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Map of Southern Italy with the cities of Messina, Reggio Calabria and Gerace and the cities in the north that the rebels were planning to take.
The three revoltsEdit
Planning for the uprising of 1847 began in 1843 within a network of liberal and carbonari committees meeting secretly in Naples, at the time the capital of the kingdom. One of the leaders of these committees was the poet and activist Carlo Poerio. The insurrection had been initially planned for the end of 1844, but this was disrupted by the unexpected failed attempt of the Bandiera brothers to take over Calabria. Finally, after long negotiations and the gathering of weapons and powder, it was eventually decided that three simultaneous uprisings would take place: one in Sicily (more precisely in Messina), and two in the southern part of Calabria: in Reggio Calabria and in the district of Gerace. The plan was that the rebels would then move toward the North to liberate Palmi, Catanzaro, Cosenza and eventually Naples.
The revolt of Messina was the first to take place, on September 1, 1847. However, it was crushed the same day by the local military authorities, with most of the leaders of the revolt, including the historian Carlo Gemelli, fleeing to Malta. The revolt continued through the following days in neighboring rural villages in the mountains, such as in Novara di Sicilia, although without much success.
On the September 2, the planned uprisings broke out in Reggio Calabria and in the district of Gerace. The Reggio revolt started in the village of Santo Stefano in Aspromonte, from which 500 men led by Domenico Romeo (1796–1847) marched on the city of Reggio Calabria. On the 3rd of September, the rebels took over the Reggio castle as well as the prison of San Francesco, and instituted an 'insurrectional junta'. Learning about the insurrection, King Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies sent two warships which arrived at Reggio on the 4th and started bombarding the city. The authorities reacted harshly, with four leaders of the rebellion shot while Domenico Romeo was captured and then beheaded.
The revolt in the district of Gerace, which started at the same time as the Reggio revolt, lasted until the 6th of September with the main leaders being captured only on the 15th. Starting in the villages of Sant'Agata del Bianco and Bianco, the insurgents then marched on Caraffa del Bianco, Bovalino, Ardore, Siderno, Gioiosa Ionica and Roccella Ionica, covering a distance of more than 45 kilometers. In each of these towns, they proclaimed the repeal the taxes on imports and exports, and a reduction by half of the costs of salt and tobacco. They also captured the Intendant of the district of Gerace, Antonio Bonafede, a known reactionary. However, on the 6th of September—due to the arrival of a warship and news of the imminent arrival of Royal military troops directed by general Ferdinando Nunziante—the insurgents disbanded and the leaders of the revolt fled northward to the mountains, hiding in a cave in the valley of Caulonia. On the 15th of September, a local peasant named Nicola Ciccarello informed the authorities of the insurgents' hiding place, leading to their capture. The five main leaders of the Gerace revolt—Rocco Verduci, Michele Bello, Pietro Mazzoni, Gaetano Ruffo and Domenico Salvadori—were arrested, and after a trial they were executed in Gerace on the October 2, 1847. They are today remembered as the Five Martyrs of Gerace (in Italian: Cinque Martiri di Gerace).
The Five Martyrs of Gerace: Rocco Verduci (1824-1847), Michele Bello (1822-1847), Pietro Mazzoni (1822-1847), Gaetano Ruffo (1819-1847) and Domenico Salvadori (1822-1847).
ReferencesEdit
Cataldo, Vincenzo (2000) Cospirazioni, Economia e Società nel Distretto di Gerace dal 1847 all'Unità d'Italia, Arti Grafiche.
Fava, Francesco (1906) Il moto calabrese del 1847, F. Nicastro.
Visalli, Vittorio (1987) Lotta e martirio del popolo calabrese (1847-1848), Edizioni Brenner.
October 24, 2023
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You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in French April 2021 Click show for important translation instructions View a machine translated version of the French article Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 5 809 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing French Wikipedia article at fr Insurrection dans le Royaume des Deux Siciles de 1847 see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated fr Insurrection dans le Royaume des Deux Siciles de 1847 to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation The Insurrection of 1847 in the Two Sicilies is a series of three revolts that happened in September 1847 in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies Its aim was the unification of Italy and the establishment of either a constitutional monarchy or a republic The insurrection is often considered as a continuation of the Neapolitan revolution of 1820 and at the same time as a foretaste of the Sicilian revolution of 1848 and of the spring of nations Map of Southern Italy with the cities of Messina Reggio Calabria and Gerace and the cities in the north that the rebels were planning to take The three revolts EditPlanning for the uprising of 1847 began in 1843 within a network of liberal and carbonari committees meeting secretly in Naples at the time the capital of the kingdom One of the leaders of these committees was the poet and activist Carlo Poerio The insurrection had been initially planned for the end of 1844 but this was disrupted by the unexpected failed attempt of the Bandiera brothers to take over Calabria Finally after long negotiations and the gathering of weapons and powder it was eventually decided that three simultaneous uprisings would take place one in Sicily more precisely in Messina and two in the southern part of Calabria in Reggio Calabria and in the district of Gerace The plan was that the rebels would then move toward the North to liberate Palmi Catanzaro Cosenza and eventually Naples The revolt of Messina was the first to take place on September 1 1847 However it was crushed the same day by the local military authorities with most of the leaders of the revolt including the historian Carlo Gemelli fleeing to Malta The revolt continued through the following days in neighboring rural villages in the mountains such as in Novara di Sicilia although without much success On the September 2 the planned uprisings broke out in Reggio Calabria and in the district of Gerace The Reggio revolt started in the village of Santo Stefano in Aspromonte from which 500 men led by Domenico Romeo 1796 1847 marched on the city of Reggio Calabria On the 3rd of September the rebels took over the Reggio castle as well as the prison of San Francesco and instituted an insurrectional junta Learning about the insurrection King Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies sent two warships which arrived at Reggio on the 4th and started bombarding the city The authorities reacted harshly with four leaders of the rebellion shot while Domenico Romeo was captured and then beheaded The revolt in the district of Gerace which started at the same time as the Reggio revolt lasted until the 6th of September with the main leaders being captured only on the 15th Starting in the villages of Sant Agata del Bianco and Bianco the insurgents then marched on Caraffa del Bianco Bovalino Ardore Siderno Gioiosa Ionica and Roccella Ionica covering a distance of more than 45 kilometers In each of these towns they proclaimed the repeal the taxes on imports and exports and a reduction by half of the costs of salt and tobacco They also captured the Intendant of the district of Gerace Antonio Bonafede a known reactionary However on the 6th of September due to the arrival of a warship and news of the imminent arrival of Royal military troops directed by general Ferdinando Nunziante the insurgents disbanded and the leaders of the revolt fled northward to the mountains hiding in a cave in the valley of Caulonia On the 15th of September a local peasant named Nicola Ciccarello informed the authorities of the insurgents hiding place leading to their capture The five main leaders of the Gerace revolt Rocco Verduci Michele Bello Pietro Mazzoni Gaetano Ruffo and Domenico Salvadori were arrested and after a trial they were executed in Gerace on the October 2 1847 They are today remembered as the Five Martyrs of Gerace in Italian Cinque Martiri di Gerace Notable people involved EditCarlo Poerio 1803 1867 Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies 1810 1859 Domenico Romeo 1796 1847 The Five Martyrs of Gerace Rocco Verduci 1824 1847 Michele Bello 1822 1847 Pietro Mazzoni 1822 1847 Gaetano Ruffo 1819 1847 and Domenico Salvadori 1822 1847 References EditCataldo Vincenzo 2000 Cospirazioni Economia e Societa nel Distretto di Gerace dal 1847 all Unita d Italia Arti Grafiche Fava Francesco 1906 Il moto calabrese del 1847 F Nicastro Visalli Vittorio 1987 Lotta e martirio del popolo calabrese 1847 1848 Edizioni Brenner Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Insurrection of 1847 in the Two Sicilies amp oldid 1070690301, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
