry 3 2 Nutrition 3 3 Sugar industry 4 Notes and references 5 External linksStructure editUntil 2018 ILSI operated as a member organization whose members were exclusively food and beverage agricultural chemical and pharmaceutical companies In November 2018 ILSI restructured as a global federation of entities consisting of non profit organizations with public and private sector members 6 Based on its 2020 annual report 70 8 of its revenue comes from membership dues and committee assessments 19 2 from grants and contributions and the remaining from publications and conference registration 7 According to ILSI s bylaws 8 at least 51 of its Board of Trustees must come from the public sector i e academic government and non governmental organization representatives The remainder of the Board is elected from its member companies 9 According to ILSI the organization receives in kind support of time and expertise from volunteer academic government and non governmental scientists 10 History editILSI was formed in 1978 by Alex Malaspina who was concurrently a senior vice president at Coca Cola from 1969 until leaving both Coca Cola and the institute in 2001 11 2 In 1986 ILSI employee Michael Gough published a book about Dioxin and Agent Orange entitled Dioxin Agent Orange The Facts The Los Angeles Times said that The Facts had minimal scientific merit as the book is about toxicology teratology carcinogenesis epidemiology and medicine areas where Gough had no authority as his qualifications were in molecular biology The Times said that The Facts would however be useful to dioxin defense attorneys his current employers at the Risk Science Institute of the International Life Sciences Institute in Washington a chemical industry think tank and also his future industrial clients 12 13 in 2009 partly in response to questions about the neutrality of its science ILSI published an article Funding Food Science and Nutrition Research Financial Conflicts and Scientific Integrity in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition proposing eight conflict of interest guidelines regarding industry funding to protect the integrity and credibility of the scientific record particularly with respect to health nutrition and food safety science 14 In 2015 ILSI Mexico s operations were suspended for a year by the Board Executive Committee when it was discovered ILSI Mexico had sponsored a local conference where soft drink taxation was discussed which was viewed as a public relations effort to influence policy for commercial purposes by the institute 15 16 ILSI Mexico was shut down in 2020 3 In 2018 Mars Inc ended their membership in ILSI 17 and in 2021 Coca Cola Co also withdrew from membership 18 In 2021 ILSI North America rebranded as the Institute for the Advancement of Food and Nutrition Sciences IAFNS 19 20 ILSI Global was awarded Guidestar s Gold Seal of Transparency in 2021 21 ILSI Europe is included in European Union s Transparency Register 22 ILSI Mesoamerica is certified by the Costa Rican government as an organization of public interest 23 Controversies editA 2021 qualitative document analysis concluded that The activities developed by ILSI on scientific integrity principles are part of a broader set of political practices of industry actors to influence public health policy research and practice 19 Tobacco industry edit In 2001 an editorial in the British Medical Journal wrote that ILSI received money from the tobacco industry from 1983 to 1998 24 ILSI denies accusations that it has ever sought to undermine tobacco control efforts In a Letter to the American Journal of Public Health ILSI responded to these allegations by saying that there is little question that the tobacco industry has engaged in a variety of tactics to thwart public health efforts As a scientific organization ILSI deplores these tactics and is strongly against any attempts to twist and manipulate science 25 As of 2019 ILSI entities are prohibited from accepting as members or accepting funds from tobacco companies 3 A 2019 New York Times article described ILSI as an organization which championed tobacco interests during the 1980s and 1990s 3 Nutrition edit Nutritionist Barry Popkin says that in China ILSI had an extremely harmful influence because they prevented raising awareness for a healthy diet 26 27 Sugar industry edit In January 2020 an ILSI sponsored survey report by Indian Council of Medical Research ICMR and National Institute of Nutrition NIN on consumption of added sugar among Indians drew criticism from the Alliance Against Conflict of Interest AACI 28 29 They described ILSI as a lobbying arm of the food industry notorious for pursuing policy influence globally with particular respect to sugary foods and beverages 30 As such ILSI was accused of influencing the decisions of WHO and governments in their favour 31 32 27 33 The AACI wonder s what strategic direction ICMR NIN the premier research agency of India is giving to the people of India when this survey s findings projected in the media may potentially perpetuate more sugar consumption while pretending to be concerned about non communicable diseases 30 Notes and references edit International Life Sciences Institute 1985 IRS ILSI Tax Code Determination Archived 2011 03 22 at the Wayback Machine a b Greenhalgh Susan Zhang Li 15 February 2020 Can Science and Technology Save China Cornell University Press ISBN 9781501747052 Retrieved 22 December 2021 a b c d Jacobs Andrew 16 September 2019 A Shadowy Industry Group Shapes Food Policy Around the World New York Times Retrieved 18 May 2021 Science institute that advised EU and UN actually industry lobby group the Guardian 2019 06 03 Retrieved 2022 01 26 ILSI 2020 Annual Report PDF International Life Sciences Institute Retrieved 17 February 2022 ILSI Governance Change Initiative International Life Sciences Institute Retrieved 22 March 2022 ILSI 2020 Annual Report PDF ILSI November 2021 Retrieved 11 January 2022 International Life Sciences Institute ILSI ByLaws 2018 ILSI Annual Report Final Mandatory Policies of the International Life Sciences Institute PDF ILSI Response to The New York Times International Life Sciences Institute Retrieved 22 December 2021 Dioxin Agent Orange The Facts by Michael Gough Los Angeles Times 1986 08 24 Retrieved 2019 09 23 Gough Michael 1986 Dioxin Agent Orange The Facts Springer US ISBN 978 0 306 42247 8 Retrieved 2019 09 23 Rowe Sylvia Alexander Nick Clydesdale Fergus M Applebaum Rhona S Atkinson Stephanie Black Richard M Dwyer Johanna T Hentges Eric Higley Nancy A Lefevre Michael Lupton Joanne R Miller Sanford A Tancredi Doris L Weaver Connie M Woteki Catherine E Wedral Elaine 2009 06 01 Funding Food Science and Nutrition Research Financial Conflicts and Scientific Integrity The Journal of Nutrition 139 6 1051 1053 doi 10 3945 jn 109 105668 PMID 19403704 Influential Science Nonprofit ILSI Exposed as a Food Industry Lobby Group EcoWatch 2019 06 07 Retrieved 2022 01 20 ILSI Response to Globalization and Health International Life Sciences Institute International Life Sciences Institute Retrieved 18 May 2021 Prentice Chris 5 February 2018 M amp M s maker publishes science policy in bid to boost transparency Reuters Retrieved 18 May 2021 Pulley Brett 13 January 2021 Coca Cola severs longtime ties with pro sugar industry group Seattle Times Bloomberg Retrieved 18 May 2021 a b Mialon Melissa Ho Matthew Carriedo Angela Ruskin Gary Crosbie Eric 2021 Beyond nutrition and physical activity food industry shaping of the very principles of scientific integrity Globalization and Health 17 1 37 doi 10 1186 s12992 021 00689 1 PMC 8056799 PMID 33879204 Who We Are IAFNS 28 February 2023 Retrieved 28 June 2023 International Life Sciences Institute ILSI GuideStar Profile www guidestar org Retrieved 2022 03 18 Transparency Register ec europa eu Retrieved 22 March 2022 La Gaceta Costa Rica PDF National Printing of Costa Rica Retrieved 20 March 2022 MacDonald R 2001 WHO says tobacco industry used institute to undermine its policies British Medical Journal 322 7286 576 doi 10 1136 bmj 322 7286 576 PMC 1119783 PMID 11238148 Stanley James June 2002 Ilsi and the Tobacco Industry American Journal of Public Health 92 6 891 892 doi 10 2105 ajph 92 6 891 a ISSN 0090 0036 PMC 1447472 PMID 12036766 Wie Coca Cola Chinas Gesundheitspolitik manipuliert Der Standard 13 January 2019 a b Susan Greenhalgh Making China safe for Coke how Coca Cola shaped obesity science and policy in China The BMJ 9 January 2019 Perappadan Bindu Shajan 2020 01 05 Added sugar intake is highest in Mumbai Ahmedabad ICMR study The Hindu ISSN 0971 751X Retrieved 2020 06 12 https www indiansugar com PDFS SUGAR AND HEALTH pdf bare URL PDF a b Alliance Against Conflict of Interest 2020 01 14 Sponsorship of the survey on sugar consumption by ILSI Concerns PDF Look at who the Niti Aayog is consulting Times of India Blog 2017 10 26 Retrieved 2022 03 19 Is Coca Cola Influencing India s Public Health Policies The Wire Retrieved 2022 03 19 Boseley Sarah 2019 01 10 Coca Cola influences China s obesity policy BMJ report says The Guardian Retrieved 2022 03 19 External links editILSI HomepageInstitute for the Advancement of Food and Nutrition Sciences IAFNS Home pagePortals nbsp Food nbsp Chemistry nbsp Companies Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title International Life Sciences Institute amp oldid 1178737835, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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